Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A stable phenol, gamma-L-glutaminyl-4-hydroxybenzene (GHB), is oxidized by tyrosinase in the gill tissues of the mushroom Agaricus bisporus to a quinone and a second oxidation product which together suppress mitochondrial energy production and the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids in the zygote, thus establishing dormancy in the spores. Brief incubation of cultured murine L1210 leukemia and B-16 melanoma cells with muM concentrations of the purified quinone notably prolonged survival times or blocked tumor growth in histocompatible mice inoculated i.p. with high concentrations of the exposed cells. The instability of the quinone precluded in vivo administration. The short incubation of cultured B-16 melanoma cells with mM concentrations of GHB markedly prolonged survival times or abolished tumor growth in histocompatible C57BL/6J mice inoculated i.p. with 5 X 10(6) exposed cells. This response did not occur with L1210 leukemia cells, which lack the enzyme tyrosinase. The survival times of mice bearing B-16 melanoma, but not of those with L1210 leukemia, were slightly prolonged by a single injection and were significantly extended by daily i.p. injections of GHB. Normal C57BL/6J mice, given GHB i.p. as single or multiple 400-mg/kg doses, manifested no systemic toxicity but showed depigmentation of the hair after 2 to 3 weeks. These studies provide evidence that GHB exerts cytotoxicity specifically for cells that by their content of tyrosinase convert the phenol to the quinone. This targeted response minimizes systemic toxocity and underscores the potential therapeutic application of this agent to melanocarcinoma.
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PMID:gamma-L-Glutaminyl-4-hydroxybenzene, an inducer of cryptobiosis in Agaricus bisporus and a source of specific metabolic inhibitors for melanogenic cells. 40

Alteration in DOPA-oxidase activity of Harding-Passey melanoma microsomal fraction tyrosinase, activation of tyrosinase after partial delipidization of the microsome, phospholipid composition of both native microsomes and the ones after delipidization have been studied. In the course of tumor growth (starting on the 14th day after tumor transplantation) the tyrosinase activity has been shown to decrease monotonously both in native microsomes and in the ones after delipidization. The phospholipid composition alters both in the process of tumor growth and after delipidization. Alteration in the tyrosinase activity in native microsomes as well as after their delipidization has been found to depend on the relative composition of certain phospholipids. In those cases a linear correlation between the enzyme activity and the phosphatydylethanolamine of phosphatydylcholine ratio has been found. This interrelationship may be accounted for by either simultenous presence of inhibitors and activators of the enzyme activity in the lipids or by changes in the membrane structure depending on the relative phospholipid composition.
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PMID:[Investigation of tyrosinase activity and phospholipid composition in Harding-Passey melanoma microsomal fraction]. 41 89

The antimetabolite antibiotic L-(alphaS,5S)-alpha-amino-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid (AT-125) showed significant antitumor activity against L1210 and P388 mouse leukemias and the M5076 mouse ovarian tumor. Depending on the schedule of administration, increases in lifespan of greater than 100% were observed. Activity was observed after ip, oral, or sc inoculation of AT-125 in mice inoculated with L1210 by the ip route. Lewis lung carcinoma and B16 melanoma were not affected by AT-125. The compound was used to treat human tumor xenografts in athymic (nude) mice. The MX-1 mammary tumor regressed when treated with either 8 or 16 mg/kg/day for 10 days, while a dose of 32 mg/kg was toxic. On an every-4-days x 3 schedule there was a marked slowing of MX-1 tumor growth at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg. The LX-1 lung tumor xenograft growth was slowed significantly by a dose of 32 mg/kg. Growth of colon tumors, CX-1, CX-2, and CX-3, was not affected by AT-125.
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PMID:Therapy for mouse tumors and human tumor xenografts with the antitumor antibiotic AT-125. 42 27

Report on the application of a dinitrochlorobenzene ointment of 61 postoperative melanoma patients exhibiting clinical stages I and II. After contact sensitization the erythemogenic threshold concentrations of DNCB were mostly found in the range of 0,05% and 0,1%. Patients with reactions at low concentrations of 0,01% and 0,05% DNCB were in the mean 8 years younger than those with reactions at 0,1% and 0,5%, but no connection to different stages of malignant melanoma could be evaluated. 3 melanoma patients suffering from skin metastases were treated by epifocal DNCB-application. One of them became clinically tumor free since more than 1 year, whereas the two other exhibiting multicentric and/or profound tumor growth did not respond. In a 82-year-old wife a superficial lentigo maligna melanoma disappeared by DNCB-application. In none of the 61 cases we observed a "tumor enhancement" after immunoprophylaxis or adjuvant immunotherapy with DNCB. The DNCB-method in malignant melanoma is yet in the experimental stage and is not recommended for general use in practice.
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PMID:[Adjuvant DNCB immunotherapy in malignant melanoma]. 47 40

