Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Malignant melanomas of the superficial spreading type usually have an intraepidermal tumour component in their periphery which frequently displays the morphological features of a melanoma in situ (adjacent MIS). It is thus comparable to exclusively epidermal melanomas; melanoma in situ (MIS). Taking 10 superficial melanomas with a nodular component ("SSM/NM") 31 adjacent MIS regions and 36 nodular melanoma components were analysed in serial tissue slides. Planimetric estimation of the nuclear areas was employed as a measure of anisokaryosis. DNA-Feulgen-cytophotometry was applied to obtain an objective variable in judging malignancy in the DNA-histographs (paraffin material). Furthermore we investigated 8 metastases of one of the malignant melanomas applying the methods described. A comparison of the epidermal with the invasive tumour components revealed an increase in the nuclear area which, however, decrease from the superior to the inferior nodular regions and which are further reduced in melanoma metastases. Anisokaryosis is evidently less in metastases compared with all primary melanomas. The nuclear DNA-content increases from the epidermal to the invasive tumour compartments and is lower in the inferior nodular regions when compared with the superior ones. No further significant differences are, however, established in the metastases. The coefficients of variability of the DNA-contents, being a potential indicator of DNA-heterogeneity reflect higher values in the epidermal tumour components compared with the nodular regions, decreasing from the superior to the inferior nodular parts of the tumour. All metastases have smaller values than the respective primary melanoma. In the DNA-histographs 75% of the intraepidermal tumour components have obvious signs of malignancy including tumour cell stem lines in 19% of the cases. 85% of the nodular regions investigated have clear signs of malignancy, 33% of which also have aneuploid stem lines. All metastases have obvious signs of malignancy and tumour cell stem lines in 50% of the cases observed. The following conclusions can be drawn from our findings: DNA-Feulgen-cytophotometry and nuclear planimetry are additional feasible methods for judging the epidermal component of a melanocytic lesion as malignant (adjacent melanoma in situ) on paraffin material. Furthermore these methods give different results in invasive nodular versus epidermal (in situ) melanoma components. Both the DNA-histographs and our immunohistochemical investigations (monoclonal antibody P 3.58) indicate the malignant potential of adjacent MIS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Melanoma in situ (MIS) adjacent to an invasive nodular melanoma ("SSM/NM") and its metastases--DNA-cytophotometry, mitotic index, and anisokaryosis. 311 63

Pattern analysis by epiluminescence microscopy of pigmented skin lesions was tested in a study of 318 small pigmented skin lesions that were diagnostically equivocal when examined with the naked eye. An improvement of clinical diagnosis was achieved by epiluminescence microscopy for practically all lesions, both benign and malignant, and was equally impressive for melanocytic and nonmelanocytic lesions. Improvement in diagnostic accuracy was as follows: for small nodular melanomas, from 50% to 70%; for superficial spreading melanoma in situ, from 46% to 80%; for invasive superficial spreading melanoma, from 64% to 90%; and for early lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma, from 67% to 88%. Conversely, the diagnosis of pigmented Spitz nevi improved from 46% to 93% and of pigmented basal cell carcinomas from 60% to 90%, which appears equally important because most of these lesions had clinically been considered to represent melanomas. The use of epiluminescence microscopy also resulted in considerable improvement in the diagnosis of dysplastic nevi, which was particularly helpful in making therapeutic decisions. Epiluminescence microscopy greatly expands the diagnostic armamentarium available for pigmented skin lesions at a clinical level and thus increases the chances of detecting or ruling out melanoma in its earliest stages.
 ...
PMID:In vivo epiluminescence microscopy of pigmented skin lesions. II. Diagnosis of small pigmented skin lesions and early detection of malignant melanoma. 366 3

There has been a world-wide exponential increase in the incidence of thin malignant melanoma. At the Sydney Melanoma Unit, the proportion of patients diagnosed as having superficial spreading melanoma has more than doubled from 33% prior to 1960 to 78% during 1980-83. A study was made of the non-invasive component of malignant melanoma with an adjacent non-invasive component of the superficial spreading type in an attempt to elucidate the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in these changing trends. In this study on 723 cases of melanoma with a superficial spreading component, there was evidence that 39% originated in a precursor lesion. In the remaining 61%, the adjacent superficial spreading component consisted of melanoma in situ, suggesting that these were melanomas from the beginning. The latter lesions were thinner and had a lower degree of mitotic activity than melanomas commencing in a precursor lesion. Despite the large increase in incidence of superficial spreading melanomas and the shift to thinner lesions over time, there appeared to be no difference in the proportion of lesions commencing de novo to those commencing in a precursor lesion. This suggests that the precursor lesion may be of genetic origin.
 ...
PMID:Histogenesis of malignant melanoma with an adjacent component of the superficial spreading type. 404 26

The histopathology of melanocytic proliferations in human skin can be defined in a way which allows a rational approach to their management. Early and/or premalignant lesions such as melanocytic hypertrophy, hyperplasia, dysplasia, and atypical hyperplasias are correlated with clinical lesions such as lentigo, compound nevoid lentigo, changes in nevi during pregnancy, and unusual moles seen in patients with the dysplastic nevus syndrome. Clinical management of such lesions may be determined from the pathological process. Hypertrophic and hyperplastic lesions need not be re-excised, although partially removed moles showing junctional hyperplasia may recur clinically. The mildly and moderately dysplastic nevus need only be narrowly removed. Severe dysplasia and melanoma in situ may recur locally as invasive melanoma, and consideration for conservative reexcision is warranted. Dysplastic nevi should be considered to be markers of patients who may develop melanoma. Patients with dysplastic nevi or a family history of unusual moles or melanoma should have continued follow-up, preferably with standardized clinical photographs.
 ...
PMID:Diagnosis and management of premalignant melanocytic proliferations. 404 33

