Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The sonographic findings in the abdomen in 42 patients with intra-abdominal metastases from malignant melanoma are described. Multiple metastatic sites were seen in 10 of the 42, with the liver being the organ most often involved. Liver metastases were predominantly of low echo amplitude, and fluid was visible within 30 per cent of all metastases, probably being an indicator of the frequency of hemorrhage into these lesions. Bulky disease, especially in the retroperitoneum, was unusual in the patients examined, which probably accounts for the absence of hydronephrosis as a complication.
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PMID:The sonographic appearance of metastatic malignant melanoma. 615 30

Peritoneoscopy and guided needle biopsy were carried out as the staging procedure in patients with solid tumors. The disease was disseminated in 379 patients with various tumor types and limited in 109 with breast cancer and malignant melanoma. Adequate liver biopsies were obtained in all cases. Macroscopic liver tumors were demonstrated in 96 patients. Eleven additional patients had peritoneal or mesenteric tumors with normal livers. Attempts were made to improve the yield of positive findings of the procedure. The cytologic examination of cells adhering to the needle after biopsy or optimizing visualization of the liver surface by using a fiberoptic gastroscope did not answer this purpose. A 7.2% increase in liver tumor detection was obtained by taking 4-6 biopsies at random or towards deep palpated nodules in macroscopically normal livers. The data, although difficult to interpret in terms of accuracy of the method, suggest that in solid tumors random samplings of normal livers could contribute to the diagnosis of otherwise undetectable liver metastases.
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PMID:Improving peritoneoscopic staging of patients with solid tumors. 622 21

UCLA-SO-M14, a human melanoma cell line, was cultured for ten passages in vitro. The line was converted to an ascitic form, M14-A, by transplanting M14 into CD-1 nude mice and back into tissue culture. The minimum number of M14-A cells that formed ascites in all mice (within 10-21 days) was 5 X 10(5), and over 80% of such mice developed macroscopic liver metastases. M14-A inoculated subcutaneously formed tumor at the site of injection, but rarely led to the development of metastases. However, when M14-A was inoculated subcutaneously in young mice (1-14 days old), more than 50% developed lung (but not liver) metastases. The reproducibility of the formation of ascites and metastases was confirmed by testing M14-A at various passages. M14-A may be useful as a model for the metastatic process in human melanoma.
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PMID:Establishment of an ascitic human melanoma cell line that metastasizes to lung and liver in nude mice. 647 27

The mechanism of artificial and spontaneous metastases of tumor was analyzed in B16 melanoma cells and C57BL/6 mice by using anti-asialo GM1 antibody and anticancer agents. Single administrations of 500 micrograms anti-asialo GM1 antibody resulted in significantly decreased NK activity in spleen cells of C57BL/6 mice, lasting 10 days from the day following administration. Treatment with anti-asialo GM1 antibody never decreased the function of T lymphocytes measured by blastogenesis with phytohemagglutinin or T cell growth factor. The tumoricidal functions of activated macrophages but not of resident macrophages were decreased by in vivo treatment with anti-asialo GM1 antibody. The anti-asialo GM1 antibody was evaluated in terms of the enhancing effect on pulmonary metastases with regard to the timing of administration. Treatment with anti-asialo GM1 antibody 1 day before or on the day of tumor inoculation resulted in a substantial increase in the number of artificial pulmonary metastases. In the experimental system of spontaneous metastases, anti-asialo GM1 antibody most effectively increased the number of pulmonary metastases when administered 1-2 weeks before the removal of primary tumor, when the tumor cells are thought to be released into blood circulation from the primary site. In addition, accelerated growth of transplanted tumors at the primary site was observed in mice treated with anti-asialo GM1 antibody. These results strongly suggest that anti-asialo GM1 antibody enhances the incidence of in vivo tumor metastases and the growth of transplanted tumor mainly by suppressing the function of NK cells. The maximum effective dose (MED) of mitomycin C or its derivative (M-83) suppressed NK activity significantly, and pretreatment with these anticancer agents enhanced the growth of the artificial pulmonary and liver metastases. In contrast, the MED of cDDP showed no effect on the NK activity or the numbers of pulmonary and liver metastases. These results indicate that the depression of NK activity induced by chemotherapy results in the promotion of metastatic disease. From these studies it can be concluded that NK cells have a key role in the control of metastases of malignant disease, and that support of NK activity is very important for the prevention of metastases.
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PMID:Analysis of metastatic spread and growth of tumor cells in mice with depressed natural killer activity by anti-asialo GM1 antibody or anticancer agents. 673 2