The chemotherapeutic activity of thymidine (dThd) was tested against four human tumor xenografts growing in nude mice, including a melanoma, an oat cell carcinoma of the lung, a colon carcinoma, and a breast carcinoma. Tumor-bearing mice were given an infusion of dThd (1 g/kg/day) s.c. for 72 hr each week for three weeks. Tumor growth in the treated mice was compared to that in randomized concurrent control mice infused with media alone. A significant effect was found only for the melanoma, and it was cytostatic rather than cytotoxic. Even when melanomas of very small initial volume were treated, there were no complete regressions, and tumor growth resumed when dThd treatment was stopped. In culture, sustained dThd concentrations of greater than 3.2 mM were required to cause death of the melanoma cells; in the mice the dThd level during infusion ranged from 1 to 5 mM. This exposure to dThd, although failing to produce a tumor response, did produce significant toxicity in the nude mice in the form of myelosuppression and leukopenia. Flow cytometric analysis of marrow cells during the dThd infusion showed an accumulation of cells in S phase, but proliferation was not completely halted since cells with G2-M content of DNA were present in the marrow even after 72 hr of dThd exposure. This study failed to demonstrate a therapeutically useful effect of dThd on these tumors.
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PMID:Activity of thymidine as a chemotherapeutic agent against human tumor xenografts in nude mice. 47 23

From 1964 to 1976 a number of 131 patients, suffering from melanoma of the choroid have been treated with 106Ru/106Rh beta-ray applicators. In 81 cases (61.8%) this treatment has been successful. 26 eyes (19.9%) had to be enucleated in spite of the irradiation. 24 patients (18.3%) died, 13 of them of metastases. Only in 46 patients, out of 81, we have reached total destruction of the tumor with flat chorioatrophic scar. In 27 cases visual acuity of 1.5 to 0.5 could be preserved. Radiogenic late complications in the capillary system with disturbances of the retinal blood circulation were the cause of visual deterioration. The 107 surviving patients were controlled during a period of 6.5 years in the average. Survival rate 91.2% after 5 and 84% after 10 years. Another group of 214 patients with melanoma of the choroid, who had been treated from 1955 to 1970 by enucleation reached a survival rate of 72% after 5 years. Treatment with 106Rh beta-irradiation therefore leads to no increased danger of metastases. The following indications for this treatment are suggested: 1. Prominence of the tumor not exceeding 5 mm, largest diameter at its base not more than 15 mm. 2. Distance of the dorsal edge of the tumor at least 1-2 optic disc diameters from the nerve head. 3. Peripheral delimitation against the ciliary body. 4. No tumor growth outside the eye.
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PMID:[Radiotherapy of intraocular tumours, particularly of melanoma of the choroid (author's transl)]. 48 Aug 51

Conflicts amongst reports concerning the efficacy of both nonspecific and specific attempts at immunotherapy may be ascribed to different animal models utilizing tumors of different immunogenicity. We have selected the B16 mouse melanoma model as the example of a spontaneously occurring neoplasm that is histocompatible with the host and does have tumor-associated antigens. Attempts to alter tumor growth or survival with nonspecific active immunotherapy as well as with specific active immunotherapy were not successful. Nonspecific active pre-immunization failed to alter tumor take or growth. Specific active immunotherapy both with and without adjuvant did decrease tumor take and prolong host survival. The effects were increasingly documented at lower tumor cell inoculums and became less apparent with increase in the tumor cell challenge.
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PMID:Non-specific and specific active immunotherapy in a B16 murine melanoma system. 48 Sep 53

The sensitivity to local tumor hyperthermia (43 degrees, 60 min) of a spectrum of eight different solid mouse tumors (Lewis lung carcinoma, M5076 ovarian carcinoma, colon carcinoma 38, colon carcinoma 26, mammary adenocarcinoma C3HBA, mammary adenocarcinoma 16C, glioma 26, and B16 melanoma) was investigated. A microwave (2.45-GHz) apparatus produced localized heating of the tumors without generation of whole-body hyperthermia. The temperature at the center of the heated tumors was regulated to within +/- 0.1 degrees while the temperature uniformity within the tumor was +/- 0.5 degrees. The local hyperthermia treatments reduced the size and retarded the growth of the treated tumors compared with control values for each of the tumors tested. The faster-growing Lewis lung carcinoma and B16 melanoma were the least responsive to treatment, while the slower-growing colon 38 and M5076 ovarian carcinomas were the most responsive. Multiple treatments resulted in longer grwoth delays and greater tumor growth inhibition than did single treatments. No consistent difference in life span between the control and treated groups was measured, and only five of 188 treated animals were cured.
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PMID:Effects of local tumor hyperthermia on the growth of solid mouse tumors. 49 85

B16 melanoma was grown in the tail of B6D2F1/BOM mice. Procedures for simultaneous local 60Co irradiation and heat treatment are described. A dose of 4 Gy had no effect on tumour growth; heat treatment at 41.5 degrees C for 200 min had a minor effect, while the combined treatment caused a marked delay in tumor growth. Heat treatment of tumours in the thigh at 41.5 degrees C for 2 hours did not influence the frequency of lung metastases.
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PMID:Effect of hyperthermia alone and in combination with 60Co radiation on the growth of B16 melanoma in mice. 52 50

Peritoneal macrophages were collected from mice at varying periods after transplantation of an allogeneic malignant melanoma in the hind limb. The intracellular electrical potentials of these macrophages were measured and a correlation was found to exist between tumor growth measured by size and pathological examination, and the development of large negative intracellular potentials. We propose that this change in intracellular potential is correlated with changes in the immune system and may be triggered by membrane permeability changes possibly in response to calcium ions.
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PMID:Correlation between macrophage intracellular electrical potentials and malignant melanoma growth in a murine model. 54 27


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