Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) is an international, multicenter-controlled study. The organization includes an Executive Committee, Steering Committee, 6 Central Units, 32 Clinical Centers, and a Data and Safety Monitoring Committee. Scientifically, the COMS consists of (1) a randomized trial of patients with medium choroidal melanoma treated with enucleation versus iodine-125 plaque irradiation, (2) a randomized trial of patients with large choroidal melanoma treated with enucleation versus preenucleation external beam irradiation and enucleation, and (3) a prospective observational study of patients with small choroidal melanoma to determine whether a randomized trial of treatment is appropriate. In design and conduct of the COMS, special consideration is given to biostatistics and sample size considerations, iodine-125 plaque irradiation of choroidal melanoma, and coordinated ocular melanoma research. Recruitment is in progress. However, the pool of eligible patients is limited and the COMS needs the continued support and cooperation of ophthalmologists throughout the United States and Canada.
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PMID:Enucleation versus plaque irradiation for choroidal melanoma. 317 30

S-100 protein is a 21,000 dalton acidic calcium-binding protein present in ocular melanomas and some normal ocular tissues. Ocular fluids and extracts of ocular tumours were examined by a sensitive radioimmunoassay that could detect less than 5 ng of S-100 protein in minute volumes of fluid. Three ocular melanoma biopsy specimens had S-100 protein at levels between 25 and 1300 ng/ml, comparable to that found in a cutaneous melanoma biopsy specimen (1000 ng/ml). (SI conversion: ng/ml = microgram/l.) Six melanoma culture lines had 1000 to 125,000 ng/ml. Four lymphoblastoid cultures had less than 2 ng/ml, and three colon carcinoma cultures had 180 ng/ml. Subretinal fluid from 23 melanoma-containing eyes had 10 to 76,800 ng/ml. Lesser amounts were found in eyes with small, anteriorly located, lightly pigmented tumours. Vitreous from 3 melanoma-containing eyes had 10,000 to 11,000 ng/ml. Vitreous obtained from three eyes during tractional retinal detachment repair had 500 to 1600 ng/ml, and vitreous obtained at necropsy from six normal eyes had 2 to 120 ng/ml. Aqueous from six melanoma-containing eyes had 10 to 30 ng/ml, levels not significantly different from those observed in three normal eyes (80-120 ng/ml). This approach provides new insight into the interaction of ocular tumours and adjacent ocular fluids and may, with more specific tumour markers, have diagnostic applications.
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PMID:Detection and quantification of S-100 protein in ocular tissues and fluids from patients with intraocular melanoma. 320 66

It can be difficult to distinguish between various forms of pale intraocular tumour, and in particular between an amelanotic malignant melanoma, a choroidal haemangioma, and a solitary metastasis. If a monoclonal antibody specific for melanoma could be identified, it might be radiolabelled to provide a scanning technique which could distinguish between an ocular melanoma and a similar lesion. This pilot, in vitro study was undertaken to determine if monoclonal antibody against cutaneous melanoma recognises any antigenic similarity in ocular melanomas. Three cutaneous melanoma MoAbs 225.28S, 376.96S, and 763-24T and a non-specific MoAb HMFG2 were studied. Cell impressions were obtained from fresh ocular malignant melanomas. Standard staining techniques with immunofluorescence were used. MoAb 225.28S, 376.96S, and 763.24T were positive in melanomas with a dominant epithelioid cell type and in those with a dominant spindle cell type. It is concluded that MoAb 225.28S, 376.96S, and 763.24T may be suitable for imaging ocular melanomas after labelling with 123I, 111In, or 99mTc.
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PMID:Characterisation of ocular melanoma with cutaneous melanoma antibodies. 331 Nov 40

A rare combination of ocular melanoma with chronic myeloid leukemia was registered in a 61-year-old woman. The case history was not properly assessed in due time, therefore, the reason of ophthalmectomy was not identified leading to misdiagnosis. Neither chemotherapy nor radiation treatment was administered that permitted the author to establish a metachronous character of the primary malignancies. Melanoma was also uncommon for spindle cell components prone to late dissemination, specific alveoli resembling nevoid structures. There were metastases to the spleen.
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PMID:[Ocular melanoma associated with lymphocytic leukemia]. 337

A blind painful eye may harbour an unsuspected malignant melanoma. We report a case of ocular melanoma that presented with confusion owing to direct extension via the optic nerve into the anterior cranial fossa.
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PMID:Intracerebral metastases from ocular melanoma. 337 19

