Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Microwave oven (mwo) is used to stimulate tissue fixation and to retrieve antigens damaged by fixation. Heavy metal salt solutions, water, and citric acid buffer (cab) have been suggested for this purpose. A serie of tumors treated with cab and phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) with mwo were studied immunohistochemically with 24 antibodies. Controls were treated in the same way, except for microwaving. The antibodies were directed against antigens of the following tumors: breast and prostate carcinoma, carcinoid, lymphoma and melanoma. The results showed that cab enhanced the immunoreactivity of the following antigens: estrogen receptors (AMAC), progesterone receptors (Novocastra), HMB45, vimentin, leukocyte common antigen, PCNA, p53, MIB-1 (Ki-67) and prostatic specific antigen. The antigens that did not improve their immunoreactivity, when compared with the control series were: factor VIII, keratin, Leu 22, L26, neuron-specific enolase, CEA, chromogranin, HBME-1, smooth muscle actin and EMA. Microwaving equally improved protein S100 and desmin either with cab or pbs. The only antigen that improved with pbs was actin. The results with B72.3 and NKI/C3 were poor and not reliable. In conclusion microwaving with cab enhances the immunoreactivity of the antibodies mentioned above leading to an increase in sensibility without loosing specificity.
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PMID:[Antigen retrieval by microwave oven with buffer of citric acid]. 799 28

In order to evaluate a possible discriminatory diagnosis interest of HMB-45 monoclonal antibody in different melanocytic population, it was tested on 48 benign and malignant melanocytic lesions embedded in paraffin. There were made of 16 benign nevus (33%), 18 dysplastic nevus (38%) and 14 malignant melanomas (29%). The reaction was positive in 11 benign tumors (69%), 18 dysplastic nevus (100%), and 12 malignant melanomas (86%); negative in 5 dermal nevus (31%) and 2 desmoplastic melanomas (14%). We have researched, by the KHI square (chi 2) statistical test, a relation between the reaction intensity, its cutaneous location, and the tumor type. The reaction intensity is not statistically linked with the tumor type. The cutaneous location of the reaction is statistically more heterogeneous in malignant melanoma than in benign or dysplastic melanocytic lesions. Among the dysplastic nevus, 6 cases (38%), of the familial type, have an heterogeneous reaction looking like the malignant melanoma's one. However, there is no significant difference, in the reaction pattern, between dysplastic and benign lesions. Nevertheless some dysplastic nevus seems to have a phenotypic expression for HMB-45 midway between benign and malignant melanocytic lesion, that will be interesting to precise. Otherwise, the simple use and the staining of HMB-45 monoclonal antibody are of great interest to assess the depth of primary cutaneous melanoma and to diagnose secondary melanoma. However, the negativity of the spindle cell type justify the association of other markers, particularly the S100 protein, which is more sensitive, in the diagnosis of desmoplastic malignant melanoma.
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PMID:[Comparative study of HMB-45 monoclonal antibody uptake on various benign and malignant melanocytic lesions]. 836 67

Atypical fibroxanthoma is a cutaneous soft tissue tumor that may mimic squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma on clinical and histologic examination. Immunohistochemical stains for cytokeratin, S100 protein, and vimentin may be helpful in differentiating atypical fibroxanthoma from the latter two diagnoses. We report a patient with atypical fibroxanthoma of the cheek who underwent successful local excision. The clinical and laboratory features of this neoplasm are reviewed.
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PMID:Atypical fibroxanthoma of the cheek: a case report. 841 11

In vitro cultured human uveal and skin melanoma cells were injected into the chicken embryonal eye at a stage when the immune system was not yet mature. The melanoma cells were accepted as part of the organism by the host. Even single melanoma cells could be traced by morphological methods as well as by immunohistochemical markers, such as S100, HMB-45, NKI/C3 and HNK-1. We found tumors in 20 and 40 percent of the embryos injected with uveal melanoma and skin melanoma, respectively. The embryos did not exhibit abnormal development of the eye as a result of the microinjection and had a high survival rate (90 and 60%, respectively) during embryogenesis. With this model for uveal melanoma the growth and possibly the metastatic behavior of human uveal melanoma cells can be studied.
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PMID:A chicken embryo model to study the growth of human uveal melanoma. 847 23

The clinical significance of serum S100 was assessed in comparison to neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in 126 patients with malignant melanoma: 80 patients with clinical stage I/II, 23 patients with stage III and 23 patients with stage IV according to the criteria of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). Using cut-off values of 0.15 microgram/l for S100 and 12.5 micrograms/l for NSE, the sensitivity was found to be 1.3% (1/80) for S100 and 8.75% (7/80) for NSE in patients with stage I/II, 8.7% (2/23) for S100 and 13% (8/23) for NSE in patients with stage III, and 73.9% (17/23) for S100 and 34.8% (8/23) for NSE in patients with stage IV disease (P < 0.05). In 6 patients with stage III/IV tumours, serial measurement of serum S100 and NSE was performed. A rise of serum S100 indicated progression of the disease; a decline indicated response to treatment. Our preliminary results support the value of serum S100 as an adjunct to the clinical staging and monitoring of metastatic malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Clinical significance of serum S100 in metastatic malignant melanoma. 764 23

