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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A summary is given of data on the clinical experience with the anti-melanoma antibody 225.28S in ophthalmology and the tissue expression of the high molecular weight-melanoma associated antigen in choroidal melanoma. Results are discussed in relation to other detection methods for ocular melanoma currently employed by the ophthalmologist.
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PMID:The clinical status of immunoscintigraphy with monoclonal antibodies in ocular melanoma. 185 14

Ocular melanoma is characterized by an unpredictable clinical course, during which fulminant metastatic disease may occur after a prolonged disease-free interval. The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of metastatic involvement in this disease. The clinical and radiologic findings in 110 patients with metastatic ocular melanoma were reviewed. The 54 men and 56 women were 24-79 years old (mean, 50 years) when the primary tumor was first diagnosed. Metastases were present in three patients at the time of first diagnosis and occurred in 107 patients 2 months to 36 years later (mean, 52 months). One hundred five patients died between 1 and 38 months after the onset of metastatic disease. Hepatic metastases developed in 101 patients (92%), and in 60 (55%) of these, the liver was the only organ involved initially. Pulmonary parenchymal metastases developed in 34 patients (31%), but in only four of them were metastases confined to the lungs. Twenty-five patients (23%) had bone involvement, mostly affecting the spine. Nineteen patients (17%) had skin or subcutaneous metastases, but in only two of them was this the initial finding. Nodal involvement was shown in 15 patients (14%), almost always associated with extensive hepatic metastases. Brain and adrenal metastases were seen in five and three patients, respectively. Hepatic involvement occurs in almost all patients who develop metastatic ocular melanoma, and the liver is the most common initial site of metastatic involvement. Metastases may develop after a long disease-free interval.
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PMID:The prevalence and location of metastases from ocular melanoma: imaging study in 110 patients. 195 Aug 83

Radioimmunodetection has been shown to be an invaluable method in the diagnosis of primary and metastatic malignant disease. Fourteen patients, consisting of four men and 10 women with clinical suspicion of metastatic malignant melanoma or ocular melanoma were prospectively evaluated with the technique. Ten (71%) had positive and four (29%) had negative scintigrams. There was one false-positive scintigram. The overall sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 80%, respectively. SPET was necessary for the radioimmunodetection of patients with ocular melanoma. Combined immunoscintigraphy and immunolymphoscintigraphy enhanced the diagnosis of small, cutaneous melanoma and metastatic lymph node disease.
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PMID:Radioimmunodetection of human melanoma. 211 27

In the 3-year period during which patients were enrolled into the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study, 413 eyes with clinical diagnoses of choroidal melanoma were examined histopathologically as of December 31, 1989. Four hundred eleven of these eyes were found to be diagnosed correctly. One eye, removed after preoperative external beam radiation, was found to have a hemangioma. The second eye, removed after radioactive iodine plaque placement, was described as a magnocellular nevus (melanocytoma) by four of the five pathologists on the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Pathology Review Committee. The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study misdiagnosis rate of 0.48% is the lowest ever reported. The major challenge with regard to posterior uveal melanomas is no longer that of correct diagnosis but rather determination of the optimal treatment.
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PMID:Accuracy of diagnosis of choroidal melanomas in the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study. COMS report no. 1. 220 83

Radiation has provided excellent local control rates in choroidal melanoma, but significant impairment in visual acuity has occurred in 30-60% of patients due in part to the development of radiation vasculopathy in the fovea and optic disc. Hyperthermia has been shown to have a synergistic effect when added to radiation therapy in human malignancies. The use of hyperthermia in ocular melanoma may allow a reduction in the total radiation dose necessary to achieve local control. A 2450-MHz microwave plaque applicator with integral surface cooling was used to deliver hyperthermia treatments to rabbit eyes containing choroidal melanomas. Extensive thermal mapping was done in acute eyes. In 18 survival animals, a single 23-G needle thermocouple probe with three sensors was inserted into the tumor. Target temperatures of 41.0-46.0 degrees C were maintained for 1 hour. All tumor-bearing eyes were followed for 1 month after treatment, or until tumor growth was noted, with serial ultrasound measurements and visual examinations. A 92% response rate was obtained in tumors treated at temperatures greater than 43.0 degrees C for 1 hour with no significant toxicity. Heat alone has significant tumoricidal properties in this animal model.
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PMID:Microwave hyperthermia for choroidal melanoma in rabbits. 221 Oct 23

Uptake of iodine-123-iodoamphetamine has been demonstrated in malignant melanoma using planar imaging techniques and has been used to detect an ocular melanoma at 12 hr postinjection. Using SPECT technique, an ocular melanoma is identified in a 64-yr-old male at 1 hr postinjection.
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PMID:Ocular melanoma: detection using iodine-123-iodoamphetamine and SPECT imaging. 230 11

