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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Heparinized samples of blood from three different patients were coded by impartial observers. The buffy coat leukocytes from the coded samples of blood were isolated and incubated separately with extracts of colon and pancreatic cancer in the tube leukocyte adherence inhibition assay. At the completion of the assay, the leukocytes from Patient 1 were equally nonadherent to both cancer extracts with a nonadherence index value of 8. By contrast, leukocytes from Patient 2 exhibited increased nonadherence to the extract of colon cancer (p = 0.02) with a nonadherence index value to colon cancer antigen of 89. Leukocytes from Patient 3 displayed increased nonadherence to the extract of pancreatic cancer (p less than 0.05) with a nonadherence index value to pancreatic cancer antigen of 39. When the code was broken, patients 1, 2, and 3 had diagnoses of malignant melanoma, colon cancer, and pancreatic cancer, respectively. Hence, this was a classical criss-cross experiment; the patient with malignant melanoma reacted to neither of the antigens, whereas the patients with colon and pancreatic cancer reacted to the sensitizing cancers which had unique organ-type specific neoantigens.
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PMID:Demonstration of tube leukocyte adherence inhibition assay with coded samples of blood. 8 17

Human gastrointestinal cancer xenografts were established in the nude mouse. Grafts were accomplished with gastric adenocarcinomas, gastric leiomyosarcoma, histiocytic lymphoma of the stomach and gallbladder, pancreatic tumors, colonic cancers and cell lines of duodenal (HUTU-80) and pancreatic (HS-766-T) cancers, melanoma (SK-Mel-5), and murine metastasizing Lewis lung carcinoma. The rate of successful xenografting of these tumors varied from virtually 100% with colon and duodenal cancer, 50% for a pancreatic cancer (P-1), to only 17% for gastric adenocarcinoma. Pancreas and colon adenocarcinomas have been maintained by successive xenotransplantation over 16 and 19 months, respectively. Human xenografts retained morphological identity with tissues of origin through several transplant generations and shared some of their ultrastructural characteristics but did not metastasize. Rodent xenografts, of heterogenous origin were characterized by differences in the duration of the latent period and in the rate of their initial development as described by the average doubling times and average slopes (B) of their growth curves. Differences between B of the Lewis lung carcinoma and all of the human xenografts and between B of a pancreatic adenocarcinoma and three other neoplasms were significant (P less than 0.05 to 0.04). Labeling indices determined for 14 cancer transplants were in the range of previously reported data for similar neoplasms in patients or other xenograft systems. These findings suggest that the nude mouse model can be used to evaluate endogenous properties of gastrointestinal cancers and their responses to exogenous agents.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal cancer studies in the human to nude mouse heterotransplant system. 32 Dec 90

This paper gives a detailed description of the microtest leukocyte adherence inhibition technique, as well as the results obtained with blood specimens coded by impartial observers. Three coded blood specimens from patients with colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, and melanoma were tested against crude membrane preparations of pancreatic and colon adenocarcinoma tumors. No tissue type-specific reactivity was observed. The inability to demonstrate specific reactivity was due to extensive variability observed within each test. The extensive variability resulted from time constraints of the workshop that necessitated deviations from the normal procedure.
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PMID:Demonstration of the microtest version of the leukocyte adherence inhibition assay. 36 88

In a multicentre study patients with liver metastases stratified to the histology of the primary tumour were investigated. A total of 102 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, primary liver carcinoma and malignant melanoma were treated with the thioether lipid ilmofosine. The drug was administered orally as a tablet at a dosage of 150-300 mg/day (75 mg/tablet). The tolerability of ilmofosine was poor. There was a dose-limiting gastrointestinal toxicity with nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite (WHO grade II-IV) in 67% of patients. During the period of therapy (1-29 weeks, 8.5 weeks mean) no complete remission and no partial response were observed. We thus conclude that treatment with oral ilmofosine is not effective in patients with liver metastases due to various malignancies.
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PMID:Treatment results of the thioether lipid ilmofosine in patients with malignant tumours. 132 33

The incidence of cancer was studied in a population-based cohort of 9,353 individuals (8,340 men and 1,013 women) with a discharge diagnosis of alcoholism in 1965-83, followed up for 19 years (mean 7.7). After exclusion of cancers in the first year of follow-up, 491 cancers were observed cf 343.2 expected through 1984 (standardized incidence ratio [SIR] = 1.4, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.3-1.6). A similar excess risk of cancer was seen among men (SIR = 1.4, CI = 1.3-1.6) and among women (SIR = 1.5, CI = 1.1-2.0). We observed the established associations with cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx (SIR = 4.1, CI = 2.9-5.7), esophagus (SIR = 6.8, CI = 4.5-9.9), larynx (SIR = 3.3, CI = 1.7-6.0), and lung (SIR = 2.1, CI = 1.7-2.6), although confounding by smoking likely increased these risk estimates. While there was evidence of increased risk for pancreatic cancer (SIR = 1.5, CI = 0.9-2.3), alcoholism did not elevate the incidence of cancer of the stomach (SIR = 0.9, CI = 6-1.4), large bowel (SIR = 1.1, CI = 0.8-1.5), prostate (SIR = 1.0, CI = 0.8-1.3), urinary bladder (SIR = 1.0, CI = 0.6-1.5), or of malignant melanoma (SIR = 0.9, CI = 0.3-1.9). Among women, the number of breast cancers observed was close to expected (SIR = 1.2, CI = 0.6-2.2), although a significant excess number of cervical cancers occurred (SIR = 4.2, CI = 1.5-9.1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Alcoholism and cancer risk: a population-based cohort study. 152 22

