Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ten cases of melanoma and 5 ocular nevus were studied with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method with S100 protein. All the cases showed positivity for this protein, this is why we can advise its use in the diagnosis of these entities.
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PMID:Value of the S100 protein in the study of nevus and ocular melanomas. 362 5

Four methods were compared for identifying amelanotic and oligomelanotic melanomas in paraffin sections of formalin-fixed metastases from subjects with primary cutaneous melanomas. Of the amelanotic and oligomelanotic metastases a characteristic pattern of fluorescence was seen with an incident-light fluorescence microscope in 11 of 25 (44%); the Warthin-Starry stain at pH 3.2 was positive in 14 of 25 (56%); these two procedures together were a little more effective, 63% positive; S100 protein was revealed by immunoperoxidase staining in 26 of 28 (93%); the monoclonal antibody NKI/C-3 against a human melanoma antigen gave positive immunoperoxidase staining in 24 of 27 cases (89%). Of the pigmented metastases S100 protein was demonstrated in 18 of 21 (86%) and NKI/C-3 gave positive staining in all 20 tested. These antibodies are not specific for melanoma but a metastasis which does not react with either antibody is unlikely to be melanoma.
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PMID:A comparison of some methods for identifying amelanotic and oligomelanotic melanoma metastases in paraffin sections. 390 Aug 99

Treatment of neurotropic malignant melanoma of the nasal ala combining microscopically controlled surgery and examination of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue cut in the horizontal plane followed by S100 immunohistochemical staining is described. The spindle-shaped cells were strongly S100 positive and detection of the melanoma cells, which were embedded in a dense collagenous stroma and infiltrating into the neurovascular spaces, was greatly accentuated by the S100 immunohistochemical stain. The coordinated skills of the dermatologic surgeon, dermatopathologist, and plastic surgeon contributed toward the best treatment for neurotropic melanoma in this patient.
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PMID:Neurotropic malignant melanoma: a novel treatment approach combining modified microscopically controlled surgery and S100 immunohistochemical staining. 390 28

A series of 41 fresh and 36 routinely processed malignant melanomas were immunostained with a panel of 12 monoclonal antibodies reactive against a range of epithelial, lymphoid, and melanoma associated antigens. The aim of the study was to determine whether this panel of antibodies would be useful in diagnostically difficult cases for differentiating melanomas from other tumours, particularly carcinomas and lymphomas. The results confirmed that most unequivocal malignant melanomas can be identified by positivity for S100 protein and for the antigen recognised by antibody NK1/C3, and by negativity for epithelial and lymphoid antigens. The incidence of melanomas expressing cytokeratin antigens was higher, however, particularly in cryostat sections than has previously been reported. It is therefore suggested that a panel of antibodies with more than one marker in each category should be used for identifying melanomas in clinical practice.
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PMID:An immunocytochemical study of malignant melanoma and its differential diagnosis from other malignant tumours. 390 91

Malignant epithelioid schwannoma is a well-defined entity. However epithelioid tumours arising other than in a nerve trunk, in a benign nerve sheath tumour or in neurofibromatosis are problematical. We describe a case of a nodular tumour of the cheek which recurred twice without metastasis. Light microscopy showed an amelanotic epithelioid tumour. Immunohistology showed positive staining for vimentin and S100 protein and electron microscopy showed distinctive appearances suggestive of schwannoma. We discuss the differential diagnosis of the tumour, compare it with reported tumours resembling both melanoma and schwannoma and conclude that this may be a further example of the distinctive tumour reported as "malignant epithelioid schwannoma of superficial soft tissues'.
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PMID:Malignant epithelioid schwannoma of superficial soft tissue? A case report with immunohistology and electron microscopy. 404 35

S100 protein is a nervous-system-specific cytoplasmic protein which is also present in human malignant melanoma cell lines. To test for its tumour specificity, biopsy specimens from normal tissue and a wide variety of tumours were tested for S100 by complement fixation and immunofluorescence tests. S100 was present in all of thirteen samples of malignant melanoma tissue and absent from nineteen samples of non-melanocytic tumours, and from normal skin and normal lymph nodes. S100 levels did not correlate with tyrosinase activity in the tissues examined. Detection and measurement of S100 protein may help distinguish poorly differentiated amelanotic malignant melanoma from tumours of obscure histological origin; they may also aid the detection of micrometastatic disease in the lymph nodes and other tissues of melanoma patients.
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PMID:S100 protein: a marker for human malignant melanomas? 611 96

