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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During a follow-up period of six to 12 years, 15.4% of patients in the Queensland Melanoma Project (Q.M.P.) developed histologically proven secondary deposits in lymph nodes. The incidence rate in males (21%) was twice that in females (11%), but the mortality rate was similar (M., 67%; F., 61%). Thirty-two patients (2%) had positive nodes with no known primary lesion. Metastases developed in males with lesions on the foot (50%), on the thigh (29%), and on the back (22%); and in females with lesions on the lower leg (9%) and thigh (20%). About one-half of the nodes were removed at the time of treatment of the primary growth or within two months. Three-quarters were removed in the first year. However, it was found that tumour could remain dormant for more than eight years. Dormant tumours behaved in a similar aggressive fashion on regrowth as non-dormant secondaries. Nodal metastases were present in 5% of patients at the time of their first presentation with primary melanoma. Elective node dissections were done in 6% of males and 11% of females.
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PMID:Secondary malignant melanoma in lymph nodes: incidence, time of occurrence, and mortality. 27 55

Thirty-five vulvectomy specimens were obtained from post-mortem material and studied to assess the distribution of melanin pigment. The information obtained was compared with the melanin distribution in melanoma-in-situ and melanosis vulvae. A lesion had to be larger than 3mm before it was recognised clinically. Melanosis vulvae is but an exaggeration of the normal distribution of melanin pigment. Melanoma-in-situ, however, cannot be reliably distinguished from the benign causes of pigmentation on clinical grounds. The correct diagnosis can only be made histologically. Other causes of vulval pigmentation are also discussed.
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PMID:An assessment of vulval pigmentation. 28 51

Melanoma-associated antigens were isolated from human melanoma cells in long-term tissue culture and from the spent culture fluid of these cells propagated in chemically defined, serum-free media. The 3 M KCl extracts from such cells and their concentrated spent culture media elicited specific delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions in patients with malignant melanoma but not in patients with other neoplasms. HLA antigens present in these extracts could be specifically removed by ultracentrifugation in KBr at a density of 1.23 g/ml. Purification of melanoma-associated antigens was achieved by this step, followed by ion-exchange chromatography and preparative isoelectric focusing on Pevikon C870. Another approach is described for the isolation of carcionembryonic antigens from metastatic lesions with an approximately 70% yield utilizing the least denaturing procedures, which avoid lyophilization and involve essentially 0.9% NaCl solution extraction, specific adsorption, elution from concanavalin A Sepharose, and subsequent gel-exclusion chromatography on Ultrogel AcA 22. For effective isolation of carcinoembryonic antigens freely shed from cultured cells derived from a primary colon tumor, a system was devised based on the use of Amicon hollow fiber culture units, in which cultured tumor cells were introduced in the extracapiliary spaces of such a unit. The extracapillary fluid, containing carcinoembryonic antigens but no fetal calf serum components, is removed and further purified by affinity chromatography.
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PMID:Approaches for the isolation of biologically functional tumor-associated antigens. 30 32

Metastatic involvement of the gallbladder in melanoma is rare, but constitutes the most common metastatic lesion involving this organ. Two cases of metastatic melanoma to the gallbladder with radiographic evidence of gallbladder abnormality prior to surgery are presented. These cases are compared to the nine previously reported cases of metastatic melanoma to the gallbladder with abnormal cholecystograms. All eleven cases presented with signs and symptoms compatible with cholecystitis. Nine of the eleven patients had a previous melanoma primary and most had other extrabiliary metastases. Associated cholelithiasis appeared to be only incidental. In addition, nine reported cases of "primary" biliary melanoma were reviewed. Clinical and pathologic presentations in the latter cases were similar to the former cases with metastases. Seventy-eight percent had extrabiliary sites of metastasis at some time in the course of their disease, tending to refute the impression of "primary" biliary melanoma. Melanoma in the gallbladder is much more likely to have metastasized from a regressed skin primary than to have arisen de novo. The two reported cases and the 18 cases from the literature indicate that the physician must consider gallbladder metastasis in melanoma patients presenting with symptoms compatible with cholecystitis.
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PMID:Metastatic melanoma of the gallbladder. 38 9

This paper reports a case of malignant Melanoma in a 53 year old man with simultaneous development around the lesion of an acromic area with the characteristics of the so called Halo Navi phenomenon. Furthermore the patient presented lesions in other skin areas not related to apparent nevi. Microscopic tissue examination showed an inflammatory infiltrate in the depigmented zone which tended to surround and to include the melanoma periphery. This supports the conclusions of other publications linking these infiltrates with immunological phenomena tending to eliminate the tumor. A review is made of the new physiopathogenic criteria of the development of vitiligo.
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PMID:[Halo nevi and vitiligoid phenomena in a case of melanoma]. 39 35