Two patients are reported who were treated with 8-methoxypsoralen and ultraviolet A (PUVA) for psoriasis and developed cutaneous lesions of malignant melanoma in situ (atypical melanocytic hyperplasia). One patient received 324.5 joules/cm2 of UVA. Seven months after discontinuing therapy, he developed a superficial spreading melanoma in situ in association with an intradermal nevus on the left posterior thoracic area. The second patient received 2,802 joules/cm of UVA. While on PUVA therapy she developed an in situ lentigo melanoma on her lower lip. To our knowledge only one other psoriatic patient and one patient with vitiligo have developed malignant melanomas after PUVA therapy, so that an increased incidence of malignant melanomas after PUVA therapy, so that an increased incidence of malignant melanoma following PUVA is not documented.
 ...
PMID:Malignant melanoma in situ in two patients treated with psoralens and ultraviolet A. 664 89

The biological effects brought about by the selective accumulation of 35S-labelled methylthionine bromide (MTB) in pigmented hamster melanoma cells were examined in vitro and vivo. In vitro incubation of melanoma cells 35S-carrier-containing medium was found to suppress mitotic activity within 150 h whereas the same concentration before reimplantation into the skin, a clear-out correlation between 35S radioactivity and the capacity of growth initiation could be found. The growth of melanoma in situ could also be delayed by injecting the 35S-carrier to tumour-bearing animals.
 ...
PMID:A new radioactive drug selectively accumulating in Melanoma cells. 714 Jul 81

It is sometimes difficult to recognize precursors and early forms of malignant melanoma, even in histologic sections. Atypic melanocyte hyperplasia (AMH) occurs in the epidermal part of several benign pigment cell tumours and often evoke the suspicion of beginning malignancy. Probably there are some potentials for malignant transformation in AMH. Severe atypical melanocytic hyperplasia (SMH) corresponds to the concept of "early malignancy" in the meaning of McGovern. Severe melanocytic dysplasia (SMD) in the meaning of Clark et al. stands for an intraepidermal malignant melanoma (melanoma in situ). SMD occurs in SSM and in lentigo maligna. Sometimes it is impossible to assign it to a special type of melanoma. The importance to recognize histologically the differing behaviour of proliferating melanocytes within the epidermis for diagnosis of early malignant melanoma is accentuated.
 ...
PMID:[Precursors and early forms of malignant melanomas of the skin (author's transl)]. 724 22

Sixteen malignant melanoma patients with different levels of tumor progression, two patients with melanoma in situ (Clark 10 two bronchogenic carcinoma patients and nine healthy controls were tested by means of the leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) test to assess the function of their cellular mediated immunity. Blood leukocytes were incubated with allogeneic melanoma-associated antigen obtained from potassium chloride extract of tumor cells. Fifteen malignant melanoma patients with clinical stage I-III (Clark level 2-5) showed positive LAI-reaction when leukocytes were tested with melanoma associated antigen. Leukocyte adherence inhibition was neither monitored in healthy controls, in patients with melanoma in situ, nor in those two patients with squamous and oat cell type bronchogenic carcinoma. Extracts prepared from normal skin showed no inhibitive effect on leukocyte adherence in malignant melanoma patients and controls. A decreased percentage of LAI was observed in malignant melanoma patients with disseminated disease due to an increased spontaneous leukocyte adherence in these patients. This increase in spontaneous leukocyte adherence was probably caused by non-specific activation of adherent cells (macrophages) as a result of the prolonged therapy and/or the progressive tumor levels in these patients.
 ...
PMID:Studies of cellular mediated immunity in malignant melanoma patients by Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition Test. 742 70

Lentigo maligna (LM) is a pigmented lesion that occurs on the sun-exposed skin, particularly the head and neck areas, of an older patient. The lesion increases in size and at some point, often many years after its onset, may become lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM). For this reason, most authors consider LM a form of melanoma in situ. Treatment includes surgical or destructive modalities; the preferred form of therapy is surgical removal. Histopathologic features include a proliferation of atypical melanocytes along the basal layer of the epidermis and adnexal structures. This article discusses the clinical, histopathologic, and epidemiologic features of LM. The prognosis and treatment of LM are reviewed. Although the lifetime risk of the development of LMM is unclear, LMM is discussed briefly.
 ...
PMID:Lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma. 930 80

We investigated the clinical characteristics and outcome of 49 patients with malignant melanoma: 17 with acral lentiginous melanoma; 14 with nodular melanoma, six with superficial spreading melanoma, one with lentigo maligna melanoma, eight with melanoma in situ, one with malignant blue nevus, and two with melanoma of unknown origin. Of the 41 patients without melanoma in situ, 34.1% were in stage I, 17.1% in stage II, and 48.8% in stage III. No patients had reached stage IV. All patients with stage I, II, and III melanoma were treated with wide resection, lymph node dissection including prophylactic dissection, and combination chemotherapy with dacarbazine, nimustine hydrochloride, and vincristine (DAV) with or without Interferon-beta. The statistical analysis revealed that tumor thickness and level of invasion were factors significantly associated with outcome. A gradual increase in the number of new cases of melanoma was seen each year of the registration period (1982-1991); there was an approximately 4-fold increase during this decade over the previous decade. The majority of the primary lesions (80.5%) were located on the upper or lower extremities, the pT4 tumor thickness subgroup was the most frequent (39.0% of all melanomas), and invasion level IV was the most common (42.5%). About half (51.2%) of the melanoma patients were stage I or II; this group had a 5-year survival rate of 100%. The stage III patients had a 5-year survival rate of only 54.2% (p < 0.05).
 ...
PMID:Statistical survey from 1982 to 1991 of 49 patients with malignant melanocytic tumors. 756 Apr 35


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>