Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The small intestine is a frequent site for metastases of cutaneous or ocular melanoma. When the latter are absent, the diagnosis of primary intestinal melanoma can be proposed. Primary malignant melanoma of the small intestine arises from melanoblastic cells of the neural crests, which migrate to the distal ileum through the omphalomesenteric canal. Incomplete regression of the later leads to persistence of Meckel's diverticulum. We report herein a case of malignant melanoma of the small intestine without evidence of a cutaneous and/or ocular origin. Based on its location in the distal ileum, we propose that this tumor be classified as a primary malignant melanoma of the small intestine.
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PMID:[Primary malignant melanoma of the small intestine]. 139 58

Six patients with bilateral ocular melanoma were treated in the period 1967-1989. In one case both eyes were enucleated, in 4 one eye only, the other eye was treated. In all enucleated eyes the clinical diagnosis of melanoma was confirmed histopathologically. Two patients died because of metastases to the lungs and liver, one is alive and remains in a periodical control; there are no informations on the remaining 3 patients.
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PMID:[6 cases of bilateral melanoma of the uvea]. 145 79

Since Mullerian Inhibiting Substance (MIS) causes regression of the Mullerian duct, the anlagen of the uterus, vagina, and fallopian tube, we expected and have previously observed that purified recombinant human MIS causes regression of gynecological tumors. However, recent experiments indicating that neural crest derivatives might be responsive to MIS prompted study of a group of human ocular melanoma cell lines in 4 in vitro inhibition assays, and a subrenal capsule assay in vivo. Ocular melanoma cell lines that grew well in a respective assay were studied with MIS to determine whether this biological modifier could inhibit growth. Three human ocular melanomas, OM431 (P less than 0.01), OM467 (P less than 0.02), and OM482 (P less than 0.03), were growth-inhibited by highly purified human recombinant MIS in soft agarose. A dose-dependent tumor inhibition was noted when OM431 cells were incubated with MIS in a liquid colony inhibition assay (P less than 0.05). In addition, OM467 was inhibited (P less than 0.05) by MIS in a multicellular tumor spheroid assay. Cell cycle analysis indicated that OM431 cells were inhibited in monolayer by MIS while in G1. At 100-fold lower serum concentrations than required in the media of in vitro assays, MIS delivered via i.p. osmotic pumps inhibited (P less than 0.05) in vivo the growth of OM431 implanted beneath the renal capsule of nude and CD-1 irradiated mice when compared to mice given implants of pumps containing no MIS. The responsiveness of ocular melanoma to MIS broadens the spectrum of tumors that might be treated with MIS and suggests further investigation of other neural crest tumors.
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PMID:Recombinant human mullerian inhibiting substance inhibits human ocular melanoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo. 153 23

In the management of patients with primary malignant melanoma of the uvea, treatment techniques have included not only enucleation but also photocoagulation, cryotherapy, photoradiation, a limited resection, as well as circumstances indicating exenteration of the orbit. Surgical management has been the primary treatment program for over 100 years. In a compilation of nine reported series consisting of 2,024 enucleations, the five- and ten-year survivals following surgery were 63% and 43%, respectively. The 25-year survival has been reported to be 40%. In 1974 at Wills Eye Hospital and Hahnemann University, the cobalt-60 plaques technique was introduced. During the following years, other radioactive isotopes were introduced including iridium-192, iodine-125, ruthenium-106/rhodium-106 and more recently palladium-103. At the present time, iodine-125 is the most widely used radionuclide. Until now, 302 patients treated with plaque brachytherapy showed an actuarial survival of 77% and 67.8% at five and eight years, respectively. There was no significant survival difference when compared with a similar group of patients undergoing enucleation. Other retrospective studies show similar excellent results. In spite of these convincing results, the decision making process in management melanoma remains unsettled primarily due to the absence of prospective randomized trials. Because of this, the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study was initiated. From the standpoint of toxicity, the data are available on ocular radiation toxicity. In an analysis of 77 patients from the Wills Eye Hospital with pretreatment visual acuities of 20/25 or better, it was noted that 90% of patients who had received less than 500 Gy to the fovea retained visual acuity of 20/200 or better while only 52% of patients receiving more than 5,000 Gy to the fovea had vision of 20/200 or better. A serious late effect of radioactivity plaque treatment is scleral necrosis which may require repair or enucleation even in the absence of tumor progression. Enucleation may be necessary in approximately 10% of patients. We conclude that malignant melanoma of the uvea can be safely treated with radioactive plaques.
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PMID:Brachytherapy of choroidal melanomas. 154 47

