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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Some authors have considered lentigo maligna to be an atypical melanocytic proliferation, whereas others have considered it to be melanoma in situ. We reviewed 50 cases of lentigo maligna. We have identified two subsets of lesions. The first has atypical melanocytic hyperplasia, which we postulate to be correctly designated lentigo maligna. The second subset has the following features in addition to the melanocytic hyperplasia: individual and nests of cells at varying layers of the epidermis, confluence of the melanocytes replacing the basilar region, uniformity of the cytological atypia, and nesting of uniformly atypical melanocytes. These lesions we designate as malignant melanoma in situ, lentigo maligna type. We are proposing that the lesions that have been termed lentigo maligna represent a spectrum of atypia and that the application of some of the traditional features for the diagnosis melanoma may permit the segregation of more and less aggressive lesions.
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PMID:Lentigo maligna and malignant melanoma in situ, lentigo maligna type. 1033 23

Azelaic acid is a naturally occurring straight-chained 9-carbon atom dicarboxylic acid which is non-toxic, non-teratogenic, and non-mutagenic. Its antiproliferative and cytotoxic effect on a variety of tumoural cell lines in culture, due to inhibition of mitochondrial oxidoreductases of the respiratory chain and of enzymes concerned with DNA synthesis is well established; normal cells are unaffected at similar dosages and times of exposure. Human melanoma cells xenotransplanted onto athymic nude mice are significantly affected by administration of azelaic acid. Clinically, in humans, it has already been shown to cause regression of melanoma in situ and primary invasive malignant melanoma. These results rank azelaic acid as a potential general antitumoural agent. It can be administered topically, focally, orally, intravenously, intra-arterially, and intralymphatically, all without local or general ill-effects, and is metabolized without harmful side-products. Simultaneous administration by different routes can ensure delivery of high concentrations at lesional sites and for sustained periods. Courses can be repeated. In addition to melanoma, cutaneous and bronchial squamous cell carcinoma, bladder and breast cancers, and leukaemia would seem to be ideal candidates for further clinical investigation and trial of the anti-cancer potential of azelaic acid, as prime, adjuvant, and palliative therapy, and for disseminated disease.
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PMID:Azelaic acid: potential as a general antitumoural agent. 1036 81

Melanocytic nevus cells in the dermis adopt many morphological features of Schwann cells. These differentiation-related changes typically are not observed in melanomas. However, nevus cells do not fully recapitulate a Schwann cell phenotype, because they lack expression of mature myelin-associated proteins. In this study, melanocytic nevi and malignant melanomas were examined by immunohistochemistry for expression of low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (p75NGFR), neural cell adhesion molecule (CD56/N-CAM), and growth-associated phosphoprotein-43 (GAP-43). These three proteins define the earliest stages of Schwann cell development but are not expressed in myelinated Schwann cells or normal melanocytes. p75NGFR was expressed in 25 of 25 (100%) and CD56/N-CAM and GAP-43 in 23 of 25 (92%) nevi, predominantly in type C nevus cells and nevic corpuscles. Most (84%) of the nevi expressed all three proteins. In primary invasive and metastatic melanoma, expression of each of the three proteins was limited to </=20% of lesions but was not observed in any melanoma in situ (chi(2 )P < 0.0001). None of the melanomas expressed all three proteins (ANOVA P < 0.0001). These data confirm and extend earlier studies by showing that terminal differentiation of melanocytes in the dermis recapitulates some aspects observed in the earliest stages of Schwann cell development and that invasive melanomas follow a divergent pathway. Studying these early differentiation events may help to identify specific defects in the relevant signaling pathways and establish tenable targets for therapy of advanced-stage melanoma.
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PMID:Divergent cellular differentiation pathways during the invasive stage of cutaneous malignant melanoma progression. 1043 47

We calculated the short-term and long-term risks of developing cancer among 3,766 patients with a diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma in situ in Sweden from 1958 to 1992. In total, 393 patients developed a primary cancer at any site compared with an expected number of 177 [standardized incidence ratio (SIR) = 2.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.0-2.4]. Patients below 60 years of age at diagnosis had the highest SIR (2.7, 95% CI = 2.3-3.2). The overall risks were similar between men and women. The highest risk was seen during the first year of follow-up, though the risk remained elevated also after 15 or more years of follow-up. For specific sites, the highest SIR was found for developing invasive cutaneous malignant melanoma (SIR = 22.2). The risk of subsequent primary non-melanoma skin cancer was elevated 8-fold in men and almost 7-fold in women. An elevated risk was also found for female breast cancer (SIR = 1.4). Especially among women, other sites with increased cancer risk (though not significant) were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (SIR = 1.9), multiple myeloma (3.2) and cancers of the colon (1.6) and pancreas (1.6). In conclusion, patients with melanoma in situ run a generally increased risk of developing primary cancers, especially cutaneous malignant melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The increased long-term risk of cancer after diagnosis of melanoma in situ may be due to continuing carcinogenic exposure or to intrinsic tumor susceptibility.
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PMID:Cancer risk in patients with earlier diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma in situ. 1049 22

