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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical observations showed that the natural history of sarcomatous lesions may be different among males and females, and it may be influenced by hormonal factors. Estrogen receptors (ER) were measured on biopsy specimens of melanoma (two patients), soft-tissue sarcoma (four patients), cystosarcoma phylloides (five patients), benign breast tissues (27 patients), and breast carcinoma (109 patients). Thirty-four specimens also had progesterone receptors (PR) analyzed. One of the five cystosarcoma phylloides and five of the six nonmammary sarcoma tissues contained ER (mainly of the 4 Svedburg (S) variety) of more than 7 femtomoles (fmoles)/mg cytosol proteins (6/11 = 54%). For comparison three of the 14 fibroadenoma specimens and two of the 13 patients with other benign lesions had positive ERs (5/27 = 19%), whereas 56% of the breast carcinomas were ER positive. Since the amount of 8S ER found in sarcomatous tissues is relatively low, hormonal treatment would not be effective.
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PMID:Steroid receptors in sarcomatous lesions. 22 50

An evaluation of general immunologic reactivity was performed in 116 patients with malignant melanoma and in 40 patients with skeletal and soft tissue sarcoma who received adjunctive immunotherapy. An excellent correlation was observed between delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to DNCB and the clinical extent of malignancy. Eighty percent of patients with Stage I disease were DNCB positive, whereas only 37% of Stage III patients were reactive on initial testing. A method for sequential evaluation of DNCB response was established, and revealed that variations in immune reactivity occurred that also correlated with the patient's clinical course. Persistence of nonreactivity to DNCB or conversion from a reactive to an anergic status was associated with postoperative recurrence in more than 80% of the patients. Conversely, conversion from an anergic to a reactive status was observed if tumor control was achieved. These results indicate that the defect in systemic immunity is closely associated with tumor cell burden, and that sequential evaluation of DNCB reactivity is a clinically useful monitor of disease progression.
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PMID:Sequential evaluation of general immune competence in cancer patients: correlation with clinical course. 23 94

Sera from 30 patients with astrocytoma were tested for antibody reacting with cell surface antigens of cultured autologous astrocytoma cells. Ten percent of the patients had antibody detectable by mixed hemadsorption assays, approximately 50% by immune adherence and protein A assays, and 100% by anti-C3-mixed hemadsorption assays. Absorption analysis of reactive sera with autologous, allogeneic, and xenogeneic cells permitted the definition of three classes of astrocytoma cell surface antigens. Class I antigens showed an absolute restriction to autologous astrocytoma cells. Class II antigens were shared by all astrocytomas tested and could be detected also on neuroblastoma, sarcoma, and some (but not all) melanoma cell lines; these antigens were not found on cell lines derived from carcinomas or normal tissues. Class III antigens were widely distributed on cultured normal and malignant cells of human and animal origin. In this series, sera from 2 patients recognized class I antigens, 4 patients' serum recognized class II antigens, and 13 patients' sera recognized class III antigens. Absorption tests have shown that the AJ (class II) antigen of astrocytoma is serologically related to the previously described AH (class II) antigen of melanoma; in tests of nine melanoma cell lines, there was a correspondence between the AJ and AH phenotypes. This method of autologous typing provides a way to classify the cell surface antigens of astrocytomas and to assess the clinical significance of humoral immunity to these antigens.
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PMID:Serological analysis of cell surface antigens of malignant human brain tumors. 28 20

Mouse NS-1 myeloma cells were fused with spleen cells from mice that had been immunized with cells from a human melanoma, M1804. Hybrid cells were grown in selective medium and tested for production of antibody to surface antigens of M1804 cells. Three hybrids that produced antibodies that bound to the melanoma cells but not to autologous skin fibroblasts were cloned. Antibodies produced by two of the clones were cytotoxic to M1804 cells in the presence of rabbit complement. Extensive specificity tests showed that the antibodies produced by the clones bound strongly only to M1804 cells; significant, although weaker, binding occurred with 2 of 11 allogeneic melanomas. Apart from weak binding of the antibody produced by one of the clones to a breast carcinoma, binding assays of five carcinomas, one sarcoma, and fibroblasts from 17 individuals were negative, as were cytotoxic tests of 10 lymphoblastoid cell lines and peripheral blood lymphocytes from 68 normal donors and 12 chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. This suggests that we have identified one or more determinants of a melanoma-associated antigen(s), whose expression is limited to a small proportion of melanomas.
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PMID:Cell surface antigens of human melanoma identified by monoclonal antibody. 28 77

Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein, SP1, was measured in serum by competitive double antibody radioimmunoassay. Very low levels of SP1 or SP1-like activity were found in only 2 out of 85 sera from patients with cancer of the digestive tract, breast cancer, melanoma, and sarcoma, in 2 out of 11 sera from patients with infectious diseases, and in none out of 15 sera from non-pregnant healthy individuals. SP1 thus does not seem to be ectopically produced in vivo by the types of cancer studied, but is probably highly specific for the normal and malignant trophoblast.
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PMID:Is SP1 (pregnancy specific beta 1 glycoprotein) elevated in cancer patients? 31 95

Percutaneous aspiration biopsies of opacified retroperitoneal lymph nodes, and retroperitoneal, intraperitoneal and paraspinal masses were successfully accomplished in 14 of 17 patients. A 23-guage needle was utilized for the procedure which is performed under fluoroscopic guidance. Metastatic carcinoma, sarcoma and melanoma were readily identified by aspiration biopsy while the diagnosis of lymphoma, especially as to type, was more difficult. No significant complications have resulted from the passage of the needle through the peritoneal cavity.
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PMID:Transperitoneal percutaneous retroperitoneal lymph node aspiration biopsy. 31 96

Animal tumor models for blood-borne metastasis have been developed by in vitro cloning or in vivo selection of malignant tumor cell populations to obtain organ-preferring variant tumor cell lines with altered arrest, survival, invasion, and growth properties. Selection and some tumor cell characteristics of lung-, brain-, and ovary-colonizing metastatic B16 melanoma, liver-colonizing RAW114 lymphosarcoma, and lung-colonizing MSV3T3 vasoformative sarcoma variant lines will be discussed along with additional data, suggesting that tumor cells of varying malignant potential preeexist in the unselected tumor population.
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PMID:Specificity of arrest, survival, and growth of selected metastatic variant cell lines. 35 32

An immunopotentiating factor associated with spleen cells of C57BL/6J mice bearing the 3LL tumor is described. Supernatants of cultured spleen cells from tumor-bearing mice (TBM) augmented the generation of both 19S and 7S antibody-producing cells, when injected with sheep erythrocytes into syngeneic C57BL/6J mice. The enhancing supernatant acted both as a polyclonal activator, when injected in the absence of antigen, and as a potentiator of specific antigen-dependent humoral immune responses, when injected in the presence of antigen. It was found to augment induction of specific memory, but not memory expression. Concomitantly with their influence on humoral immune responses, TBM spleen cell supernatants enhanced tumor growth when injected, mixed with 3LL tumor cells, into syngeneic recipients. The secretion of a factor which augments antibody production was not confined to the 3LL tumor system. Spleen supernatants of C47BL mice carrying the B16 melanoma and those of C3H mice carrying the KHT sarcoma had a similar effect on antibody production. These findings suggest that an immunoregulatory factor(s) appears in spleen cells of TBM as a result of their interaction with the neoplastic tissue. This factor can potentiate production of antibodies, possibly also against tumor-associated antigens. The relevance of the immunopotentiating effects of such factor(s) to tumor growth is discussed.
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PMID:An immunoregulatory factor associated with spleen cells from tumor-bearing animals. I. Effect on tumor growth and antibody production. 35 90

Human melanoma cells were examined in an indirect membrane immunofluorescence assay for surface nerve growth factor (NGF) and NGF receptors. This assay revealed that human melanoma cells have various levels of NGF and NGF receptors on the plasma membrane, whereas a variety of human sarcoma and carcinoma tumor cells and normal human fibroblasts are negative. Surface NGF could be detected on melanoma cells with a rabbit antiserum directed to NGF at titers as high as 1:64; prior adsorption of this antibody with mouse 2.5S NGF resulted in a loss of fluorescence. The melanoma cells were positive whether or not they were grown in the presence of fetal calf serum. NGF production by human melanomas is a previously unrecognized property of this differentiated cell type. Although other cells in culture have been shown to produce NGF, the association of NGF production with the presence of NGF receptors on the cell surface is rare among tumor cells, and may represent an opportunity for "autostimulation" of melanoma cells by this growth factor.
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PMID:Human melanoma cells have both nerve growth factor and nerve growth factor-specific receptors on their cell surfaces. 37 35

Serum tyrosinase activity has been measured by adapting the [3]tyrosine assay for tyrosinase and significant elevations of serum tyrosinase activity were found in patients with malignant melanoma. In contrast to findings in a study which utilized [14C]tyrosine, augmented levels of tyrosinase activity were not observed in sera from patients with other malignancies, including subjects with carcinoma of the breast. The results of the examinations for soluble tyrosinase activity in human malignant melanoma tissue-cultured lines were all positive, whereas human cell lines from carcinoma of the breast, carcinoma of the colon and sarcoma uniformly showed no activity. The method employed for detecting tyrosinase activity holds promise as a specific diagnostic test and may be valuable for monitoring the response to clinical treatment of patients with malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Tyrosinase activity in the sera of patients with malignant melanoma: method and specificity. 41 60


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