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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The fate of over 1,500 patients treated for malignant melanoma in Queensland, Australia, between 1963 and 1969 has been followed by the Queensland Melanoma Project (QMP). Aspects which have been studied and reported include yearly incidence (16 per 100,000), sex incidence (females 55%, males 45%), size of melanomas (73% less than 2.0 cm), prognosis related to sex, site and histological features, multiple primary cutaneous melanomas (more than 1 in 4.8% of patients), hereditary and immunological aspects and value of frozen section diagnosis in management. Continued education of the public and medical practitioners is essential to insure early diagnosis and appropriate management of patients with melanoma.
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PMID:The Queensland melanoma project. 59 56

Melanoma cells possess a special biochemical pathway for the conversion of L-dopa to melanin. Selective incorparation of exogenous L-dopa into melanoma cells in vivo has been limited by extensive decarboxylation to dopamine. Pretreatment of animals bearing the S-91 Cloudman or ACI melanomas with Ro4-4602, a potent dopa decarboxylase inhibitor limited incorporation of label into adrenal tissue and enhanced entry of label into tumor. Six hours following pretreatment, the ratio of tumor to adrenal specific activities was altered from 0.25 to 1.5 for the S-91 melanoma and 0.68 to 1.99 for the ACI melanoma indicating diversion of metabolism away from catecholamine formation. The possibility of a selective diagnostic and/or therapeutic approach is proposed.
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PMID:Enhancement of L-dopa incorporation into melanoma by dopa decarboxylase inhibition. 64 84

Concern has been voiced over a role for levodopa in the induction or stimulation of growth of cutaneous malignant melanoma. Prospective query of 1,099 patients of the Melanoma Clinical Cooperative Group at the time of presentation of their primary melanoma showed only one patient who had been taking levodopa. It was concluded that levodopa, if a factor in the induction of melanoma, must be playing an inconsequential role in the rapid rise in incidence observed for this tumor over the past decade.
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PMID:Levodopa therapy and malignant melanoma. 67 67

The prognostic significance of 2 histological parameters, level of invasion and maximum thickness is evaluated in 248 cases of malignant melanoma of the limbs staged T1-3NoMo which were collected for Trial No. 1 of the W.H.O. Collaborating Centres for the Evaluation of Methods of Diagnosis and Treatment of Melanoma between September 1967 and December 1974. There is a linear relation of tumor thickness to mortality with a high statistical significance (P = 0.0002). Mortality also increases with progression of the level of invasion. The incidence of occult metastases to the regional lymph nodes increases with increasing thickness or level of invasion. Moreover the age and sex corrected survival curves are also dependent on both parameters. The comparison of the 2 methods revealed that maximal tumor thickness is a more powerful measure of prognosis than is the determination of the level of invasion.
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PMID:Stage I melanoma of the limbs: assessment of prognosis by levels of invasion and maximum thickness. 67 57

Melanoma specific protein is immunologically related to altered naevus cell cytoplasm. It is excreted by patients with malignant melanoma but in no other malignancy. The protein has been detected in patients with actively developing halo naevi but not when repigmentation is taking place. It also occurs in patients with very active vitiligo but in no other pigment condition we have studied. It is suggested that the protein is a marker of active destruction of naevus cells by immune mechanisms and that the release of toxic materials during this immune reaction may be responsible for the production of the halo phenomenon and for the areas of vitiligo that may be seen elsewhere on the skin.
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PMID:Melanoma specific protein: occurrence in the urine of patients with halo naevus and vitiligo. 67 52

