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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

With a panel of monoclonal antibodies, the effect of recombinant human leukocyte interferons (i.e., IFN-alpha A, IFN-alpha D), of a hybrid leukocyte IFN (i.e., IFN-alpha A/D (Bg1)), and of recombinant fibroblast (beta) IFN on the expression and shedding of four types of melanoma-associated antigens (MAA) and of HLA antigens by the cultured melanoma cell line Colo 38 was investigated. None of the IFN affected the expression of the high m.w. melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA), but all of them increased its shedding. The expression and shedding of the 115,000 MAA and of the 100,000 MAA were increased by IFN; the magnitude of the effect as well as the kinetics were different for the various IFN preparations. The cytoplasmic MAA was the most sensitive to modulation by IFN, because all four types increased its surface expression, its total content, and its shedding. The three types of leukocyte IFN, as well as the fibroblast IFN, were all effective in increasing the expression of HLA-A,B,C antigens, the effect being more marked on the free heavy chain than on the HLA-A,B,C complex. However, only leukocyte IFN enhanced the shedding of the HLA-A,B,C molecular complex. The three types of leukocyte IFN and especially fibroblast IFN enhanced the expression of the gene products of the HLA-D region, the effect being more marked on DC-1 antigens than on HLA-DR antigens. No effect on the shedding of HLA-DR and DC-1 antigens was detected.
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PMID:Modulation by recombinant DNA leukocyte (alpha) and fibroblast (beta) interferons of the expression and shedding of HLA- and tumor-associated antigens by human melanoma cells. 674 99

The monoclonal antibodies distributed at the first Workshop on Monoclonal Antibodies to Melanoma have been tested by immunoprecipitation, and one group of antigens (90 kd) has been found to be identical by sequential immunoprecipitation. These results are in good agreement with those from other laboratories. In addition, antigens from a new group of hybridomas, generated since the first Workshop, were studied. Some of these antigens are unique and others are duplicates of the original set. Finally, a melanoma-associated antigen (260 kd) was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography.
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PMID:Identification and isolation of melanoma-associated antigens with monoclonal antibodies. 676 24

Mouse monoclonal antibodies and Fab fragments specific for p97, a melanoma-associated antigen, were used to image metastatic human melanoma. Preclinical studies in athymic mice showed antigen-specific uptake in melanoma xenografts, and toxicity tests in rabbits gave no evidence for tissue damage after injection of up to 100 times the amount of antibody used in humans. Six patients received 1 mg labeled antibody, and one patient received 1 mg of labeled Fab. No. toxic side effects were observed. All of the six patients had positive scans, visualizing 22 of 25 (88%) of lesions larger than 1.5 cm. In tumors from two patients, greater uptake of p97-specific, versus control IgG and Fab, respectively, was documented by biopsy. Antibodies to mouse immunoglobulin appeared in three patients receiving 1 mg or more of radiolabeled mouse antibody.
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PMID:Imaging of melanoma with L-131-labeled monoclonal antibodies. 682 75

The expression of a human melanoma-associated antigen, p97, in cultured melanoma cells was investigated using a modification of the Sternberger peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique. Explant cultures of two skin melanomas were found to consist of a mixture of cells, some positive and some negative, for the expression of p97. From two other melanomas two cell lines were newly established. All cells from these lines expressed detectable p97 over a period up to 18 months. With the cell lines and the explant cultures we have initiated an investigation of the expression of p97 at the ultrastructural level, using the PAP technique. Antigen expression was detected as a continuous, strongly stained band at the cell surface of the melanoma cells.
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PMID:Localization of melanoma-associated antigen p97 in cultured human melanoma, as visualized by light and electron microscopy. 684

An amplified, indirect biotin-avidin micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the measurement of human melanoma-associated antigens, either free or circulating with associated immunoglobulin in patient sera. Parameters and specificity of detection were assessed using monoclonal antibody to human melanoma-associated antigens. The main advantages of the assay are its flexibility, through the use of indirect detection and a variety of formats, and its sensitivity, with a lower limit of antibody detection at 100 pg/well and a lower limit of soluble antigen detection at 10 pg/well. The assay was applied to cell surface antigen detection with monoclonal antibody 9.2.27 to a melanoma-associated antigen against a panel of glutaraldehyde-fixed cells, and gave similar binding specificity as assessed by a previous 125I-Protein A assay. Utilizing a unique "sandwich" format, aMr 100,000 melanoma-carcinoma-associated antigen was quantitated in melanoma patient sera and found highly elevated in Stage IV disease. The same sandwich format was also used to detect and determine the class of human immunoglobulin associated with circulating Mr 100,000 human melanoma-associated antigens in normal donor sera. Thus, the sensitivity and flexibility of this enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system make it particularly suitable for numerous applications in the study of monoclonal antibody-defined tumor-associated antigens.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies to human melanoma-associated antigens: an amplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antigen, antibody, and immune complexes. 685 Jun 25