Four cases of malignant neoplasia in captive wild birds are described: an adenocarcinoma of the adrenal gland in a Mountain duck (Tadorna tadornoides), a malignant melanoma in the thoracic cavity of a Combed duck (Sarkidiornis melanotos), a hepatocellular carcinoma with pulmonary metastasis in an Asian Purple Swamphen (Porphyrio porphyrio), and an undifferentiated carcinoma in the abdomen with metastasis to skeletal muscle in a White-Breasted Waterhen (Amaurornis phoenicurus). The tumors were diagnosed during a 1-year period and represented an incidence of neoplasia of 3.1%. These appear to be the first documented cases of a malignant adrenal gland tumor and a non-ocular melanoma in the order Anseriformes. The hepatocellular carcinoma failed to react with an immunoperoxidase stain for alphafetoprotein.
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PMID:Four cases of neoplasia in captive wild birds. 357 89

[123I]-5-iodo-2-thiouracil (123I-ITU) was evaluated as a radiopharmaceutical for tumor detection in 10 patients with proven choroidal melanoma. Uptake of 123I-ITU was measured with a specially designed single eye probe collimator, 24 h after administration of 123I-ITU. Increased uptake in the tumor-bearing eye as compared to the fellow nontumor bearing eye was found in 7 out of 10 cases when the probe was located 3.5 cm in front of the eye (p less than 0.01). By using a double pinhole collimator tests were positive in 3 out of 10 123I-ITU studies only. Tests with 123I-ITU were compared with 67Ga tests in the same patients. The 67Ga tests with the single eye probe collimator were positive in 6 out 10 cases when the probe was located 6 cm in front of the eye. With the double pinhole collimator tests were positive in 7 out of 10 67Ga studies. It is concluded that 123I-labeled thiouracil is at least as useful as a radiopharmaceutical for ocular melanoma diagnosis as 67Ga-citrate, provided measurements are performed with a single eye probe.
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PMID:Scintimetric detection of choroidal malignant melanoma with [123I]-5-iodo-2-thiouracil. 358 80

Successful treatment of ocular tumours by chemotherapy and radiotherapy is sometimes limited by the special nature of the eye. Improvement is needed to avoid enucleation. Previous studies using locally administered antineoplastic agents have given promising results in the treatment of experimental ocular melanoma and spontaneous lymphoma. Another approach is use of radiosensitizers to improve radiotherapeutic effect. For the present study, 5-thio-D-glucose and cis-platin were chosen for evaluation in an ocular system because they exhibit antitumour activity, and interaction with radiation, particularly in hypoxia. Ocular absorption, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics after subconjunctival administration in rabbits were determined, and the effect of drug on tumours was measured using a Greene melanoma model. CHO cells were used for complimentary in vitro studies. 5-thio-D-glucose was readily absorbed into the eye (300 mg resulting in 5 mM in the aqueous) with no observable toxicity. When 5TG (300 mg) was administered at implantation, tumours were approximately half the size of controls. 5 mM 5TG is toxic to extremely hypoxic cells and gives measurable radiosensitization. Cis-platin levels as high as 0.68 microM were attained in the aqueous without local toxicity after 400 micrograms injection. This concentration causes toxicity in vitro. Cis-platin (400 mg) had a larger effect on tumour growth than 5TG given at, or one week after, implantation. Cis-platin may have potential for treatment of ocular tumours by local injection.
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PMID:Response of an ocular melanoma to subconjunctival injection of 5-thio-D-glucose or cis-platin. 360 43

Although orbital extension from ocular melanoma occurs frequently in advanced cases, orbital metastasis from cutaneous melanoma has been reported but eight times previously. We have reported two such cases. One of the patients had three previous primary melanomas; the other had metastasis to the cauda equina. Both patients died when orbital involvement developed years after the initial lesions. Ours are the first cases to include CT and MRI findings in metastatic orbital melanoma.
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PMID:Orbital metastasis from cutaneous melanoma. 377 74

A 52-year-old woman presented with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy five years after undergoing enucleation for ocular melanoma. She was first treated by corticotherapy and azathioprine and had two successive remissions over an 18-month period. Lymph node biopsy performed when lymphadenopathy relapsed for the second time showed focal malignant transformation of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Intensive polychemotherapy induced a complete remission. Three months after completion of chemotherapy, the patient presented with hepatic metastases from her melanoma and died shortly thereafter. This is believed to be the first documented association between angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy and melanoma. Issues regarding the relationship between angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy and nonlymphoid malignancies are raised.
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PMID:Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with malignant transformation during long-term remission of ocular melanoma. 382 9


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