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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Second malignant neoplasms were evaluated among 32,251 women with ovarian cancer, including 4,402 10-year survivors, within the nine population-based registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute (1973-1992) and the Connecticut Tumor Registry (1935-1972). Overall, 1,296 second cancers occurred against 1,014 expected [observed/expected (O/E), 1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.21-1.35]. Sites contributing 25 or more excess cancers included leukemia (O/E, 4.17; O, 111; 95% CI, 3.43-5.03) and malignancies of colon (O/E, 1.33; O, 188; 95% CI, 1.15-1.54), rectum (O/E, 1.43; O, 76; 95% CI, 1.13-1.79), breast (O/E, 1.18; O, 404; 95%, CI 1.07-1.30), and bladder (O/E, 2.07; O, 65; 95% CI, 1.59-2.63). Ocular melanoma (O/E, 4.45; O, 8; 95% CI, 1.92-8.77) was also significantly increased. Second cancer risk was high during all follow-up intervals, and cumulative risk at 20 years was 18.2%, compared with a population expected risk of 11.5%. Statistically significant relationships existed between serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary and breast cancer (O/E, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.06-1.56) and mucinous ovarian adenocarcinoma and rectal cancer (OE/E, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.09-3.22). Secondary leukemia appeared linked with antecedent chemotherapy, whereas radiotherapy was associated with cancers of connective tissue, bladder, and possibly pancreas. Genetic and reproductive factors predisposing to ovarian cancer may have contributed to the elevated risk of breast and colorectal neoplasms and possibly ocular melanoma. Thus, excess malignancies following ovarian cancer represent complications of curative therapies and/or underlying susceptibility states that have etiological and clinical ramifications.
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PMID:Second malignant neoplasms among long-term survivors of ovarian cancer. 860 3

Cutaneous metastases from primary ocular melanoma are not well characterized in the literature, and the occurrence of cutaneous metastases in the absence of other systemic involvement is distinctly uncommon. A case of primary ocular malignant melanoma is reported in which the only evidence of metastatic disease initially was skin lesions that simulated cutaneous blue nevi. Knowledge of this patient's history of ocular malignant melanoma coupled with a review of the clinical and histopathologic specimens was necessary to arrive at the diagnosis. This case illustrates and characterizes an unusual presentation of cutaneous metastases of primary ocular melanoma.
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PMID:Cutaneous metastasis of ocular malignant melanoma. An unusual presentation simulating blue nevi. 950 80

Melanoma patients with very advanced disease have usually not been included in chemo-immunotherapy trials. We report on 22 melanoma patients, including 5 with reduced performance status (Karnofsky PS < 70), 8 with metastatic ocular melanoma, 6 with brain metastases, and 4 who had pretreatment with interleukin-2. These were treated with a combination regimen of dacarbazine (250 mg/m2, days 1-3), cisplatin (30 mg/m2, days 1-3), interferon-alpha 2a (IFN-alpha, 10 Mio IU/m2 s.c., days 1-5) and IL-2 (i.v., 18 Mio IU/m2 for 6, 12, 24 h, followed by 13.5 Mio IU/m2 in 72 h). In the case of brain metastases radiotherapy was added. No grade IV toxicity occurred and no dose reductions were necessary. 21 patients were evaluable for response. 6 (29%) had disease progression, 5 (24%) had partial response and 10 (48%), had stable disease. Sites of response included skin, lymph nodes, muscle, lung, pleura, liver, pancreas, adrenal gland and brain. The described treatment schedule is safe and active even in patients with metastatic melanoma and poor prognosis.
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PMID:A phase II study of dacarbazine, cisplatin, interferon-alpha and high-dose interleukin-2 in 'poor-risk' metastatic melanoma. 891 Nov 13

The number of reports of malignant complications of human immunodeficiency virus infection is increasing. Cutaneous melanoma has been previously reported in five patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, but no cases of ocular melanoma have been documented. We describe the first case of ocular melanoma reported in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
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PMID:Ocular melanoma and human immunodeficiency virus infection. 895 75

The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of radioimmunoscintigraphy (RIS) with monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to detect primary ocular melanoma and its relapses and metastases. The authors studied nineteen patients (9 men and 10 women), aged 24 to 74 who were suspected of having ocular pigmented tumors by means of RIS. The authors used F(ad)2-fragments of monoclonal antibodies against high molecular weight-melanoma associated antigen, labeled with Tc-99m (activity 370-555 MBq). Planar and SPECT imaging were performed at 6, 12, and 24 hours. The sensitivity of the method was 78.6%; the specificity was 100%; and the accuracy was 84.2%. The results obtained suggest that RIS is a highly specific and sensitive technique in the differential diagnosis of malignant ocular melanoma.
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PMID:Radioimmunoscintigraphy in patients with ocular melanoma. 899 69