The monoclonal antibody NK1 C3, synthesised by the Netherlands Cancer Institute, has been used to assess its value in the diagnosis of melanocytic lesions. The antigen recognised by this antibody is not denatured by formalin fixation, with the result that the antibody can be used for retrospective studies on conventionally processed material. Positive results were obtained in primary melanoma (18/18), secondary melanoma (21/21), junctional and compound naevi (32/32), intradermal naevi (9/12), congenital naevi (3/3), so called dysplastic naevi (13/13), blue naevi (5/5), and Spitz tumours (3/14). Non-melanocytic tumours were tested for comparison. The results showed relative but not complete specificity of the antibody for melanocytic tumours, with positive results only in breast and prostate tumours (2/6 and 2/5 respectively). Negative results were obtained with basal and squamous cell carcinoma, appendage tumours, neural tumours, and apudomas. The staining pattern of NK1 C3 was compared with that of antibodies to S100 protein and to neurone specific enolase. Compared with S100 protein NK1 C3 gave stronger staining of a higher percentage of cells in the 12 specimens in which a direct comparison was made. Antibody raised against neurone specific enolase in sheep gave very poor results with heavy background staining. We suggest that NK1 C3 is a useful addition to the battery of monoclonal antibodies of value to the diagnostic histopathologist.
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PMID:Use of NK1 C3 monoclonal antibody in the assessment of benign and malignant melanocytic lesions. 620 May 6

Four cases of desmoplastic malignant melanoma were examined light microscopically and immunohistochemically. Electron microscopy was performed in three cases. Light microscopy showed that all tumors were composed of neoplastic spindle cells that infiltrated between mature collagen bundles in the reticular dermis. Some of the spindle cells had bizarre nuclei, whereas other spindle cells resembled normal fibroblasts. Melanin could not be demonstrated in any of the tumors by histochemical techniques. Electron microscopic examination of the spindle cells showed prominence of rough endoplasmic reticulum, which was dilated and filled with flocculent material and occasional collagen fibrils. The same cells contained aggregates of non-membrane-bound melanin granules and pre-melanosomes. Some cells also showed features of myofibroblasts. Immunoperoxidase staining with anti-S100 protein antibody demonstrated positivity of the spindle cells as well as of melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis. Scar tissue and fibroblasts did not stain. These findings show that the desmoplastic component of these malignant melanomas derives from melanocytes that have undergone adaptive fibroplasia. Therefore, in assessing depth of invasion in a malignant melanoma, measurements should include the desmoplastic areas.
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PMID:Origin of the desmoplasia in desmoplastic malignant melanoma. 635 91

The subunits of S100 protein were isolated from surgically resected tissues of human malignant melanoma and schwannoma by means of an affinity chromatography followed by high performance liquid chromatography. The melanoma tissue gave rise to the alpha and beta subunits in almost equal quantities while the schwannoma tissue yielded only the beta subunit, indicating that the S100 subunits were distributed differently between these tumor tissues. This finding suggests that the cellular distribution of S100 subunits varies, so that the cells containing S100 protein can be classified into several types on the basis of the subunit composition.
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PMID:The alpha subunit of S100 protein is present in tumor cells of human malignant melanoma, but not in schwannoma. 636 91

Fourteen cases of primary melanoma and 25 of their subsequent metastases were stained for Neurone Specific Enolase (NSE) and S100 protein. Intensity of staining for NSE and S100 protein broadly corresponded in 11 of the primary lesions and was disparate in three. Staining intensity for NSE or S100 was independent of tumour thickness. Primary lesions showing marked or moderate staining for NSE and S100 protein took a shorter time to metastasize than those showing slight or no staining. Assessment of staining intensity for NSE and S100 thus identified prognostic categories corresponding to disease free interval obtained by division according to tumour thickness. Staining intensity for S100 protein appears to give a clearer indication as to expectation of disease free interval. Staining intensity in individual cases showed an increase both for NSE and S100 protein between primary and metastatic lesions. The data presented are not sufficient to assign statistical significance but may lead to the incorporation of functional studies into the pathological assessment of malignant melanocytic lesions. The simultaneous occurrence of a functional neuronal and Schwann cell marker in melanoma is discussed.
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PMID:Neurone specific enolase and S100 protein as possible prognostic indicators in melanoma. 652 86


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