The histories of 121 Stage II melanoma patients were reviewed to determine the value of monitoring serum LDH in postoperative follow-up examinations. Charts of 58 Stage III patients who had autopsies at UCLA also were reviewed to define the relationship between an elevated LDH and liver metastases. The sensitivity and specificity of LDH as an indicator of disease recurrence were 72.1% and 97.0%, respectively. As an indicator of liver metastases, LDH had a sensitivity and specificity of 95.1% and 82.8% in the Stage II patient group and 86.5% and 57.1% in the Stage III autopsied group. An elevated LDH was the first indication of recurrent disease in 11/88 (12.5%) Stage II patients and was almost as frequent an indicator of recurrent disease as pulmonary metastases found on chest x-ray. Mean survival following elevation of LDH was 5.9 months whether or not liver metastases were present. Monitoring of serum LDH can provide useful information in the postoperative follow-up of patients with melanoma.
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PMID:LDH and melanoma. 682 50

The chicken chorioallantoic membrane was used to select variant tumor cell subpopulations from the murine melanoma B16-BL6 and the rat glioma C6 cell lines. Tumor cells were deposited on the chicken chorioallantoic membrane of eggs 10 days postfertilization. Upon hatching, chickens were autopsied, and organs were removed, minced, and implanted s.c. in C57BL/6J mice (for melanoma) or nude mice (for glioma). A glioma growing s.c. from a chicken lung implant metastasized to the liver of the recipient nude mouse, and a melanoma growing s.c. from a chicken liver implant metastasized to the lung of its murine host. The s.c. melanoma contained distinct black and gray areas. Cell lines were established from the s.c. glioma (C6-V-1), from a metastasis of the C6-V-1 tumor (C6-V-2), and from the black and gray regions of the melanoma. Marked differences in lung colonization were seen 14 days after 1 X 10(5) parent BL6, Black, or Gray cultured cells were injected by tail vein into C57BL mice. In four separate experiments, fewer than 15 lung foci per mouse were found when BL6 cells were injected, whereas 100 to several hundred lung melanoma colonies per mouse were observed when Black or Gray cells were inoculated. Four of 18 nude mice bearing the s.c. C6-V-1 glioma developed liver metastases; no metastases have been observed in 15 nude mice bearing the s.c. parent C6 glioma. Significant differences in sensitivities to antineoplastic drugs were demonstrated between parent and variant glioma cell lines. The 33-fold increase in sensitivity to vincristine determined for C6-V-1 cells compared to parent C6 cells was particularly striking. Results suggest that the use of the chicken chorioallantoic membrane in situ, together with the nude mouse, might provide a method suitable for the selection and isolation of aggressive variants in heterogeneous human tumors.
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PMID:Selection of metastatic variants from heterogeneous tumor cell lines using the chicken chorioallantoic membrane and nude mouse. 683 18

Basing on results obtained in a group of 30 patients with malignant melanoma, the authors investigated the influence of therapy with cytostatics and of immunotherapy with dacarbazine or BCG, respectively, on the sonographic findings in examination of the liver. In 6 patients, we recorded a larger echo reflex pattern subsequent to therapy, similar to the observations made in diffuse changes in the liver and in the formation of multiple metastases in the liver. This complicated the differential sonographic assessment in respect of excluding multiple liver metastases. Diffuse growth occurred in three patients; we did not observe any extended branches of the protal vein, nor did we see any changes in the biliary tract pattern.
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PMID:[Influence and importance of dacarbazine and BCG in sonography of the liver (author's transl)]. 728 May 10

