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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Experience with antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) has shown that antibody can increase the localization and killing capacity of lymphocytes. We tested the possibility of improving the activity of lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK) on human tumor using the subrenal capsule assay in nude mice. The tumors were first grown in the renal capsule space and the effector cells injected later. In the model experiment we used M21 melanoma and monoclonal antibody against melanoma-associated antigen GD3. This antibody increases the tumor inhibitory activity of LAK cells from healthy donors in comparison to LAK alone. We have been able to prove the clinical relevance of such an approach. Tumor bioptic material from five tumor patients was tested with various monoclonal antibodies, following which the highly reactive antibodies were selected and incubated with the patient's LAK cells. Such pretreated LAK cells have a high growth-inhibitory effect on autologous tumor growing in the renal capsule space of the test mice.
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PMID:Use of the subrenal capsule assay to measure antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity against head and neck tumors. 275 64

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from a melanoma patient were stimulated with autologous melanoma cells in mixed lymphocyte tumor cultures (MLTC). After three restimulations, the lytic activity of the responder cells directed against the autologous melanoma cells was higher than that against K-562 and autologous Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cell line (EBV-B) cells. From these MLTC-responder cells, we derived specific cytolytic T cell (CTL) clones that lysed the autologous melanoma cells and did not lyse K-562 or autologous EBV-B cells. Autologous melanoma clones were found that were resistant to some or all of these CTL clones. The autologous CTL clones recognized at least two different antigens (A, B) on the melanoma cells and three types of melanoma clones could be distinguished (A+B+, A+B-, A-B-). This antigenic heterogeneity of melanoma clones was confirmed by testing the CTL clones in cold target competition and also in antigen-dependent CTL proliferation assays performed with very small numbers of stimulator cells. The data further indicated an instability of the expression of a melanoma-associated antigen in the course of a long culture period. Among the melanoma clones that expressed antigen A, one was found to stimulate the proliferation of anti-A CTL clones much more effectively than the others. This represents a new type of heterogeneity among tumor cells which may be of significance for the elicitation of an autologous anti-tumoral immune response.
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PMID:Antigenic heterogeneity of a human melanoma tumor detected by autologous CTL clones. 296 57

Using monoclonal antibodies, recombinant human gamma-interferon, and fluorescence-activated cell sorter, 2 human melanoma cell lines (KHm-1/4 and A101D) were examined quantitatively for HLA-DR and 97-kD melanoma-associated antigen (p97) expression throughout the cell cycle. Two-color flow cytometric analysis showed that the mean cell volume increased (KHm-1/4, 2.6 times; A101D, 3.6 times) during the progression of the cell cycle, and that fluorescence intensity of HLA-DR and p97 correlated well with cell volume, i.e., both antigens were maximally detected during the G2-M phase. The density of HLA-DR and p97 on the cell surface remained relatively constant throughout the cell cycle with the exception that cells in S phase showed a slightly lower density compared with those in G0/G1 and G2-M phases. gamma-Interferon treatment (500 IU/ml, 72 h) increased HLA-DR+ cells (KHm-1/4, 65% to 89%; A101D, 34% to 84%) and p97+ cells (KHm-1/4, 8% to 12%; A101D, 19% to 35%). Increased antigen densities were also relatively constant throughout the cell cycle as in nontreated cells. Cells treated with gamma-interferon tended to accumulate at G0/G1 phase (KHm-1/4, 21% to 37%; A101D, 17% to 53%), and had a reduced cell volume (0.82-0.95 times) throughout cell cycle. This study revealed that both melanoma cell lines showed heterogeneity in the expression of HLA-DR and p97, and that this heterogeneity was influenced, at least in part, by cell cycle and immunologic events such as gamma-interferon treatment.
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PMID:HLA-DR and melanoma-associated antigen (p97) expression during the cell cycle in human melanoma cell lines, and the effects of recombinant gamma-interferon: two-color flow cytometric analysis. 309 Jan 58