Human anti-murine antibody (HAMA) response is a serious problem in the repeated infusion of murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). HAMA positive sera were obtained from seven patients with colorectal cancer, pancreas cancer, malignant melanoma or myocardial infarction who had previously received radiolabelled MoAbs. The nature of HAMA was analysed using size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after incubating with radiolabelled MoAbs including IgG, Fab or human/mouse chimeric Abs. Immune complexes composed of HAMA and MoAbs were formed. The percentage of radioactivity with a high molecular weight was related to HAMA levels determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Most radioactivity present in immune complex shifted to the antibody fraction after the addition of normal murine serum. All of seven sera were reactive with all four murine IgGs and this suggests that HAMA in these patients recognised the constant region of MoAbs. In one patient, HAMA was considered to recognise the variable region and to be anti-idiotypic. There was no significant binding with human/mouse chimeric Abs in any HAMA positive serum, although five out of seven patients were reactive with murine MoAb Fab, indicating that HAMA was composed of Abs responsive to the CH1 or CL region of murine IgG. These results suggest that (1) HAMA was composed of Ab responsive to Fc portion and/or CH1 or CL region of murine IgG, and (2) human/mouse chimeric Abs look promising in the repeated infusion of MoAb in HAMA positive patients.
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PMID:Human/mouse chimeric antibodies show low reactivity with human anti-murine antibodies (HAMA). 173 17

Phosphotyrosine-containing proteins in various human cancer cell lines were studied by immunoblotting with anti-phosphotyrosine antibody. Of 29 cell lines derived from oral epidermoid cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and malignant melanoma, 3 of the 6 gastric cancer cells showed aberrant elevation of tyrosine-specific phosphorylation. On the other hand, both esophageal cancer cells and colon cancer cells, which were reported to have amplified epidermal growth factor receptor and activated p60v-src kinase, respectively, showed no apparent elevation of tyrosine-specific phosphorylation, and their profiles of phosphorylation were similar to that of normal human fibroblasts. Two gastric cancer cells, NUGC-4 and MKN-45, showed similar profiles of phosphorylation but their responses to growth factors differed from each other. Tyrosine phosphorylation in NUGC-4 was strongly activated by treatment with epidermal growth factor and quickly reduced by the acid treatment which is effective in removing growth factors from cellular surface receptors. On the contrary, phosphorylation in MKN-45 did not respond to either growth factor or acid treatment. These results suggest that NUGC-4 and MKN-45 have tyrosine kinases which are activated by different mechanisms but share similar substrates.
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PMID:Aberrant elevation of tyrosine-specific phosphorylation in human gastric cancer cells. 177 66

After a 5-day period of continuous intravenous infusion of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2) in seven patients with malignant melanoma or gastric or pancreatic cancer, different lymphocyte subsets were separated from patients' blood and tested ex vivo for cytotoxic activity against various tumour cell lines. Lytic activity was mediated by CD3+CD56+, CD3-CD56+, CD3-CD2+ and CD8+CD56+ lymphocytes. No cytotoxic activity could be observed within the CD3+CD56-, CD3+CD2+ or CD4+ T cell subsets. To characterize CD56+ cytotoxic cells further, the expression of other antigens on this population was analysed before and after IL-2 therapy. CD3, CD4, CD16 and CD57 antigens were weakly expressed, and the IL-2 receptor (CD25) was not detectable on these cells either before and after treatment with IL-2. In contrast, increased expression of CD2. CD8 and HLA-DR antigens occurred following therapy. The divergence of CD3 and CD8 antigen expression after IL-2 therapy was caused by an increase in CD3-CD8+ cells, detectable as a low-density CD8+ subset. This study shows that cytotoxic activity of in vivo IL-2-activated killer cells is predominantly, but not exclusively, mediated by CD3-CD56+ lymphocytes, partially coexpressing the CD8 antigen and lacking the expression of CD16 antigens.
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PMID:Cytotoxic activity and phenotypic characteristics of lymphocyte subsets after therapy of cancer patients with interleukin-2. 187 92

The role of host factors in the etiology of pancreatic cancer has received a paucity of systematic investigation. Anecdotal reports and one population-based study have supported the concept that familial clustering of this disease exists. We have studied a kindred with a cancer-associated genodermatosis known as familial atypical multiple mole melanoma (FAMMM) syndrome (hereditary dysplastic nervus syndrome). Three key relatives have manifested pancreatic carcinoma. Since FAMMM may account for as much as 10% of the total malignant melanoma burden, its association with pancreatic cancer harbors important public health implications. Given the fact that the etiology of pancreatic cancer remains enigmatic, it is important to investigate all possible clues to its causality, including the potential role of host factors.
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PMID:Pancreatic cancer and the familial atypical multiple mole melanoma (FAMMM) syndrome. 188 81

In 1974 and 1975, serum specimens were collected from 25,802 volunteers in Washington County, Maryland. The serum was kept frozen at -73 degrees C until the time of assay. Prediagnostic samples from 436 cancer cases and 765 matched control subjects have been assayed. Nine sites have been studied: colon, rectum, pancreas, lung, melanoma, basal cell of skin, breast, prostate, and bladder. Serum beta-carotene levels showed a strong protective association with lung cancer, suggestive protective associations with melanoma and bladder cancer, and a suggestive but nonprotective association with rectal cancer. Serum vitamin E levels had a protective association with lung cancer; none of the other sites showed impressive associations. Low levels of serum lycopene were strongly associated with pancreatic cancer and less strongly associated with cancer of the bladder and rectum.
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PMID:Prediagnostic serum levels of carotenoids and vitamin E as related to subsequent cancer in Washington County, Maryland. 198 96


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