Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We describe the case of a 56 years old man, who was operated on with abdominal wall skin malignant melanoma 5 years ago. He received postoperative DTIC + Intron A treatment. Five years later he presented with complaints of epigastric pain, melena, hematochezia, anorexia and fatigue. Upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy showed a tumour mass in the duodeno-jejunal flexure and colonoscopy showed a tumour in the large bowel. Histology verified anaplastic carcinoma. The patient was operated on. We found metastases in the small and the large bowel The patient underwent resection of the jejunum and right hemicolectomy. We describe the different types of metastases of malignant melanomas symptoms, therapies and prognosis.
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PMID:[Late metastases of cutaneous malignant melanoma on the abdominal wall to the small and large bowel]. 1626 71

The authors reported the case of a 56 years old man, who was operated with abdominal cutaneous malignant melanoma 5 years ago. He had chemo-immunotherapy. His complaints were epigastric pain, melena, hematochezia, anorexia, lack of appetite, fatigue. The upper panendoscopy showed tumor mass in the duodenojejunal flexure and the colonoscopy showed tumor in the large bowel. The patient underwent jejunal resection and right hemicolectomy. The authors survey the metastases of malignant melanoma as well as their clinical signs, therapeutic measures and prognosis.
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PMID:[Late metastases of abdominal cutaneous malignant melanoma in the small and large bowels]. 1626 72

Malignant melanoma is one of the most common malignancies to metastasize to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Metastases to the GI tract can present at the time of primary diagnosis or decades later as the first sign of recurrence. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, dysphagia, small bowel obstruction, hematemesis, and melena. We report 2 cases of malignant melanoma metastatic to the GI tract, followed by a review of the literature. The first case is a 72-year-old man who underwent resection of superficial spreading melanoma on his back 13 years previously who presented with dysphagia. A biopsy specimen of a mucosal fold in a gastric fundus noted during endoscopy was taken and revealed metastatic malignant melanoma, which was resected 1 month later. Three weeks later, the patient was found to have an ulcerated jejunal metastatic melanoma mass, which was also resected. The second case is a 63-year-old man with an ocular melanoma involving the chorold of the left eye that had been diagnosed 4 years previously, which had been excised several times, who presented with anorexia, dizziness, and fatigue. He was found to have cerebellar and stomach metastases. He underwent adjuvant radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgical resection of the gastric melanoma metastasis. In patients with a history of melanoma, a high index of suspicion for metastasis must be maintained if they present with seemingly unrelated symptoms. Diagnosis requires careful inspection of the mucosa for metastatic lesions and biopsy with special immunohistochemical stains. Management may include surgical resection, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, observation, or enrollment in clinical trials. Prognosis is poor, with a median survival of 4 to 6 months.
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PMID:Metastatic malignant melanoma of the gastrointestinal tract. 1661 May 71

Primary melanoma of the esophagus (PME) is an uncommon malignancy with less than 250 cases reported in the literature. Amelanotic PME is exceedingly rare and accounts for 10-25% of melanomas of the esophagus. A 59-year-old male with a history of mild dysphagia, heartburn, moderate anorexia and weight loss for 1 month is described. Barium swallow examination and videogastroscopy showed a polypoid, ulcerated mass located 30-38 cm from the incisors. No skin or eye melanoma lesions were found. Five biopsy samples were obtained. Histological examinations revealed proliferation of large, loosely cohesive cells of variable shapes and prominent central nucleoli in the deep mucosa. Immunohistochemical findings included positive vimentin, protein S-100, Melan A, and HMB-45, and negative AE1/AE3, CD 17, and desmin. A total transhiatal esophagectomy with high cervical esophagogastric anastomosis was performed. Peritumoral lymph nodes revealed malignant invasion. A diagnosis of primary amelanotic melanoma of the esophagus was made. Fourteen months after diagnosis the patient developed disseminated PME.
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PMID:Primary amelanotic melanoma of the esophagus. 1704 Apr 43

Neuropsychiatric symptoms are commonly related to interferon alpha treatment. The paper summarises the current knowledge about their aetiology, course, and treatment. Interferon alpha is a cytokine with antiviral and antineoplasmatic activity. It is commonly used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C and B, malignant melanoma, Kaposi sarcoma, renal cancers, and some haematological malignancies. Treatment with interferon alpha is associated with depressive symptoms, cognitive disturbances, chronic fatigue syndrome, dysphoria, anxiety symptoms, anorexia, mania and psychotic states. Up to a half of the patients need psychiatric consultations, 10-25% of them need psychiatric treatment. Neuropsychiatric symptoms are the results of direct affection of CNS by interferon and induced cytokines. They increase hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity, alter thyroid function and lead to a behavioural syndrome called 'sickness behaviour'. Moreover interferon induces the activity of 2, 3 indoloamine dioxygenase, the enzyme which converts tryptophan into kynurenine, leads to a reduced level of tryptophan, and thus to a reduced level of central serotonin and to an increased level of neurotoxic kynurenine metabolites. Interferon also affects central opioid receptors and changes dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission. Serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), other antidepressants i.e. nortriptyline, benzodiazepines, naltrexone, and neuroleptics (for maniac and psychotic states) are used to treat interferon associated psychiatric symptoms. Psychological therapy may also be useful, as well as psychoeducation and behavioural interventions.
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PMID:[Neuropsychiatric symptoms related to interferon alpha]. 1706 50

Sorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor that inhibits Raf serine/threonine kinases and receptor tyrosine kinases involved in tumor growth and angiogenesis. It has demonstrated preclinical and clinical activity in several tumor types. Sorafenib 400 mg twice daily (bid) has been approved in several countries worldwide for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. This review summarizes key safety, pharmacokinetic, and efficacy data from four phase I, single-agent, dose-escalation studies with sorafenib in patients with advanced refractory solid tumors (n = 173). These trials followed different treatment regimens (7 days on/7 days off, n = 19; 21 days on/7 days off, n = 44; 28 days on/7 days off, n = 41; or continuous dosing, n = 69) to establish the optimum dosing schedule. Sorafenib was generally well tolerated; most adverse events were mild to moderate in severity up to the defined maximum-tolerated dose of 400 mg twice daily (bid). The most frequently reported drug-related adverse events at any grade included fatigue (40%), anorexia (35%), diarrhea (34%), rash/desquamation (27%), and hand-foot skin reaction (25%). Sorafenib demonstrated preliminary antitumor activity, particularly among patients with renal cell carcinoma or hepatocellular carcinoma: overall, two of 137 evaluable patients achieved partial responses and 38 (28%) had stable disease. Although there was high interpatient variability in plasma pharmacokinetics across these studies, this was not associated with an increased incidence or severity of toxicity. Preliminary studies suggest that phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinase in tumor cells or peripheral blood lymphocytes may be a useful biomarker for measuring and, ultimately, predicting the effects of sorafenib. Based on these findings, continuous daily 400 mg bid sorafenib was chosen as the optimal regimen for phase II/III studies. Trials are ongoing in renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, melanoma, and non-small cell lung cancer.
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PMID:Safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary antitumor activity of sorafenib: a review of four phase I trials in patients with advanced refractory solid tumors. 1747 Jun 85

A 60-year-old man presented with a 3-week history of lethargy, anorexia, breathlessness at rest, nausea and vomiting. He had a 5-year history of an undisclosed, enlarging, pigmented mass on his penis. He refused biopsy of this lesion. Fine-needle aspirate of an enlarged inguinal lymph node histologically confirmed a diagnosis of melanoma and widespread metastases were demonstrated by radiological imaging. The patient succumbed to disease within 8 days of diagnosis. Primary penile melanoma, albeit rare, is an important and sensitive dermatological problem, often leading to delayed presentation.
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PMID:Fatal delayed presentation of primary melanoma of the penis. 1885 91

Melanoma is a malignancy originating from melanocytes. The primary melanoma usually occurs on the skin, retina, anal canal or occasionally at other organs such as the esophagus, penis or vagina. Although melanoma represents about one-third of all metastatic lesions in the gastrointestinal tract, metastasis of melanoma to the GI tract, detected radiologically or endoscopically, is relatively rare. In most cases of malignant melanoma, recurrence and death occur within 10 years after treatment of the primary lesion. We herein report a case showing a recurrence 17 years after extirpation of primary malignant melanoma in the foot. A 65-year-old man, with a history of extirpation of a malignant melanoma in the sole of his foot 17 years before, presented with anorexia and severe anemia, and multiple duodenal tumors were pointed out with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Histologic examination of the endoscopic biopsy specimen revealed proliferation of large polygonal cells with distinct nucleoli, and malignant melanoma was diagnosed immunohistochemically. Further examination, including computed tomography and positron emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose, revealed systemic metastasis.
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PMID:Late recurrence of malignant melanoma in the duodenum. 1910 54

Primary malignant melanomas of the GI tract are very rare. Their symptomatology is not specific. We report a 78-year-old Tunisian woman hospitalised with a 6-month history of recurrent abdominal pain, loss of appetite, weakness and weight loss. She had no personal history of cutaneous or ocular melanoma. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed multiple small, raised darkly pigmented tumours. Theses lesions were found in the oesophagus, the stomach, the bulb and the duodenum. Biopsy specimens were taken and histology showed the presence of melanocytic cells with abundant melanin pigment. Immunohistochemically, tumour cells were positive for HMB-45. Morphological examinations revealed hepatomegaly with multiple nodules with small lymph nodes at the celiac axis. All available diagnostic procedures failed to identify any other site of ocular or cutaneous melanoma, the present case was considered as primary GI melanoma. Palliative chemotherapy was not possible because patient was extremely cachectic and she died one month later.
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PMID:Diffuse primary malignant melanoma of the upper gastrointestinal tract. 1986 3

Diffuse liver infiltration by melanoma of unknown primary origin is rare. We encountered a unique case of diffuse liver infiltration by melanoma of unknown primary origin in our hospital. A 62-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for anorexia of 6 months duration and abdominal distension for 1 month. Ultrasonography (US), computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an obvious enlarged liver without detectable nodules. She was diagnosed as liver metastasis by melanoma of unknown primary origin via percutaneous liver biopsy. The report demonstrates the difficulty of making a noninvasive diagnosis of diffuse hepatic infiltration on metastatic melanoma.
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PMID:Diffuse liver infiltration by melanoma of unknown primary origin: one case report and literature review. 2000 98


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