Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In malignant melanoma, using Sephadex G-200 chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), it has been possible to separate two types of skin reactive antigens. The first, found in Sephadex fraction II and PAGE region a appears specific for melanoma. Allogeneic extracts have produced positive reactions in many patients with skin or ocular melanoma, and have given negative reactions in patients with other types of cancer or in patients with ocular lesions simulating melanoma. The second group of antigens, in Sephadex fraction III and PAGE region b were less specific. These antigens produced positive skin reactions in some patients with breast cancer, as well as in patients with melanoma. Reactivity to PAGE region a appeared to be confined to one protein band, but three different bands in region b gave positive reactions. A study was made of the presence or absence of similar antigens in metastatic deposits of malignant melanoma. Metastatic lesions in the following tissues were analyzed: liver, lung, adrenal, skin, and colon. These were compared with pooled primary skin melanomas by skin testing in the same patients. The tumor-associated melanoma antigen, found in Sephadex fraction II and PAGE region a appeared to be strongest in adrenal, lung, and liver metastases. It was found that the protein yield in this region was not indicative of the strength of the antigen. Therefore, a careful, detailed analysis of the protein bands present in PAGE regions a and b from primary skin melanoma was conducted. Only one band in PAGE region a was found to be responsible for positive skin reactivity. This band was found to be a glycolipoprotein. Further studies were also conducted in order to determine whether or not some of the antigens present might be fetal antigens. Some of the protein bands present in Sephadex fraction III and PAGE region b of melanoma appeared to be similar to some of the PAGE region b proteins present in fetal skin cells. Two bands from fetal skin also had the same location on PAGE as two bands from ductal breast cancer, although the relationship to melanoma region b antigens was not exact. These fetal proteins, which seemed to be present both in ductal breast cancer cell membranes and in melanoma cell membranes, might account for the positive skin reactivity seen in this region, and also for the cross reactivity of skin tests with this antigen.
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PMID:Analysis of soluble melanoma cell membrane antigens in metastatic cells of various organs and further studies of antigens present in primary melanoma. 5 80

An intensive search found that 146 cases of cutaneous or ocular melanoma had occurred among residents of Lane County, Oregon, from 1958 through 1972. Of these cases, 35 led to death. Countywide, increasing incidence rates were corroborated by increasing death rates for both sexes. Risk of disease was highest in a moist, flat residential area near the intersection of two rivers in the county's urban portion and in its agricultural area. The incidence pattern strongly suggested local cycles in subcounty units. Although overall melanoma risk was higher in urban areas, an apparent widespread rural epidemic was identified, beginning abruptly in 1965 and lasting several years. If similar geographic and temporal characteristics can be identified in other localities, the search for an etiologic agent could focus on a smaller range of possibilities.
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PMID:Epidemiologic clues to the cause of melanoma. 50 11

We studied radioactive metal compounds to determine their localization in malignant Greene melanoma in the eye of the Syrian golden hamsters. Scintigraphy of an ocular melanoma was achieved with several radioactive metals: radioactive indium(111In)-bleomycin, radioactive gallium (67Ga)-citrate, and radioactive lead (203Pb)-tris. The 111In-bleomycin had the highest tumor uptake (5.45% dose/g), but not the highest tumor-to-background ratios. The 67Ga-citrate had a maximum tumor uptake of 4.87% dose/g at 48 hours. The 111In-chloride had a melanoma uptake of 2.26% dose/g, while with 203Pbtris the uptake was 1.61% dose/g. These uptake ratios compare favorably with that of radioactive phosphorus (32P)-2.21% dose/g. Noninvasive localization of malignant melanoma in the eye was accomplished with metal isotopes. Detailed analysis of in vitro uptake date by tumor and background tissues revealed the optimum time for scanning and precluded unnecessary trials.
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PMID:Metal isotopes used as radioactive indicators of ocular melanoma. 83 71

Antibodies directed against different components of ocular melanoma cells were identified by indirect immunofluorescence in the sera of 12 patients with histologically proven malignant melanoma of the uvea. Antibodies reacing with autologous surface membrane antigens were found only in the sera of the 5 patients with the smallest tumors. The sera from most of the patients with small, large, or extraocular tumor contained antibodies directed against autologous cytoplasmic components while about one-half of the tests for antibodies reacting with allogeneic cytoplasmic antigens were positive. The incidence of positive tests with cytoplasmic antigens, in 67 patients with clinically diagnosed benign uveal nevi and 56 other individuals not showing evidence of proliferative lesions of uveal melanocytes, was 25%.
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PMID:Immunological studies in patients with malignant melanoma of the uvea. 84 36

Four cases interpreted as intraspinal blue naevi are reported. The patients were adults females with an age range between 22 and 60 yr. In three there was a single tumour arising from the cervical posterior nerve roots and in the fourth there were multiple tumours arising from the posterior nerve roots of the spinal cord and occurring within the cerebello--pontine angle. The histological appearances of the tumours were similar in every way to those of dermal blue naevi. One was of the more common spindle-celled type and three of the cellular variant. The tumours contained melanin-pigment, and spindle cells with dendritic bipolar processes of the type described in dermal blue naevi. One was of the more common spindle-celled type and three of the cellular variant. The tumours contained melanin pigment, and spindle cells with dendritic bipolar processes of the type described in dermal blue naevi. Definite evidence of malignant tranformation was found in two cases and in a third, the appearances were suggestive for early malignant change. Therefore, unlike their dermal equivalents, intraspinal blue naevi appear to have a greater propensity for malignant transformation. In each case a careful clinical examination failed to reveal any evidence of a primary malignant melanoma. In the one case who died and on whom necropsy was performed, the failure to identify a primary cutaneous, mucosal or ocular melanoma substantiated our contention that these tumours were primary.
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PMID:Melanotic tumours (Blue Naevi) of spinal nerve roots. 94 91