Immunoglobulins were isolated by affinity chromatography from sera of two patients with melanoma, one with sarcoma, and one with carcinoma. The affinity columns were prepared by covalently linking the membrane-rich fraction of biopsied melanoma cells to cyanogen bromide-activated agarose beads. The membrane-rich fractions were prepared by two methods: (a) hypotonic cell lysis, and (b) homogenization and differential centrifugation. Melanoma sera were autologous to melanoma membrane preparations. The isolated immunoglobulins showed immunoreactivity against antigens prepared from melanoma, sarcoma, and carcinoma cells by complement fixation but not against antigens prepared from normal human liver and lung tissues. Absorption of the isolated immunoglobulins with rabbit anti-human immunoglobulin immunobeads resulted in complete elimination of the complement-fixing antibody titer in one instance, whereas reduction occurred in other samples. Similar absorption with rabbit anti-human immunoglobulin M immunobeads resulted in reduction, but not complete elimination, of the antibody titers against target tumor cell preparations. These results suggest the presence of immunoreactive immunoglobulin G in all immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin M in some. Absorption of the isolated immunoglobulins with cultured sarcoma cells reduced but did not completely abolish antibody activity against autologous or allogeneic melanoma target antigen, whereas it did completely abolish activity against sarcoma target antigen. However, absorption with cultured allogeneic melanoma cells abolished the antibody activity against melanoma as well as sarcoma target antigens. The antibody titers of the isolated immunoglobulins were not affected by absorption with cultured lymphoblastoid cells. Since cultured melanoma and sarcoma cells were known to contain oncofetal antigen(s), these results suggest that the isolated immunoglobulins from cancer sera by melanoma membrane affinity chromatography were of at least two specificities: (a) antioncofetal; and (b) antitumor associated. The former group may be comprised of antibody to cross-reactive antigens associated with different histological types of tumors. However, it was apparent that a portion of the antibody activity was against common tumor-associated antigen(s). These results provide further evidence for the presence of common antigen(s) associated with biopsy specimens of human malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Isolation and immunochemical characterization of antibodies from the sera of cancer patients which are reactive against human melanoma cell membranes by affinity chromatography. 42 6

Cl. onc. apathogenic for human beings and small animals is not able to cure tumor-bearing hosts. Combined treatments with local X-irradiation and local HFH have decreased the death rate of Harding-Passey-Melanoma-bearing mice. A cure rate of ca. 20% has resulted for the first time in such experiments. The survival time has increased significantly, however relapses occured on the sites of transplantation which finally killed the animals. Therefore it was tried to repeat the threefold-combined treatment. The animals with a relapse tolerated such a second and third series well. After the second series of treatment some animals became free of relapse and some after the third series. That means, if repeating treatment with local HFH, local X-irradiation, and i.v. spore-application of Cl. onc., it is possible to cure the Harding-Passey-Melanoma of the mouse at a high percentage.
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PMID:Further progress with oncolysis due to apathogenic clostridia. 44 77

A model for cell detachment which may influence metastasis in vivo is described involving the transfer of hamster melanoma cells from aggregates of those tumor cells to hamster fibroblast aggregates. The aggregates were made by the spontaneous association of cultured cells. Tumor and fibroblast aggregates were then incubated together but separated by a nylon net that allowed only single cells to pass. Melanoma cells rapidly separated from the tumor aggregates, crossed the net, and attached to the fibroblast aggregates, but fibroblast cells did not. This model of metastasis reflects the postulated role of cell-to-cell adhesion in metastasis and will allow further study of the role of cell attachments in metastasis.
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PMID:Transfer of tumor cells between cell aggregates as a model for adhesive changes in metastasis. 44

Stage I melanoma encompasses an extraordinary diversity of biologic behavior. In such a setting where numerous parameters appear to influence survival, a multifactorial analysis using Cox's regression model is a valuable statistical model. Using a computerized data base of 394 clinical stage I melanoma patients treated at this institution during the past 20 years, a multifactorial analysis was used to compare the relative prognostic strength of 11 parameters. Two pathological factors (tumor thickness and ulceration) and two clinial factors (initial surgical treatment and anatomic location) were identified as the dominant prognostic variables. Other factors examined simultaneously that did not provide additional predictive influence on survival included the level of invasion, pigmentation, growth pattern, lymphocyte infiltration, pathological state, sex, and age. Melanoma thickness was the most important factor for predicting survival in patients with stage I melanoma (P less than 10(-8). This parameter is easy to measure and provides a quantitative estimate of clinically occult regional and distant metastases. Contrary to other reports using single factor analysis, the type of initial surgical treatment, in fact, did influence survival after other variables were taken into consideration. Thus the multifactorial analysis supports the observation that patients with intermediate thickness melanoma thickness of 1.5 to 3.99 mm had a 78% 8-year survival rate with wide excision of the melanoma and elective node dissection, while none survived more than 8 years if a melanoma of the same thickness was only widely excised. Multifactorial analysis is a useful and important statistical method when comparing treatment alternatives and prognostic factors in patients with melanoma.
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PMID:A multifactorial analysis of melanoma. II. Prognostic factors in patients with stage I (localized) melanoma. 46 79

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 32 patients with malignant melanoma were tested for cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) against cultured autologous melanoma cells. Effector cells were prepared from venous blood by defibrination, gel sedimentation, nylon column filtration, and lysis of remaining erythrocytes with NH4Cl. Melanoma cells prelabelled with [3H])proline were used as target cells in a 40-h assay and CMC was evaluated against standards obtained with blood lymphocytes from the least reactive normal donor. Reproducible autologous CMC was detected in 18 of 32 patients in a series of 367 total tests. CMC correlated with tumor volume (5-500 cm3) but not with tumor stage or DNCB reactivity. Preliminary results indicated that autologous CMC was not affected by treatment with DTIC, dexamethasone, intralesional BCG, radiation therapy, or partial surgical excision. Lack of consistent CMC in 14 patients could not be attributed to a measurable decrease in general immune capacity or to increased resistance of the patients' melanoma cells to CMC in general. Fibroblasts were more resistant to CMC than melanoma cells, and therefore of questionable value for defining specificity in direct tests.
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PMID:Cell-mediated cytotoxicity for cultured autologous melanoma cells. 47 90


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