The effect of recombinant immune interferon (IFN-gamma) on the expression and shedding of HLA antigens and of melanoma-associated antigens (MAA) by epidermal melanocytes was investigated by using serologic and immunochemical techniques. IFN-gamma enhances the expression and/or shedding of HLA class I antigens and of the cytoplasmic MAA defined by monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 465.12S and induces a slight reduction in the expression of the high m.w. melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA). In agreement with the data in the literature, melanocytes incubated with IFN-gamma acquire HLA-DR, -DQ, and -DP antigens. Contrary to previous information in the literature, the effect is not restricted to HLA class II antigens, since IFN-gamma also induces the expression of the 96-kDa MAA recognized by MoAb CL203. The effect of IFN-gamma on HLA class II antigens and 96-kDa MAA is dose and time dependent and is specific, because recombinant leukocyte interferon affects the expression of neither type of antigen. In spite of the expression of HLA class II antigens, IFN-gamma-treated melanocytes do not acquire the ability to stimulate the proliferation of allogeneic lymphocytes. HLA-DR antigens are more susceptible to induction by IFN-gamma than HLA-DQ and -DP antigens, since the percentage of melanocytes acquiring HLA-DQ and -DP antigens is lower than that acquiring HLA-DR antigens. Furthermore, the dose of IFN-gamma is higher and the time of incubation is longer to induce HLA-DQ and -DP antigens than to induce HLA-DR antigens. The differential susceptibility of HLA-DR, -DQ, and -DP antigens as well as of melanocytes from various donors to the modulating effect of IFN-gamma may provide an explanation for the more frequent detection of HLA-DR than of HLA-DQ and -DP antigens in melanoma lesions and for the expression of HLA class II antigens by some, but not all, melanoma lesions.
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PMID:Immunochemical and functional analysis of HLA class II antigens induced by recombinant immune interferon on normal epidermal melanocytes. 310 Jun 35

Indirect immunofluorescence staining with a large battery of monoclonal antibodies of primary and autologous metastatic lesions removed from seven patients with melanoma has detected heterogeneity in the expression of various types of melanoma-associated antigens (MAAs), of distinct determinants of the high molecular weight melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA), of the two subunits of Class I HLA antigens, and of the gene products of the HLA-D region. Among the 10 MAAs tested, the HMW-MAA had the highest frequency and the Mr 87,000 MAA the lowest. Furthermore, the HMW-MAA displayed the lowest heterogeneity. These findings, in conjunction with the restricted tissue distribution of the HMW-MAA, its lack of susceptibility to antibody-mediated modulation, and the high affinity of the available anti-HMW-MAA monoclonal antibodies, indicate that this antigen may be a useful marker for radioimaging and immunotherapy in patients with melanoma. The common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen was detected only in five lesions. Class I HLA antigens were detected in a larger number of lesions than HLA-DR antigens, which had a significantly higher frequency than HLA-DQ antigens. The degree of antigenic heterogeneity did not appear to correlate with the histopathological features of the lesions and/or with the clinical course of the disease. The results of the present study indicate that immunodiagnostic and immunotherapeutic approaches to melanoma should rely on the use of combinations of monoclonal antibodies to distinct MAAs.
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PMID:Heterogeneous expression of melanoma-associated antigens and HLA antigens by primary and multiple metastatic lesions removed from patients with melanoma. 315 50

The melanoma-associated antigen P3.58 is rarely found on benign proliferating melanocytes but is consistently expressed on advanced malignant melanomas which have a high probability of metastasis. Previous studies have shown that its expression on normal tissues is limited to vascular endothelia and lymphoid follicle germinal centers and that it is also expressed by activated monocytes in vitro. In the studies reported here, anti-P3.58 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were shown to partially inhibit antigen-specific and anti-CD3-induced T cell proliferation and to completely block a lymphocyte/monocyte clustering which occurs in the absence of added antigen. This inhibition is highly specific for P3.58 mAb and was not affected by mAb directed to major histocompatibility complex or T cell antigens. P3.58 therefore seems to be involved in an antigen-independent attraction or adhesion of lymphocytes. P3.58 is the second example (HLA-DR being the first) of an association between the expression of an immune function-associated molecule and the development of metastatic disease in melanoma.
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PMID:The tumor progression-associated human melanoma antigen P3.58 mediates monocyte-lymphocyte interactions in vitro. 322 Jan 5