The ability of radioactive lead to localize melanomas was studied. The Greene melanoma in the Syrian Golden hamster served as a model for both skin and ocular melanoma. The affinity of heavy metals for neoplasms has been studied but previous reports have been inconsistent as to tumor specificity. For this investigation the radioactive lead (203-Pb,) was studied as the chemical complex 203-Pb-Tris. Significant tumor:nontumor ratios were found in ocular melanoma and the concentration in the lens was minimal. The ratio of per cent uptake per gram of tumor: per cent uptake per gram in control tissue with skin melanoma was 9.4 at 24 hours and for the eye melanoma the ratio was 26.3 at 24 hours. The affinity of 203-Pb-Tris for melanomas appears to be as promising as other compounds presently being evaluated for ocular scintigraphy, namely, labeled quinoline analogs. Therefore, further preclinical evaluation is warranted.
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PMID:Localization of radioactive lead in ocular and skin melanoma. 113 48

Using a microassay for cellular immunity, tumour specific cytotoxicity was detected in 2/5 cases of ocular melanoma and 1/3 cases of primary cutaneous melanoma before treatment. Reactivity was measured against allogeneic skin melanoma target cells in short or long term in vitro culture. Lymphoid cells from patients with disseminated cutaneous melanoma were either non-reactive (4/8 cases) or gave a nonspecific cytotoxicity on target cells of diverse histogenic origins. Among tumour-free patients tested after surgery, 0/2 patients with ocular tumour were non-reactive 3-4 months post surgery. After sugical excision of cutaneous melanoma 2/2 patients gave tumour specific reactions during the first month after surgery. After longer time intervals, from 5 months to 3 years, only 1/8 patients were reactive. Preoperative radiotherapy in a total skin dose of 10,000 rad produ-ed a transient tumour specific reaction 24 h after therapy in a single case. Following local tumour excision in patients given preoperative irradiation, 2 cases which had previously demonstrated tumour specific CMI lost reactivity. Among 14 tumour-free individuals tested only after preoperative radiotherapy and surgery, at intervals from 5 day to 13 years, a single case gave tumour specific CMI. Palliative irradiation in doses 4000-4960 rad to the inguinal or axillary lymph nodes was found to induce a generalized lymphopenia within 48 h after treatment. Lymphoid cell preparations from patients with localized melanoma contained significantly increased numbers of immature cells (lymphoblasts and myeloblasts) and myeloid precursor elements. Those prepared from patients with disseminated disease had in addition elevated levels of eosinophils but reduced numbers of recoverable lymphocytes.
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PMID:The influence of tumour burden and therapy on cellular cytotoxicity responses in patients with ocular and skin melanoma. 115 16

The Third National Cancer Survey, 1969-71, reported 432 patients with noncutaneous melanoma, 79% originating in the eye. As with skin melanoma, ocular tumors were more common in whites than blacks and predominated in females at younger ages and males after middle life. On the other hand, ocular melanoma did not show the strong North-South gradient seen with skin melanoma; this suggested no relation to sunlight exposure.
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PMID:Melanomas of the eye and other noncutaneous sites: epidemiologic aspects. 125 81

Fotemustine is a new nitrosourea which is active against disseminated malignant melanoma. A global response rate (RR) of 24.2% was obtained in a multicenter trial including 153 patients. The RR was 25% on cerebral metastases. A multivariate analysis of the long term survival considering the main prognostic factors, has been achieved. It confirms the efficacy of fotemustine. As a matter of fact, the best survival of good responders compared to non responders is not correlated to the metastatic site. The combination of fotemustine and dacarbazine led to a global RR of 27.2%, up to 40% in non visceral metastases. As an other way of research the administration of fotemustine by the intraarterial hepatic route in the treatment of hepatic metastases of malignant ocular melanoma seems to give higher response rates than those obtained with chemotherapies administered by intravenous route (near 40% of response rate). Fotemustind alone or associated with cisplatinum allowed also interesting results in the treatment of metastatic non small cell lung cancer (NSCLS).
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PMID:[Contribution of a new nitrosourea compound: fotemustine]. 133 20

Ocular melanomas are the most common intraocular malignancy in adults. The majority of ocular melanomas are choroidal melanomas. These tumors can be difficult to diagnose, especially when they are small. Documented growth of a lesion on serial examinations is the most important clinical feature favoring the diagnosis of a choroidal melanoma. Diagnostic studies including ultrasonography and angiography may be helpful in the diagnosis of these tumors. A number of treatment options are available for choroidal melanomas. These include photocoagulation, radiation therapy, local tumor resection, and enucleation.
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PMID:Ocular melanoma. 139 50


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