The establishment and characterisation of paired autologous tumour cell line (MST-1) and tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) culture from a tumour mass of a 14-year-old Taiwanese girl with soft tissue melanoma are described. MST-1 cells grown in vitro were heterogeneous in morphology, ranging from floating round cells, loosely attached round/oval or elongated cells with prominent pseudopod-like processes, to well-attached spindle and elongated dendritic cells without obvious pseudopods. Immunostaining revealed that major melanoma-associated antigens, such as S100 protein, HMB-45, melanotransferrin, chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan, and the gangliosides GD2 and GD3, were consistently expressed by the tumour tissue, severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse xenograft and derived cell lines. Flow cytometric analysis of the tumour DNA content showed an index of 1.8 relative to normal peripheral blood lymphocyte DNA. Chromosome analysis revealed all cells at a hypotetraploid level with several clonal chromosome aberrations, including deletions at 10p and 12q, an addition at 12q, translocations t(1;14) and t(5;6). Electron microscopy showed melanosome structures. This observation and the expression of the major melanoma-associated antigens were all indicative of the melanocytic origin of MST-1 tumour. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) expanded TILs had the predominant CD8+ phenotype and the capacity to lyse cells of the cultured autologous tumour. The availability of the soft tissue melanoma cell line, the SCID mouse xenograft tumour system as well as autologous TILs described herein would provide useful materials for identifying T-cell-defined antigens as well as a model system for devising individualised cancer biotherapeutic strategies. This cell line can also be used for further studies aimed at uncovering the histogenesis of this rare cancer.
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PMID:Newly established MST-1 tumour cell line and tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte culture from a patient with soft tissue melanoma (clear cell sarcoma) and their potential applications to patient immunotherapy. 866 53

10,090 dissections of dogs exhibited 2631 neoplastic processes of which 309 involved the heart in the form of eu- and heteropic tumours. The most common primary and/or secondary heart tumour type was hemangiosarcoma (n = 187), followed by paraganglioma (n = 46), carcinoma (n = 33), malignant lymphoma (n = 12), thyroid heart base tumour (n = 9), melanoma (n = 7), mast cell tumour (n = 3) and blastoma (n = 2). The tumour diagnoses were immunohistochemically proved by various antibodies to cytokeratins, vimentin, GFAP, NSE, von Willebrand factor, CD3, CD45RA, S100, thyroglobulin as well as histochemically with argyrophilic, Fontana-Masson and heterochromatic reactions. The odds ratio (OR) for breed and tumour prevalences were determined: German shepherds showed the highest OR for hemangiosarcomas and boxers for paragangliomas.
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PMID:Systemic, metastatic, eu- and heterotope tumours of the heart in necropsied dogs. 869 31

The rare histopathologic feature of a nodular balloon cell component in a malignant melanoma of the superficial spreading type in a 46-year-old male patient is presented. Immunohistochemical analyses proved the tumor cells to express the melanocytic markers S100 protein, NK1/C3 and HMB 45 antigens in an intense and distinct pattern. The controversial theories of the pathogenesis of balloon cell changes in melanocytic neoplasms are discussed.
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PMID:Nodular balloon cell component in a cutaneous melanoma of the superficial spreading type. 872 48

The authors describe 2 cases of purely epithelioid schwannomas, one spinal the other peripheral. At surgery, the spinal schwannoma appeared as an orange-sized, solid, brown mass. Total removal of the tumor was performed. The peripheral schwannoma appeared as a fusiform, brown, movable mass in the sensitive branch of the left tibial nerve and was removed by a wide en bloc excision. Intraoperative nerve action potentials were performed both prior to and following excision of the lesion. Histologically, the tumors were composed of round or polygonal cells arranged in necrotic clusters and anastomosing cords. There were areas of spindle cells. The epithelioid cells were round to oval with abundant cytoplasm. Mitoses were frequent (3 out of 10 in high-power field). S100 protein immunoreactivity was present diffusely in tumor cells (both nuclear and cytoplasmic), whereas cytokeratin, NSE, and anti-melanoma reactions gave negative results. After a long follow-up, the neurological condition of the patients is excellent and there are no signs of either recurrence or metastasis. The therapeutic management of epithelioid schwannoma is discussed.
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PMID:Purely epithelioid schwannoma. Two case reports and a review of the literature. 876 66

We report 2 cases of ovarian metastases of malignant melanoma arisen 4 and 6 years after the removal of the primitive epithelial neoplasia. In both cases the ovarian neoplasia was unilateral. Both the macroscopic and the histological aspects of the malignant melanoma were examined. From both cases it was clear that it was a solid neoplasia with histological aspect of wide epithelioid cells with abundant cytoplasm and intracytoplasmatic melanotic pigment. The immunohistochemical results supported positivity for protein S100, vimentine and HMB45, negativity for cytokeratine.
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PMID:[Metastatic malignant melanoma of the ovary]. 876 59


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