Chromosome 9p21 contains a susceptibility gene for cutaneous melanoma. Recent studies suggest that the gene responsible may be CDK41, since it encodes a putative cell cycle inhibitor, p16, and is frequently lost or rearranged in melanoma cell lines. In this study we examined whether germline alterations in CDK41 could be identified in patients with melanoma of the uveal tract. From an archive of bloods collected from patients with uveal melanoma, we identified 13 samples drawn from patients with a history in a family member of uveal (n = 6) or cutaneous (n = 7) melanoma. An additional 24 'control' bloods (without melanoma or any other primary malignancy in a family member), similar to the 'cases' in age and number of first-degree relatives, were also selected for study. For each sample, DNA was extracted from the red blood cell fraction. Using the polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism method, we screened for alterations in p16. Specific changes were characterized by DNA sequencing. Six nucleotide changes were detected in five (13.5%) of the 37 samples examined. An altered gene was found in one (7.7%) of the 13 patients with a family history (of intra-ocular melanoma) and four (16.7%) of the 24 patients with no family history (P = 0.64) of melanoma. In this series the group with a positive family history was predominantly female and most pedigrees involved matrilineal descent. In these data prevalence of germline alteration in p16 was similar in familial and sporadic cases. The results provide evidence against a significant role for p16 in familial clustering of intra-ocular and cutaneous melanomas.
Melanoma Res 1996 Dec
PMID:Constitutional alterations in p16 in patients with uveal melanoma. 901 77

Our objective was to investigate whether photodynamic therapy (PDT) influences the expression of HLA Class I and beta 2-microglobulin molecules on cultured uveal melanoma cells. Uveal melanoma cells were incubated with hematoporphyrin esters (HPE) and illuminated using red light. HLA expression on cells was determined by flowcytometry. PDT treatment induced an immediate reduction in expression of HLA Class I and beta 2-microglobulin, followed by a transient increase in expression after 2 h. Normalization occurred after 6 h. Treatment of ocular melanoma cells with PDT temporally alters the expression of HLA Class I and beta 2-microglobulin, which may affect anti-tumor-immune responses.
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PMID:Decreased expression of HLA class I on ocular melanoma cells following in vitro photodynamic therapy. 906 34

Ocular melanomas arise from the choroid. The results of our study of a total of 92 ocular melanomas would indicate that there is no preferential location for tumors on the eye. We estimated the ultraviolet (UV) radiation dose distribution using data available in the literature. We then compared tumor location and UV-radiation dose distribution. UVC and UVB do not reach the choroid, and UVA is filtered by the cornea and the lens. Only a small percentage of the incoming rays reach the posterior and inferior part of the retina, but none reach the superior and anterior part of the eye. We concluded that it is therefore very unlikely that UV-radiation exposure is responsible for choroidal melanoma.
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PMID:Lack of correlation between the location of choroidal melanoma and ultraviolet-radiation dose distribution. 909 25

Patients with primary ocular tumors are seen infrequently in the medical profession, and most of these patients are referred to specialty centers which has resulted in a good study population. In the past, ocular tumors were treated with enucleation, but the current emphasis is now on organ preservation with sparing of all or partial visual acuity. In the management of these tumors, plaque brachytherapy and particle beam therapy have been used more frequently as an alternative to enucleation. A multi-institutional study, the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS), is currently underway, organized by the National Eye Institute. The COMS isotope of choice is Iodine-125 (I-125). Recurrence after plaque therapy is approximately 15%, although it may be as high as 37% at 15 years for metastatic disease. In one study, nondiffuse iris melanoma has been controlled in 93% of patients by custom plaques utilizing I-125. Plaque brachytherapy also utilizes I-125 for the treatment of retinoblastoma tumors either as primary therapy or following external beam radiation. Currently, through the utilization of plaque radiation therapy, enucleation may be avoided in the majority of patients, and many patients may retrieve some visual acuity. We will review plaque brachytherapy techniques, diagnosis, staging, and some of the pertinent literature of the two most frequently encountered primary ocular tumors: choroidal melanoma, sometimes referred to as uveal melanoma, with an incidence of approximately 1,500 new cases per year in the adult population; and retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular primary malignancy found in childhood, with a frequency of approximately 250 [corrected] new cases per year.
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PMID:Brachytherapy in primary ocular tumors. 914 54

Hyperthermia is used as a new treatment modality for ocular melanoma. We wondered whether this treatment would affect the antigenicity of melanoma cells and studied the effect of hyperthermia on the expression of histocompatibility antigens (HLA), beta 2-microglobulin, as well as heat-shock proteins (HSP-60 and HSP-70) on choroidal melanoma cells. Uveal melanoma cell lines were exposed to different temperatures (39-45 degrees C) in a waterbath. Antigen expression was determined with fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, using monoclonal antibodies against HLA and HSP. In a 51Cr-release cytotoxicity assay we studied the effect of heat on natural killer (NK) cell susceptibility. Exposure to 45 degrees C for 30 min reduced expression of HLA class I antigens and beta 2-microglobulin. A greater reduction was observed after longer exposure times. Expression of HSP-70 was increased after exposure to 45 degrees C at all time intervals, while expression of HSP-60 was not induced by heat treatment. We did not find a significant difference in the NK cell susceptibility between heated and unheated cells. Hyperthermia has a time- and temperature-dependent effect on expression of HLA class I and HSP-70 molecules on the cell surface of uveal melanoma cells. Hyperthermia did not alter the susceptibility to NK cell lysis.
Melanoma Res 1997 Apr
PMID:Effect of hyperthermia on expression of histocompatibility antigens and heat-shock protein molecules on three human ocular melanoma cell lines. 916 75


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