Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The administration of anti-melanoma murine monoclonal antibody (MAB) 16.C8 (IgG2a) to nude mice bearing established human melanoma lung or liver metastases resulted in a significant inhibition of tumour growth. A total dose of 2 mg of affinity purified 16.C8 caused complete inhibition of tumour growth in 89 and 100% of animals in the liver and lung model, respectively. In contrast, a significant tumour growth was found in most control animals which received an irrelevant IgG2a MAB or 2% human serum albumin in Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS). The MAB was most effective when treatment was started on day 1 or 4 following tumour inoculation. When the 16.C8 MAB treatment was delayed 7 or 14 days, 33 and 67% of 16.C8 treated animals, respectively, developed tumours. The MAB-mediated anti-tumour activity appeared to be dose dependent, and the effect of a suboptimal dose was potentiated by the concomitant administration of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2). Recombinant IL-2 alone in a similar dose did not elicit comparable anti-tumour activity. Moreover, the MAB 16.C8 inhibited tumour growth in irradiated animals which may suggest the involvement of host-radioresistant cellular elements in the 16.C8 antibody-mediated anti-tumour activities in nude mice. These results suggest that MAB 16.C8 alone or combined with rIL-2 may prove useful in the immunotherapy of metastatic melanoma.
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PMID:Inhibition of the growth of human melanoma metastases in nude mice by melanoma-specific murine monoclonal antibody. 134 Dec 42

The purpose of this study was to develop an animal model of rectal cancer. Three murine-derived cell lines, B16 melanoma, CT26 and MCA38 colon carcinoma, as well as the human colon cancer cell line LS174T were injected into the submucosa of the mouse rectum. Subcutaneous CT26 anbd B16 tumours and intra-caecal CT26 tumours served as controls for tumourigenicity of the cell lines. B16 melanoma produced a locally aggressive rectal tumour as well as skin and para-aortic lymph node metastases. CT26 produced local tumour when injected intra-rectally and colon tumours and liver metastases when injected into the caecum. MCA38 and LS174T intra-rectal injections resulted in large rectal carcinomas without metastases. We believe that growth of a colon cancer cell line in the rectum approximates the human disease more closely than other models of colorectal cancer. We would expect that the model could similarly be utilized to assess the effects of novel adjuvant treatments for rectal cancer as well as in the study of the tumour biology of rectal cancer.
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PMID:Intra-rectal injection of tumour cells: a novel animal model of rectal cancer. 134 Dec 58

Nevus of Ota is uncommon in the non-Oriental population. We report a case of malignant melanoma with metastasis to the genitourinary tract in a Hispanic male with nevus of Ota. Thirty-six prior cases of nevus of Ota with malignant melanoma reported in the English language are reviewed. Sixty-eight percent were women; 76% were Caucasians. Metastatic disease was reported in 16%. Three patients had liver metastases. Our case was the first involving the genitourinary tract. All but one patient with metastatic disease died within 1 month of presentation. Despite the increased frequency of nevus of Ota in the Japanese, only 4 cases of malignant melanoma have been reported. Nevus of Ota would appear to be a risk factor for developing malignant melanoma in the Caucasian population.
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PMID:Malignant melanoma in a Hispanic male with nevus of Ota. 142 29

The efficacy of present day antineoplastic regimens depends upon the delivery and penetration of therapeutic agents through the tumor vascular and interstitial spaces to the tumor cell target. The distribution of relevant molecules or cells in a solid tumor is often poor and heterogeneous and is believed to be due to a number of pathophysiological factors, including elevated interstitial fluid pressure (IFP). Using the wick-in-needle technique, IFP was measured in primary breast and colorectal carcinomas as well as their respective metastases to the lymph nodes and liver in a total of 17 patients. IFP was also measured in one recurrent renal cell carcinoma, one melanoma metastasis to the lymph nodes, and another melanoma metastasis to the lung. IFP varied from 4 to 50 mm Hg with a mean +/- SD of 20 +/- 13 mm Hg in the neoplasms (n = 41 measurements; n = 21 tumors), while IFP in normal tissues had a mean of 2 +/- 4 mm Hg (n = 11). The mean IFPs for metastatic melanoma, primary breast carcinoma, and liver metastases from a colorectal primary were found to be 33 +/- 14, 15 +/- 9, and 21 +/- 12 mm Hg, respectively. In the renal cell carcinoma, the pressure was 38 mm Hg. These results agree with the findings of our 3 previous studies examining IFP in human superficial melanomas (14.3 +/- 12.5 mm Hg, n = 12), cervical carcinomas (15.7 +/- 5.7 mm Hg, n = 12), and head and neck tumors (13.2 +/- 8.8 mm Hg, n = 19), and indicate that in all types of human tumors studied to date, IFP was significantly elevated above that of normal tissue. This observation may be useful in localizing tumors during needle biopsy.
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PMID:Interstitial hypertension in human breast and colorectal tumors. 142 83

Liver metastases are frequent, often large and sometimes very late in skin or choroid metastatic melanoma. Hepatic failure is a rarely described complication in metastatic liver melanoma. We report a case of liver failure in a metastatic liver melanoma in a woman 76 years old, treated 16 years before for a choroid melanoma. About this case, we discuss the frequency, the location of primitive tumors and mechanism of liver failure in metastatic liver.
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PMID:[The metastatic liver: a rare cause of hepatocellular insufficiency]. 146 16