The antimetastatic potential of a novel chemotherapeutic agent, alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), was evaluated in a murine model of intraocular melanoma. In vivo studies demonstrated that DFMO retarded the growth and spontaneous metastasis of murine intraocular melanomas. Further studies indicated that oral DFMO also exercised antimetastatic effects against the blood-borne stage of melanoma metastases. In vitro studies revealed that DFMO exerted impressive antiproliferative effects on three murine melanoma cell lines, four human cutaneous melanoma cell lines, one human uveal melanoma cell line, and one conjunctival melanoma cell line. DFMO inhibited in vitro DNA synthesis in human cutaneous melanoma cell lines by 84%-98% and that in two human ocular melanoma cell cultures by 62% and 86%, respectively. DFMO possesses several characteristics that render it an attractive chemotherapeutic agent for potential use in the management of uveal melanoma. These include its antiproliferative effect against a wide range of murine and human melanomas, its extremely low toxicity, and its ease of administration.
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PMID:Prevention of metastasis of intraocular melanoma in mice treated with difluoromethylornithine. 154 72

16 patients with disseminated malignant melanoma (1 with primary ocular melanoma) entered a multicentre phase II study of recombinant interleukin-2, (rIL-2) given by continuous intravenous infusion on days 1-5 at 18 x 10(6) IU/m2 per day, followed by dacarbazine 850 mg/m2 on day 8. After a 2 week rest, a second course was given. In the absence of disease progression, monthly maintenance cycles were given for up to four cycles. 16 patients received one cycle, 14 received two and 6 patients three or more. All 16 patients are evaluable for toxicity and 15 for response. 2 patients responded (13%). 1 patient with lung and pleural metastases achieved partial remission after two cycles and went off treatment after six cycles. 3 months later a complete response was noted lasting 396+ days. A second patient with lung metastases had a partial response lasting 153 days. 3 patients (20%) had stable disease. Mean rebound lymphocytosis (24-48 h after the end of rIL-2 therapy), cell count 4.9 x 10(9)/l (2.6-8.8 x 10(9)/l) was within the expected limits. Other toxicity was as expected. Thus sequential treatment with rIL-2 and dacarbazine is feasible but synergy did not occur.
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PMID:A phase II study of sequential recombinant interleukin-2 followed by dacarbazine in metastatic melanoma. 159 Oct 61

Seven human ocular melanoma cell lines were established in vitro and 3 of these, GU-4, LLN-40 and its subline C17-11, were characterized. Mice were immunized with these ocular melanoma cell lines, and 2 hybridomas producing monoclonal IgG1 antibodies (MAb) were produced. MAb 2/10SN recognizes a 44-kDa monomeric protein, whereas MAb 10/12SN reacts with an 83/65-kDa heterodimeric protein. These melanoma-associated antigens (MAA) are detected at high concentrations in the cytoplasm of ocular melanoma cells. However, cell-surface labelling techniques suggest that these MAA are also associated with the cell-surface membrane. These 2 ocular MAA are also expressed by several skin melanoma cell lines. Immunohistochemical studies have localized these antigens to ocular and skin melanomas, to sweat ducts and basal squamous cells in normal skin, with limited expression in several other normal tissues and some carcinomas. Biodistribution studies in nude mice with human ocular melanomas have demonstrated good localization of 125I-labeled MAb 2/10SN at the tumor sites. Therefore, these 2 MAbs, 2/10SN and 10/12SN, recognize MAA which appear to be unique and may prove useful for imaging purposes.
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PMID:Two antigens detected on human ocular melanomas with the mouse monoclonal antibodies 2/10SN and 10/12SN. 161 80

We have tested the diagnostic value in malignant melanoma of HMB45, a monoclonal antibody available for use on paraffin-embedded tissue. MATERIAL AND METHOD. Tissues tested. The following pathological tissues were tested: 10 intradermal and 11 compound naevi; 6 spitz naevi; 20 dysplastic naevi; 10 blue naevi; 2 Bednar's tumours; 6 Sutton naevi; 15 melanonychias; 21 cutaneous and 11 ocular malignant melanomas (MM), and 3 achromic metastases. Control tissues were: vitiligo (20), carcinoma (5), malignant schwannoma of the orbit (1), soft tissue sarcoma (5) and malignant lymphoma (5). Antibodies. The antibodies used were antiprotein S100, antivimentin, anticytokeratin (KL1), monoclonal antileucocyte (CD45) antibodies and HMB45, a monoclonal antibody of the IgG 1 type obtained from lymph node metastases from pigmented malignant melanomas. RESULTS. None of the control tissues were stained by the HMB Ab. Intradermal naevi did not react positively. Compound naevi: the juntional cells were stained by HMB45 in 2/10 cases. Dysplastic naevi: HMB45 showed heterogeneous reactivity of junctional cells in 15/20 cases, and this correlated with the degree of atypia. Blue naevi: HMB45 stained the superficial and deep cells in 3/10 cases. Bednar's tumour: no cell was stained by HMB45. Spitz naevi: HMB45 gave an intensely positive reaction of junctional cells in 4/5 cases and a weaker reaction of dermal cells. Sutton naevi: the naevus cells were not stained by HMB45 in 5/6 cases. In simple melanocytic hyperplasia of the nail bed, only a few atypical cells were stained. In superficially spreading melanoma (SSM) all neoplastic cells were stained by HMB45 in proportion to their degree of atypia. Residual naevus cells were negative. The anti S100 and the antivimentin antibodies stained all neoplastic and naevus cells. In nodular melanoma (NM), HMB45 stained all neoplastic cells in proportion to their degree of atypia. The antivimentin Ab stained the neoplastic cells, and so did the anti-S100 Ab which also stained inflammatory cells. In acral-lentiginous melanoma (ALM), HMB stained the dermal tumoral cells moderately and the junctional cells more strongly. In ocular melanoma, HMB45 strongly stained the fusiform cells and less strongly the epithelioid cells. In achromic metastases from cutaneous malignant melanomas, HMB45 strongly stained the neoplastic cells but did not stain the peritumoral cells. DISCUSSION. The purpose of this study was to compare the value of HMB45 with that of other immunohistochemical staining methods A. Main data from the literature. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Contribution of monoclonal antibody HMB45 in the histopathologic diagnosis of melanoma]. 170 64