The unique specificity of monoclonal antibodies (Ab) was combined with the cell-killing function of the cytolytic alternative pathway of complement. The functionally C3b-like glycoprotein of cobra venom was linked to a murine monoclonal Ab directed to a human melanoma-associated antigen by a disulfide bond, by using a heterobifunctional crosslinking reagent. The covalent monoclonal Ab-cobra venom factor (CVF) complex exhibited specific cytolytic activity in the presence of normal or C4-deficient serum. It induced killing of melanoma cells but not of LG-2 lymphoblastoid cells or P815 mastocytoma cells. The cytolytic action of the monoclonal Ab-CVF complex was selective in that it was limited to the melanoma cells when these were mixed with one of the two other cell lines. In absence of serum, the complex was noncytotoxic. Monoclonal Ab or CVF alone had no cytolytic activity with or without serum. It is concluded that CVF covalently linked to melanoma cell-bound AB forms the stable C3/C5 convertase with factors B and D of the alternative pathway, which in turn causes formation of the membrane attack complex and thereby cell death.
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PMID:Induction of immune cytolysis: tumor-cell killing by complement is initiated by covalent complex of monoclonal antibody and stable C3/C5 convertase. 695 Apr 10

We have raised a hybridoma, 4.2, which forms an IgM antibody to an antigen expressed on cultivated cells from most human melanomas, more infrequently on cells from other human tumors, and very weakly on cultivated fibroblasts, T cells and B cells. The antigen can be detected in biopsy material of human melanoma and, in smaller amounts, in fresh samples of normal human lung and kidney. Preliminary biochemical characterization indicates that it is associated with the ganglioside fraction. We feel that the antigen (referred to as 4.2) has a sufficient degree of tumor specificity to be rated as a human melanoma-associated antigen.
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PMID:A cell-surface antigen which is present in the ganglioside fraction and shared by human melanomas. 706 77

Immunochemical analysis of cultured human melanoma cell detergent extracts and spent culture medium with conventional xenoantisera and monoclonal antibodies identified four types of 94,000 (94K) dalton molecules and two types of high-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigens by the following characteristics: (1) association with other components, (2) mobility in SDS-PAGE under reducing and nonreducing conditions, (3) antigenicity, and (4) presence in spent culture medium. Conventional xenoantisera were found to contain antibody populations to antigenically distinct structures, some of which have similar apparent molecular weights. Immunodepletion studies showed that the antigenic determinant detected by the monoclonal antibody 225.28S to a high-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen was expressed on a subpopulation of the antigens defined by the conventional xenoantiserum #8995. These data prove that antibodies reactive with antigens of similar molecular weight cannot be assumed to identify the same structures, and indicate that tumor-associated antigens may be heterogeneous in the expression of antigenic determinants defined by monoclonal antibodies.
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PMID:Heterogeneity of human melanoma-associated antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies and conventional xenoantisera. 715 74

Sixteen malignant melanoma patients with different levels of tumor progression, two patients with melanoma in situ (Clark 10 two bronchogenic carcinoma patients and nine healthy controls were tested by means of the leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) test to assess the function of their cellular mediated immunity. Blood leukocytes were incubated with allogeneic melanoma-associated antigen obtained from potassium chloride extract of tumor cells. Fifteen malignant melanoma patients with clinical stage I-III (Clark level 2-5) showed positive LAI-reaction when leukocytes were tested with melanoma associated antigen. Leukocyte adherence inhibition was neither monitored in healthy controls, in patients with melanoma in situ, nor in those two patients with squamous and oat cell type bronchogenic carcinoma. Extracts prepared from normal skin showed no inhibitive effect on leukocyte adherence in malignant melanoma patients and controls. A decreased percentage of LAI was observed in malignant melanoma patients with disseminated disease due to an increased spontaneous leukocyte adherence in these patients. This increase in spontaneous leukocyte adherence was probably caused by non-specific activation of adherent cells (macrophages) as a result of the prolonged therapy and/or the progressive tumor levels in these patients.
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PMID:Studies of cellular mediated immunity in malignant melanoma patients by Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition Test. 742 70

Up to now a number of studies have been performed to determine whether the combined use of cytokines and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against tumor-associated antigens (TAA) can increase the sensitivity of radioimmunoscintigraphy (RIS). It is well known that human natural and recombinant interferons can enhance the cell surface expression of HLA Class I and II antigens as well as some specific tumor antigens, but there is scanty and conflicting information about the expression and shedding of TAA. Some authors reported that alpha-IFN enhances the expression of a melanoma-associated antigen (MAA), recognized by conventional antiserum. Other authors have found no changes in the expression of MAA identified by MAbs. In a pilot study on patients with malignant melanoma Rosenblum demonstrated an increase in tumor uptake of the anti-melanoma MAb 96.5 after IFN administration. In our study we performed immunoscintigraphy with the anti-melanoma MAb 225.28S in the same patient before and after IFN administration in different doses. We point out the difference in biodistribution in different organs and in blood clearance and discuss the possibility to improve the sensitivity of RIS.
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PMID:Enhancement of in vivo monoclonal antibody targeting with recombinant interferon and cytokines. 750 84


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