B700 is a melanoma-associated antigen originally detected by immunologic and biochemical criteria; it is expressed by several murine melanomas but is not detectable on any normal murine cells, or on murine nonmelanoma neoplasms. We have used antibodies raised against purified B700 to study the presentation of B700 and B700 crossreactive molecules on the surfaces of melanoma cells of various species and origins. The antibodies are shown to bind to all the melanoma cells tested, including five different murine melanoma lines (S91, JB/RH, JB/MS, K1735, and B16), three different B16 sublines (F1, F10, and BL6), three human, one hamster, and two swine melanoma cell lines. These results suggest the candidacy of B700-like molecules as "pan-melanoma" antigens.
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PMID:Demonstration of B700 cross-reactive antigens on human and other animal melanomas. 323 11

To investigate whether human melanoma cells intrinsically resistant to autologous LAKs do exist, and whether a relationship between the level of lysis of LAKs and spontaneous drug resistance can be identified at the clonal level, we studied 44 clones obtained from a metastatic melanoma lesion. The antigenic phenotype of clones revealed a marked heterogeneity in the expression of HLA antigens of classes I and II. The clones were subsequently tested for sensitivity to autologous LAK and for spontaneous resistance to Dx. No clone resistant to autologous LAK was found, although a considerable range of lysis was noted with a normal frequency distribution. Growth in agar of the 2 clones in which lysis was least pronounced (6 and 26) was completely inhibited after co-culture with LAKs, indicating a lack of absolute resistance to these effectors. Spontaneous resistance to Dx, evaluated as ID50, revealed instead that the majority of clones had a low ID50. The frequency distribution of clones showed a left-skewed curve. The percentage of specific 51Cr-release and the ID50 for Dx could be correlated in 25 clones by linear regression. Sensitivity to LAK did not correlate with HLA classes I or II or melanoma-associated antigen expression. These results support the contention that increased LAK sensitivity of tumor cells is associated with drug resistance.
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PMID:Differential lysis of melanoma clones by autologous recombinant interleukin 2-activated lymphocytes. Relationship with spontaneous resistance to doxorubicin (Dx). 326 90

Immunoscintigraphy of malignant tumours has become an encouraging tool in nuclear medicine. Early diagnosis of small lesions is mandatory for successful cancer therapy. The scintigraphic detectability of small lesions (less than 1 cm in diameter) by immunoscintigraphy is shown in 39 patients suffering from ocular tumours (37 malignant choroidal melanoma, two benign choroidal naevi) using 99Tcm-labelled F(ab')2 fragments of the anti-melanoma monoclonal antibody 225.28S; this antibody recognizes the high molecular weight melanoma-associated antigen. No adverse effects were observed. In terms of true-positive results, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) proved to be superior to planar scans (73% versus 41% true-positive results).
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PMID:Immunoscintigraphy in intraocular malignant melanoma. 326 96

This article describes the use of panels of antibodies in the histopathologic diagnosis of ten malignant melanomas arising in the mucosa of the head and neck. The immunohistochemistry analysis was performed in a step-by-step manner. In the first step a panel of antibodies discriminating between carcinoma, malignant lymphoma, and melanoma was used. Staining with antivimentin and the melanoma-associated antigen, moAb NKI/C-3, was found to occur in all cases. The NKI/C-3 stained nine of 10 specimens from the first biopsy. Anti-S-100 protein, anti-HMW-MAA, and NKI-beteb was used as a panel in the second step. These stained ten of ten, five of six, and seven of seven cases, respectively. The diagnosis for melanin was confirmed by extensive sampling and a diligent search for melanin and (pre)melanosomes in different biopsy and surgical specimens. These results indicate that a step-wise application of immunohistochemistry is a very useful tool in the diagnosis of mucosal melanoma of the head and neck.
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PMID:Diagnostic application of panels of antibodies in mucosal melanomas of the head and neck. 327 85


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