Cancers of the skin are not properly registered and our lack of precise knowledge of the influence of environmental factors is due both to a failure to report and a failure to attribute because many tumours are not recognised as due to environmental factors and escape notification due to lack of knowledge and teaching. The long latent period also interferes. The commonest cancer is squamous cell carcinoma followed by basal cell carcinoma. Melanoma is exceedingly rarely environmental. The main causative agents are: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), inorganic arsenic and ionising radiation. PAH induce 4 times more cancer of the scrotum in workers using cutting oils or pitch than expected. These subjects have also increased incidence of second primaries of both the skin and internal organs. The latent period varies from 20 years (exposure to coal tar) to 50 years or more (exposure to mineral oils). Exposure to pitch may result in 11 fold increase incidence of squamous cell carcinoma. Skin cancer due to arsenic is rare. It has been seen in sheep dip workers, in patients treated with Fowler's solution and in vineyard workers using arsenical pesticides and drinking contaminated wine. The latent period may go up to 60 years. Ionising radiation over 1,000 rems may cause basal and squamous cell carcinoma. The latent period varies from 7 weeks to 56 years (average 25--30 yrs).
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PMID:Influence of environmental factors excluding ultra violet radiation on the incidence of skin cancer. 71 79

New concepts on early recognition, classification and histopathology of malignant melanoma of the skin are discussed in this review. Melanoma research over the past years has lead to an essential change in attitude with regard to various problems posed by prognosis and therapy.
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PMID:[Diagnosis, pathology and therapy of malignant melanoma of the skin (author's transl)]. 78 45

Melanoma of the head and neck, if diagnosed early and treated with aggressive appropriate surgical therapy, is potentially curable in up to 80 to 90 per cent of the cases. The use of microscopic staging by level of invasion and thickness of the tumor is helpful in determining the appropriate surgical procedure for the individual patient and is of prognostic significance. If possible, prophylactic incontinuity regional node dissection should be performed for melanomas of the head and neck that have invaded to Level III or deeper, especially those that are greater than 1.5 mm in thickness. The histological status of the regional nodes is beneficial both therapeutically and prognostically, in that patients who have negative nodes have a better prognosis than those with microscopically positive nodes. Also, these patients with microscopically positive nodes have a much better survival than those with macroscopically positive nodes. Melanoma of the head and neck should be treated very aggressively with wide excision of the primary tumor in order to prevent local recurrence and further spread of the disease. Since surgical treatment is the only effective curative measure for melanoma, all localized tumor in the region of the primary and solitary distant metastasis should be removed if possible. The adjunctive use of chemotherapy and immunotherapy when regional nodes are involved with melanoma is being studied and may be of some benefit. The combinations of surgical therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy offers the patient with advanced disease significant palliation, sometimes for prolonged periods. The treatment of head and neck melanoma is best summarized by the statement in the December 4, 1965 of The Lancet.-.29 "The surgeon who first operates on a malignant melanoma has a great responsibility. Prompt and competent action will give the patient a chance of survival better than in most other forms of cancer. The only additional operative surgical skill required is the ability to cut and apply split skin grafts. If he lacks confidence therein, let the surgeon refer the case at once and certainly before he has ruined, by niggling interference, the patient's chance of survival."
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PMID:Cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck. 78 26

Of 358 eyes enucleated between 1962 and 1975, and found to contain posterior uveal melanomas, 31 had opaque media (8.6%). Eighteen of these patients with opaque media were seen between 1962 and 1971, before the use of combined ultrasonography and the radioactive phosphorus uptake (32P) test. Melanoma was unsuspected at enucleation in one third of these patients and there was often a long delay in diagnosis. Of the 13 patients seen between 1971 and 1975, after the initiation of combined ultrasonography and 32P) test, there was no delay in diagnosis becuase a melanoma pattern was recognized immediately with ultrasonography and confirmed with a positive 32P test. During the latter part of this study, 19 patients with opaque media had a "melanoma pattern" with ultrasonography. The 32P test was positive in 12 cases and a melanoma was confirmed histologically in every instance. The 32P test was negative in seven cases and all were documented on follow-up to have benign lesions, such as subretinal hemorrhages.
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PMID:The diagnosis of uveal malignant melanomas in eyes with opaque media. 83 73

Fortner's Melanotic Melanoma No 1 was inoculated into the right hindfoot of 86 golden hamsters. Three, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after inoculation, groups of hamsters underwent amputations at the ipsilateral hindhip to determine when pulmonary metastases initially occur. Upon subsequent sacrifice of the hamsters, pulmonary metastases were found to occur initially within 14 days of tumor inoculation.
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PMID:Chronicled metastases in a hamster melanoma. 84 52


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