Thirty-one patients, 13 males and 18 females, with metastatic malignant melanoma were treated with human leukocyte interferon (IFN) alpha. The dose was 3 x 10(6) IU daily s.c. for 6 weeks followed by 6 x 10(6) IU/day 3 times a week. Only 1 patient (3%) achieved a partial response (PR) while 14 patients (45%) had disease stabilization for 2-8 months. Three patients experienced mixed responses, where some of the metastases responded, while the others were only stabilized. Interestingly, 1 patient showed regression of lung and disappearance of liver metastases after termination of IFN treatment. Two female patients are still alive without evidence of disease. After IFN they were treated with radiotherapy or surgery. The median survival for all the patients was 48 weeks. Our conclusion is that in IFN therapy long-term follow-up is indicated even in the absence of objective responses. In spite of poor response rate IFN may contribute beneficially to survival in a proportion of patients.
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PMID:Disease stabilization by leukocyte alpha interferon and survival of patients with metastatic melanoma. 154 88

A patient with liver metastases of human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) class II-negative malignant melanoma was treated with several cycles of adoptive immunotherapy with interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. The authors evaluated the efficacy of regional transfer of LAK cells versus systemic intravenous administration. Initially, the patient was treated according to a regional treatment protocol, consisting of perfusion of the spleen with interleukin-2 and transfer of LAK cells into the portal vein; a partial remission was observed. Because of technical problems, interleukin-2 and LAK cells were administered intravenously in a second treatment cycle. This systemic treatment course resulted only in a minor mixed response of the hepatic metastases. A third treatment course was administered with the use of intravenous interleukin-2 infusion and arterial perfusion of the liver with LAK cells. The patient had separate hepatic arteries to both lobes of the liver as an anatomic variation. Because most of the tumor mass was present in the right lobe of the liver, a third of the LAK cells were injected into the right hepatic artery and the remaining cells were administered intravenously. The lesions in the right lobe of the liver regressed, but disease progression occurred in the left lobe. A fourth treatment cycle, consisting of intravenous infusion of interleukin-2 and arterial perfusion of both lobes of the liver with LAK cells, resulted in a complete response of all hepatic lesions, which has lasted 18 months to date. Because, in this patient, tumor regression was observed only in anatomic areas of the liver, which were perfused with LAK cells, it is suggested that the regional administration of LAK cells was essential for successful treatment.
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PMID:Regional administration of lymphokine-activated killer cells can be superior to intravenous application. 154 23

There are four classical forms of immunotherapy: active, adoptive, restorative, and passive, and perhaps a fifth form, cytomodulatory, the upregulation of tumor-associated and HLA antigens to make tumors more recognizable by the immune system. Our 5-year experience with low-dose cyclophosphamide (CY) (350 mg/m2) before low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) (21.6 million IU/m2/d x 5 d/wk x 2 wk per course by IV bolus) is reviewed as an example of combination chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Twenty-six percent (10 of 39 evaluable patients) of patients with melanoma had major clinical responses; one other patient (2%) has had more than 48 months of response after a 40% regression of all tumors. Median survival was 18 months for responders and 8 months for the group as a whole. Eleven of 41 patients (27%) lived at least 12 months and four (10%) lived at least 2 years. Liver metastases regressed in 4 of 10 cases, with responses in lung, adrenal, skin, and lymph nodes but no bone. Toxicity was tolerable. A correlation between cytolysis of lymphocytes against a natural killer-resistant melanoma cell line (LAK-like activity) was found, but the role of LAK cells in vivo remains uncertain. No effect was noted in 15 patients with renal cancer, but regressions of breast cancer were found in a shortened trial with 13 patients. While the necessity for CY has not been established in these studies, the regimen of CY + IL-2 as it stands appears to have some clinical efficacy in at least two cancers.
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PMID:Chemotherapy in combination with biomodulation: a 5-year experience with cyclophosphamide and interleukin-2. 155 79

Reviewing the treatment perspectives with chemo- and immunotherapy in carcinomas and sarcomas to be treated by general or orthopedic surgeons, the following indications are regarded as recommendable: Adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy with radiation in anal carcinoma and neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy of high-grade malignant osteosarcoma. Isolation perfusion currently is the treatment of choice in melanoma metastasis limited to an extremity. With several indications, recent developments have produced promising results that should be urgently confirmed in appropriate studies. Therefore the following studies have a high priority: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in esophageal carcinoma and in locally advanced breast and stomach cancer, adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in colon carcinoma UICC III and chemoradiation in rectal carcinoma UICC II and III, systemic chemotherapy of metastasized stomach-, colorectal-, breast cancer and sarcomas. Isolated non-resectable liver metastases of colorectal origin and hepatocellular carcinoma should be included in studies evaluating the treatment advantage of regional chemotherapy. Those malignant "surgical" tumors not listed above should receive chemotherapy within experimental studies, after consideration of individual risk factors, or no chemotherapy. Immunotherapy with its various modalities is still in the experimental stage.
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PMID:[What is confirmed in chemo- and immunotherapy of solid tumors. Standard protocols, studies and new developments]. 160 55

The current method of evaluating hypervascular liver metastases with CT includes both contrast enhanced and unenhanced studies. The necessity of performing both examinations for the detection of liver metastases in the workup of malignant melanoma has not been specifically addressed. This study evaluates potential additional information derived from an unenhanced examination of the liver. We studied 55 patients with malignant melanoma who had both contrast enhanced and unenhanced CT examinations performed during the workup and staging of their disease. Sixteen patients had 89 measurable liver lesions seen on enhanced CT. Three patients had liver lesions that were too numerous to accurately measure. Unenhanced CT demonstrated only 62% of the measurable lesions. All liver lesions seen on the unenhanced images were identified on the enhanced studies. Only one metastasis was found to be comparatively smaller on the enhanced examinations. The unenhanced examinations detected no additional lesions. It is reasonable to perform only an enhanced examination during the workup and staging of malignant melanoma liver metastases.
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PMID:CT of melanoma liver metastases: is the examination without contrast media superfluous? 162 16


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