Brachytherapy using removable episcleral plaques containing sealed radioisotope sources is being studied as an alternative to enucleation in the treatment of choroidal melanoma and other tumors of the eye. Encouraging early results have been reported, but late complications which lead to loss of vision continue to be a problem. A randomized national study, the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) is currently in progress to evaluate the procedure. The COMS specified isotope is 125I. Precise dosimetric calculations near the plaque may correlate strongly with complications and could also be used to optimize isotope loading patterns in the plaques. A microcomputer based treatment planning system has been developed for ophthalmic plaque brachytherapy. The program incorporates an interactive, 3-dimensional, solid-surface, color-graphic interface. The program currently supports 125I and 192Ir seeds which are treated as anisotropic line sources. Collimation effects related to plaque structure are accounted for, permitting detailed study of shielding effectiveness near the lip of a plaque. A dose distribution matrix may be calculated in any subregion of a transverse, sagittal, or coronal planar cross section of the eye, in any plane transecting the plaque and crossing the eye diametrically, or on a spherical surface within or surrounding the eye. Spherical surfaces may be displayed as 3-dimensional perspective projections or as funduscopic diagrams. Isodose contours are interpolated from the dose matrix. A pointer is also available to explicitly calculate and display dose at any location on the dosimetry surface. An interactive editing capability allows new plaque designs to be rapidly added to the system.
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PMID:An interactive treatment planning system for ophthalmic plaque radiotherapy. 231 2

An analysis of the incidence of malignant melanoma according to occupation is presented using data from two national cancer registries. The data relate to 3991 cases of cutaneous malignant melanoma, 662 cases of ocular melanoma, and 179 cases of noncutaneous, non-ocular melanoma in subjects aged 15-64 in England and Wales diagnosed from 1971 to 1978 and to 5003 cases of cutaneous malignant melanoma diagnosed from 1961 to 1979 in Sweden in subjects born between 1896 and 1940. Professional workers of both sexes in both countries experienced an excess incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma. An excess of ocular melanoma and of non-cutaneous, non-ocular melanoma also existed for this group in England and Wales. Pharmacists, medical doctors, and dentists had a high incidence of cutaneous melanoma in both countries and were represented three times when listing the top 20 occupations in both countries and both genders. Combining the data from cutaneous malignant melanoma over both sexes and both registries the occupations with the highest incidence ratios (expressed as a percentage) were: airline pilots, incidence ratio (IR) = 273, (95% confidence limits 118-538); finance and insurance brokers IR = 245 (140-398); professional accountants IR = 208 (134-307); dentists IR = 207 (133-309); inspectors and supervisors in transport IR = 206 (133-304); pharmacists IR = 198 (115-318); professionals not elsewhere classified IR = 196 (155-243); judges IR = 196 (126-289); doctors IR = 188 (140-248); university teachers IR = 188 (110-302); and chemists IR = 188 (111-296). No particular exposure in the workplace seemed to link these groups and only a few worked in high technology environments. Many of the highest risk groups have in common a high level of education. In England and Wales and in Sweden this might correlate particularly with foreign travel abroad was more unusual than it is now, but evidence on present and past exposure to sun by occupation is needed to clarify the reasons for the association.
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PMID:Occupation and malignant melanoma: a study based on cancer registration data in England and Wales and in Sweden. 235 53

A prospective pilot study on radioimmunoscintigraphy with monoclonal antibody fragments against cutaneous melanoma (MoAb 225.28S) was carried out in 17 patients with a clinical diagnosis of choroidal melanoma. Monoclonal antibodies against melanoma-associated antigen were labeled with 740 mBq 99mTc and injected IV; images were made with a gamma camera at 6 h after injection. With a double-pinhole collimator, radioactivity was counted thrice in both eyes at 6 h after injection. In 6 of 16 patients (37.5%), the melanoma could be imaged with the gamma camera. With the double-pinhole collimator, a significantly higher activity was measured in the melanomatous eye in 13 of 16 patients (82.4%). In two patients a false negative result was obtained, and in one patient the difference between the left and right eye was not significant. Considering these results, radioimmunoscintigraphy may be valuable in ocular melanoma diagnostics, but the specificity of MoAb 225.28S needs to be assessed.
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PMID:Radioimmunoscintigraphy with melanoma-associated monoclonal antibody fragments in choroidal melanoma. 250 Mar 85

A prospective pilot study on immunoscintigraphy with monoclonal antibody fragments against cutaneous melanoma (MoAb 225.28S) was performed in 17 patients with a clinical diagnosis of choroidal melanoma. Monoclonal antibodies against melanoma associated antigen were labelled with 740 mBq (20 MCi) of the radionuclide 99mTc and injected intravenously. Images were made with a gamma camera 6 hours after injection. With a double pinhole collimator radioactivity was counted thrice in both eyes 6 hours after injection. In 6 out of 17 patients (35.3%) the melanoma could be imaged with the gamma camera. With the double pinhole collimator a significantly higher activity was measured in the melanomatous eye in 13 out of 17 patients (76.5%). In four patients a false negative result was obtained. Considering these results immunoscintigraphy may be valuable in ocular melanoma diagnostics but its specific value still has to be assessed.
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PMID:[Immunoscintigraphy of choroid melanoma using monoclonal antibodies]. 279 73


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