Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effector arm of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was evaluated using 51Cr-labelled chicken erythrocytes as targets in BALB/c mice transplanted with the Moloney sarcoma virus-induced tumours T-MSV and MS2, and in C57BL/6 mice transplanted with the chemically induced FS6 sarcoma, Lewis lung carcinoma and B16 melanoma. Tumour-bearing animals showed higher levels of ADCC than normal mice, a stimulation confirmed in MS2-bearing mice, using SL2 lymphoma cells as targets in a cytostasis assay. ADCC effector-cell capacity was higher in animals transplanted with the immunogenic, spontaneously regressing T-MSV than in mice bearing the poorly immunogenic metastasizing MS2 sarcoma. The increased ADCC activity detectable in the spleen of tumour-bearing hosts was not abolished by removal of phagocytic-adherent cells.
 ...
PMID:Activation of K cells in mice with transplanted tumours differing in immunogenicity and metastasizing capacity. 58 12

From the time of its inception in 1955, the Drug Development Program of the National Cancer Institute has relied primarily on transplanted rodent tumor systems in vivo for the evaluation and selection of potential antitumor agents. Although greater emphasis has been placed in recent years on rationally designed drugs, the major effort throughout the history of the program has involved the empirical screening of a wide variety of chemical structures and natural products of varying sources. The initial screening spectrum consisted of three mouse tumors, Sarcoma 180, Carcinoma 755 and Leukemia 1210, based on the retrospective analysis presented in the GELLHORN-HIRSCHBERG Report. As a result of further expermental studies and analyses, the screens changed successively to (1) L1210 plus a spectrum of mouse, rat and hamster tumors, (2) L1210 plus the rat tumor, WALKER 256, (3) L1210, plus P388 for natural products and B16 melanoma and LEWIS lung carcinoma for special studies, and finally (4) P388 as a pre-screen followed by a panel of transplanted tumors and xenografts representing the major tumor sites. The rationale underlying each of the successive changes, and results obtained with each approach, will be discussed.
 ...
PMID:Antitumor screening procedures of the National Cancer Institute. 61 10

The therapeutic usefulness of chlorpromazine (CPZ) and caffeine (CAF) in combination with selected nitrosoureas was investigated in mice bearing L1210 leukemia, Lewis lung carcinoma, and B16 melanoma. We found that using BCNU with either CAF or CPZ was therapeutically superior to using either agent alone to treat mice bearing L1210 leukemia. Administering all three drugs in combination did not improve upon the therapeutic responses obtained with the two-drug combinations. In mice implanted with Lewis lung carcinoma or B16 melanoma, responses to treatment with the triple combination of methyl-CCNU, CAF, and CPZ suggested, but did not clearly establish, superiority over each two-drug combination or methyl-CCNU alone.
 ...
PMID:Therapeutic potentiation of nitrosoureas using chlorpromazine and caffeine in the treatment of murine tumors. 75 16

Two dose schedules of guanazole were used in this phase I clinical study: intermittent prolonged 5-day infusion and intermittent iv bolus twice weekly. Ninety-seven treatment observations were analyzed for toxic effects resulting from the prolonged infusion and 42 from the twice-weekly bolus schedule. The main toxic effect was bone marrow suppressions, the frequency and severity of which were intensified by prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy and repetition of guanazole therapy. The leukocyte count was affected more than the platelet count. Partial responses were observed in four patients: two with lung carcinoma, one with prostate carcinoma, and one with melanoma. Further phase II clinical studies of guanazole are indicated.
 ...
PMID:Guanazole (NSC-1895)--a phase I clinical study. 76 50

The active compounds which have been isolated from plants and tested in the chemotherapy program of the National Cancer Institute since the inception of the plant program (as part of the Cancer Chemotherapy National Service Center) are listed, classified into types, and discussed in terms of their activity in experimental tumor systems. The tumor systems include the most important ones comprising the regular screen at different times and also the slow-growing tumors, B16 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma (new). The structure-antitumor activity relationships bring out the desirability for further investigation of certain types of compounds as possibilities for clinical trial. Notes on the current pharmacologic anc clinical status of certain compounds are also presented.
 ...
PMID:Types of anticancer agents isolated from plants. 79 81

RNA biosynthesis catalyzed with DNA-dependent RNA polymerase was demonstrated in the reconstructed system containing isolated lymphocyte nuclei, Mg2+ or Mn2+ salts, ammonium sulphate, in the presence of four nucleosidetriphosphates. Both the Mg2+ and Mn2+-dependent forms of this enzyme were revealed in the nuclei of normal lymphocytes and those of patients suffering from melanoma, carcinoma of the lung and sarcoma. The activities of both forms of RNA-polymerase were greater in the nuclei of the lymphocytes from sick individuals than in the normal analogues. DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase sensitivity to dexamethasone and PHA of the nuclei of lymphocytes obtained from patients with carcinoma of the lung, melanoma, and sarcoma was decreased in comparison with the normal.
 ...
PMID:[Sensitivity of the lymphocyte RNA-synthesizing system of patients with different malignant neoplasms to phytohemagglutinin and dexamethasone]. 85 72