It was recently demonstrated that interleukin-8 (IL-8) is produced by cultured melanoma cells and acts as an essential autocrine growth factor. Earlier studies from our laboratory demonstrated a direct correlation between IL-8 expression in human variant cell lines and their metastatic potential in nude mice. In the present study we examined the expression of IL-8 in human malignant melanomas using immunohistochemistry to correlate IL-8 levels with disease stage. None of the radial growth phase (RGP) tumours (melanoma in situ) expressed IL-8. In contrast, 50% of the vertical growth phase (VGP) tumours (invasive melanoma), which have a high risk of metastasis, showed IL-8 immunoreactivity. Further, all the metastatic lesions analysed showed intense staining for IL-8; the levels were higher than those observed in the primary skin tumours. In summary, the data suggest an association between the expression of IL-8 and the metastatic phenotype.
Melanoma Res 1999 Aug
PMID:Expression of interleukin-8 in primary and metastatic malignant melanoma of the skin. 1050 57

The present study describes the liposome-mediated delivery of the type 1 ribosome-inactivating protein luffin to human melanoma cells in vitro. Luffin from Luffa cylindrica seeds has been successfully incorporated into lecithin/cholesterol and lecithin/cholesterol/dicetylphosphate negatively charged liposomes. The exposure of melanoma cells to the two types of liposomes resulted in the inhibition of protein synthesis and cell growth; apoptotic cell death was verified by means of TUNEL reaction and quantitation of cytosolic oligonucleosome-bound DNA. The toxicity of encapsulated luffin varied with the lipid composition of the vesicles; the strongest effect was observed with lecithin/cholesterol liposomes. These results identify liposome-incorporated luffin as a possible alternative to immunotoxins for the treatment of human melanoma in situ.
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PMID:Antiproliferative effect and apoptotic response in vitro of human melanoma cells to liposomes containing the ribosome-inactivating protein luffin. 1057 41

Melanoma of the penis is rare and the prognosis is very poor. We report a case of melanoma in situ localized on the penile shaft. Melanoma in situ of the penis is extremely rare. We emphasize that early diagnosis of melanoma in situ will improve the prognosis of melanoma of the penis.
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PMID:Melanoma in situ of the penis. 1644 84

Since cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) and melanoma in situ (MIS) of the head and neck have only partially been differentiated from CMM of other anatomic sites, these lesions are classified in detail in this study. Data from 756 patients derived from the population-based register of the Stockholm-Gotland area were analyzed and the findings showed that the incidence of CMM was 3.4 times higher in the face compared to the skin outside the head-neck area and that lentigo maligna melanoma was 74 times and nodular melanoma 2.3 times more common in the face. Mean age at diagnosis was significantly higher for patients with CMM of the head and neck irrespective of histogenetic type. Tumor site within the head and neck related to age at diagnosis. CMM of the head and neck differs from CMM of other locations. Epidemiological data are in agreement with the hypothesis that UV radiation (chronic or intermittent) may give rise to melanomas with various phenotypic traits.
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PMID:Epidemiological characteristics of cutaneous malignant melanoma of the head and neck--a population-based study. 1066 65

Dermoscopy (dermatoscopy, epiluminescence microscopy) is an additional measure for making the diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions more accurate. It enables the clinician to visualize features not discernible by the naked eye. By applying enhanced digital dermoscopy and a standardized gross pathology protocol to pigmented skin lesions, a precise clinicopathological correlation of relevant dermoscopic features can be made. Histological specimens of four pigmented skin lesions (melanoma in situ, Clark's nevus, Reed's nevus, seborrheic keratosis) were processed using a standardized gross pathology protocol and viewed along with the clinical photographs and digital dermoscopic images that were magnified and enhanced to better visualize the corresponding dermoscopic structures. Furthermore, measurements of dermoscopic structures using digital equipment were correlated with histometric findings. Our understanding of dermoscopic features, especially the broadened pigment network - a specific dermoscopic criterion for melanoma - was refined by this detailed case-by-case correlation. In addition, some not yet fully characterized dermoscopic features, such as black lamella, radial streaks, and exophytic papillary structures, were described in detail dermoscopically and histopathologically. Moreover, measurements of these dermoscopic features and the underlying histological structures were found to be similar. Linking dermoscopy more closely with cutaneous pathology may help refine the definitions and diagnostic criteria of pigmented skin lesions for dermatologists as well as dermatopathologists.
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PMID:Clinicopathological correlation of pigmented skin lesions using dermoscopy. 1069 93

We describe a case of melanoma in situ occurring on the oral mucosa in an adolescent male patient who has dysplastic nevus syndrome. This association has not been previously reported and is of interest both because of the rarity of melanoma involving the oral mucosa, particularly in childhood, and because of the lack of any previous reports of oral mucosal melanoma in association with the dysplastic nevus syndrome.
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PMID:Melanoma in situ of the oral mucosa in an adolescent with dysplastic nevus syndrome. 1077 69


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