Cell suspensions prepared enzymatically from an ocular choroidal melanoma were cultured in vitro in an effort to generate (1) melanoma tumor cell lines and (2) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes cytotoxic for ocular melanoma cells. Even though histologic study of the tumor did not show "significant" infiltrating bone marrow-derived cells, lymphocytes were generated readily in cultures to which interleukin-2 was added. Phenotypic analysis of the cultured lymphocytes indicated that T-cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells were present. Moreover, functional studies of the cultured lymphocytes revealed NK activity, LAK activity, and most importantly, tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T-cell activity. It was concluded that it is possible to obtain tumor cell lines and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from ocular tumors, both of which would be required if cellular immunotherapy of ocular tumors is contemplated. In addition, these results indicate that ocular melanomas can express unique tumor-specific antigens and that the immune system of a patient with such an ocular tumor can perceive these tumor antigens because antigen-specific precursor cytotoxic T-cells were present in the tumor-containing eye at the time of enucleation. The theoretic and therapeutic implications of these findings are discussed.
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PMID:Studies of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from a human choroidal melanoma. 174 51

To study antitumor immunity in patients with choroidal melanoma, T cells were generated from the peripheral blood of choroidal melanoma patients by mixed lymphocyte/tumor cell culture (MLTC). Because autologous tumors are generally unavailable, an allogeneic choroidal melanoma cell line, OCM-1, was used as the specific stimulus. Lymphocyte cultures from 27 patients were characterized by cell-surface phenotypes, patterns of reactivity towards cells of the melanocytic origin and T-cell-receptor gene usage. Antimelanoma reactivity was found in cell-sorter-purified CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. To analyze this reactivity, sorter-purified CD4+ and CD8+ cells from a MLTC were cloned by limiting dilution in the presence of exogenous interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 as well as irradiated OCM-1. Under these conditions, CD4+ T cells did not proliferate, perhaps because of the absence of antigen-presenting cells. However, CD8+ grew vigorously and 29 cytolytic CD8+ T cell clones were isolated. On the basis of their pattern of lysis of OCM-1, a skin melanoma cell line M-7 and its autologous lymphoblastoid cell line LCL-7, the clones were categorized into three groups. Group 1, representing 52% of the clones, lysed all three target cells, and are alloreactive. However, since OCM-1 and M-7 did not share class I antigens, these clones recognized cross-reactive epitope(s) of the histocompatibility locus antigen (HLA) molecule. Group 2, constituting 28% of the clones, lysed both the ocular and skin melanoma cell lines but not LCL-7, and were apparently melanoma-specific. Unlike classical HLA-restricted cytolytic T lymphocytes, these T cells might mediate the lysis of melanoma cells via other ligands or a more degenerate type of HLA restriction. For the latter, the HLA-A2 and -A28 alleles would have to act interchangeably as the restriction element for shared melanoma-associated antigen(s). Group 3, representing only 10% of the T cell clones, was cytotoxic only to OCM-1, but not to M-7 or LCL-7. These clones may recognize antigens unique to ocular melanoma cells. Our data suggest that choroidal melanoma patients can recognize melanoma-associated antigens common to both ocular and cutaneous melanoma cells, and presumbly their autologous tumor. Thus, choroidal melanoma, like its skin counterpart, may be responsive to immunotherapeutic regimens such as active specific or adoptive cellular immunotherapy.
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PMID:Lymphocytes cytotoxic to uveal and skin melanoma cells from peripheral blood of ocular melanoma patients. 183 Oct 67


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