CCNU (1-[2-chloroethyl]-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea, NSC-79037) was used to treat advanced malignancies in 329 evaluable patients. The treatment dosage was 130 mg/m2 for patients with adequate bone marrow reserve and 100 mg/m2 for those with compromised bone marrow. Oral treatment was repeated at 6-week intervals unless hematologic toxicity intervened. There were four complete responses: two in ovarian cancer, one with small cell carcinoma of the lung, and one with melanoma. Tumor response greater than 50% reduction in tumor size occurred in 39 patients (11.9%) while stable disease (no change or decrease or increase of less than 50% in tumor size) was noted in 152 patients (46.2%). Tumor progression occurred in 130 cases. Melanomas and ovarian and lung cancers had the highest response rates. Bone marrow depression was the major side effect of treatment; there was a significant positive correlation between the severity of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia and tumor response to treatment.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of advanced malignancy with CCNU (NSC 79037): a phase II cooperative study with long-term follow up. 95 55

One hundred and nine adult patients with metastatic carcinoma were treated at 3-4-week intervas with a combination of adriamycin (40 mg/m2 given iv on Day 1) and cyclophosphamide (200 mg/m2/day given orally in divided doses on Days 3-6). Ninety-two of 96 patients who had an adequate trial (minumum of two courses or progression of disease after one course) had follow-up observations of tumor sites and were considered evaluable for response. Overall objective response rates by tumor type were as follows: stage III or IV ovarian adenocarcinoma, 61% (14 of 23 patients); endometrial adenocarcinoma, 67% (four of six patients); cervical adenocarcinoma, 33% (one of three patients); prostatic adenocarcinoma, 18% (two of 11 patients); testicular carcinoma, 33% (one of three patients); lung carcinoma, 21% (four of 19 patients); renal adenocarcinoma, 14% (one of seven patients); gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma, 18% (two of 11 patients); melanoma, 25% (one of four patients); and miscellaneous tumors, no responses in five patients. In patients with ovarian adenocarcinoma who had not previously received any cytotoxic chemotherapy the response rate was 80% (12 of 15 patients) with 33% five of 15 patients achieving complete clinical remission. CRs in these patients have now been maintained for periods ranging from 7 to 12 months. The major toxic effects were mild to moderate leukopenia, alopecia, and nausea with vomiting. Hemorrhagic cystitis was observed in three patients. The combination of adriamycin and cyclophosphamide is an effective treatment for carcinoma of the breast (reported elsewhere), ovary, and endometrium and should be considered for initial chemotherapy in patients with these tumors. Further investigations of its use for melanoma and carcinoma of the lung, prostate, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract are also warranted.
 ...
PMID:Combination chemotherapy with adriamycin (NSC-123127) and cyclophosphamide (NSC-26271) for solid tumors: a phase II trial. 100 May 20

Studies were conducted to determine whether MCF-7, a tissue culture cell line derived from a pleural effusion of a patient with breast carcinoma, could be used as a source of tumor-associated antigen for direct leukocyte migration-inhibition (LMI) assays. Of 32 patients with breast carcinoma, 27 (84.4%) gave positive migration-inhibition results on their initial tests with a 25-mug protein/ml concentration of a 3 M KCl extract of MCF-7; 1 of 24 (4.5%) normal donors reacted with MCF-7. An intermediate incidence of reactivity (7/16) was observed with the extract when leukocytes of patients with melanoma, lung carcinoma, and Ewing's sarcoma were used. In further specificity studies, leukocytes of patients with breast carcinoma gave a lower incidence of LMl reactivity than did those of patients with Ewing's sarcoma and lung carcinoma with KCl extracts of the appropriate histologic type of tumor. The results indicated that the MCF-7 cells possessed a tumor-associated antigen to which many patients with breast carcinoma are sensitized.
 ...
PMID:Leukocyte migration inhibition by soluble extracts of MCF-7 tissue culture cell line derived from breast carcinoma. 100 41

Corynebacterium parvum (C. parvum) was used in antitumor tests against four murine tumor models in B6D2F1 mice. The C. parvum was effective at all doses and schedules tested against P388 leukemia, B16 melanoma, and Lewis lung carcinoma but was ineffective against L1210 leukemia. Combination immunochemotherapy of P388 leukemia and Lewis lung carcinoma with C. parvum and adriamycin was better than either regimen alone in increasing the lifespan of mice with tumors. The results show that the effects of C. parvum are due to nonspecific stimulation of the host rather than direct cytotoxic action on tumor cells. C. parvum protected the mice when given before as well as after tumor challenge. In vitro 51Cr-release assay showed that the peritoneal cells were cytotoxic to P388 tumor cells but spleen cells were not. While the C. parvum was effective against P388 in conventional mice, it was ineffective against P388 growing in athymic (nude) mice. Thus, the antitumor effect in this tumor system is T-cell dependent.
 ...
PMID:Effects of Corynebacterium parvum alone and in combination with adriamycin in experimental tumor systems. 100 17


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>