Previous data have indicated that the proteoglycan (PG) pattern is different on tumor cells with different liver metastatic potential. We selected "conventional" glycosaminoglycan (GAG) biosynthesis inhibitors, beta-D-xyloside (BX), 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), ethane-l-hydroxy-l,l-diphosphonate (ETDP) and the newly discovered 5-hexyl-2-deoxyuridine (HUdR), to modulate PGs on highly metastatic/liver-specific 3LL-HH murine carcinoma and HT168 human melanoma cells and to influence their liver colonization potential. These compounds all induced remarkable changes in GAG biosynthesis, but to varying degrees: glucosamine labelling was affected mainly by 2-DG, and HUdR and sulphation by BX and HUdR. Furthermore, the ratio of heparan sulphate/chondroitin sulphate (HS/CS) of PGs was increased by ETDP and decreased after treatment by HUdR. In addition to changes in PG metabolism, tumor-cell proliferation and adhesion to fibronectin were affected; BX and 2-DG stimulated cell proliferation and adhesion, while HUdR inhibited both proliferation and adhesion. Most interestingly, HUdR, the most effective inhibitor of HS/HSPG, depressed the formation of liver colonies, while ETDP, the most effective inhibitor of CS/CSPG, stimulated the appearance of liver colonies. These observations indicated that, at least in these experimental systems, tumor cells with a high HS/CS ratio are more likely to form liver metastases; consequently, anti-HS agents could also be anti-metastatic.
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PMID:Modulation of heparan-sulphate/chondroitin-sulphate ratio by glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis inhibitors affects liver metastatic potential of tumor cells. 755 26

Several metastatic models have been developed using clonal selection of human malignant cells metastasizing into a specific organ in NIH-I Swiss immunodeficient mice. The organs of choice were the central nervous system (CNS), targeted by metastases of malignant melanoma, and the liver, with metastases of colon adenocarcinoma. Additional models of adrenal metastases by malignant melanoma, and CNS involvement by implanted human lung squamous carcinoma or lymphoblastoid cells, are also available. Organ metastases, as well as the effects of treatment, were confirmed by autopsies and histological examination of the tissues or by a surgical inspection of the liver. The treatment end points were established as the increases in survival times of treated mice relative to placebo-treated controls. Camptothecins injected i.m. or delivered via gastrointestinal tract inhibit the growth of CNS metastases and increase the survival of treated animals. 9-Amino-20(S)-camptothecin was effective in the CNS model and in the model of liver metastases. The drug increased 3.3- and 5.7-fold the survival rates relative to untreated controls with metastases of colon adenocarcinoma to the liver, and all camptothecins were significantly more effective than 5-fluorouracil, currently a drug of choice in treatment of this disease. The xenograft models of metastases are available for studies of drug passage through the blood-brain barrier optimization of drug delivery to the liver, and for the development of new camptothecin-based treatment strategies.
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PMID:Growth inhibition of human cancer metastases by camptothecins in newly developed xenograft models. 758 47

A 66-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital, presenting with massive hematemesis. Emergency endoscopy revealed a bleeding tumor at the esophagogastric junction. The endoscopic appearance of the tumor was that of a Borrmann 2-like tumor, with a brownish-black discoloration. Bioptic histology confirmed the diagnosis of malignant melanoma. Atypical melanocytes with junctional changes were also found at a small pigmented patch in the lower esophagus, separate from the gross tumor. Melanocytosis was noted in the adjacent esophageal epithelium in the resection specimen following surgery. No primary lesion was found elsewhere, even in the patient's skin. These pathologic findings support the possibility of multicentric occurrence of malignant melanoma in esophageal melanocytosis. The patient is alive 11 months later, with multiple liver metastases. Massive hematemesis is an unusual presentation of primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus.
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PMID:Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus presenting with massive hematemesis. 758 56


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