Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Previous experimental evidence indicates that immunogenicity of mouse tumor cells can be increased by treatment with dacarbazine and other triazene compounds. The present studies have been conducted on the human cell lines H125 (lung cancer), 1246 (melanoma), X3 (EBV-immortalized B cells) subjected to in vitro treatment with 4 (3-methyl-1-triazeno) benzoic acid potassium salt (MTBA). Untreated or drug-treated sublines were tested for susceptibility to allogeneic NK effector cells, either non-stimulated or pretreated with beta-Interferon. In the case of X3 cell line and its MTBA-treated subline the expression of the EBV-associated antigens and the capability of eliciting autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were also investigated. The results suggest that a modification of membrane antigenic pattern could be induced by MTBA treatment in terms of changes of cell susceptibility to cell-mediated lysis, expression of EBV-related antigens and capability to elicit autologous CTL.
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PMID:Changes of immunological patterns of human cancer cells treated in vitro with a triazene compound. 254 62

The activity of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase was determined in fibroblast cultures from 45 patients with lung cancer, 39 patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma, and 29 healthy controls. This enzyme is a critical parameter for the capacity to repair O6-methylguanine (O6-mGua) adducts in DNA, and a decreased activity might therefore be responsible for an enhanced susceptibility to cancer. The assay was performed with 8 x 10(6) fibroblasts which were homogenized and incubated with a known amount of O6-mGua containing DNA. The remaining substrate was determined fluorimetrically after high performance liquid chromatographic separation. O6-mGua repair was significantly reduced in lung cancer patients [6.64 +/- 4.32 (SD) pmol O6-methylguanine repaired/8 x 10(6) cells] as compared to healthy controls [10.35 +/- 5.42, P less than 0.0022] or patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma [10.83 +/- 6.66]. The lowest mean values were detected in a subgroup of 16 lung cancer patients with a tumor manifestation below 46 years of age (5.06 +/- 3.89). Fibroblasts from 4 patients with lung cancer had no detectable repair. We conclude that a reduced capacity to remove O6-mGua adducts may represent a further mechanism of individually enhanced lung cancer risk.
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PMID:Reduced O6-methylguanine repair in fibroblast cultures from patients with lung cancer. 255 92

Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were isolated and expanded from small tumour biopsy samples of twenty-eight patients (thirteen with malignant melanoma, seven with renal cell carcinoma, and eight with non-small-cell lung cancer). The patients were treated with autologous expanded TIL (about 10(10)) and continuous infusions of recombinant human interleukin-2(1-3 x 10(6) U/m2 per 24 h). 29% of the patients with renal cell cancer and 23% of those with melanoma achieved objective tumour responses lasting 3-14 months. Toxic side-effects were limited, and no patient required intensive-care monitoring. Adoptive immunotherapy with TIL and interleukin-2 may be an effective systemic approach to the treatment of some patients with malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and interleukin-2 in treatment of advanced cancer. 256 11

Cancer risk following treatment with non-contraceptive estrogens was studied in a population-based cohort of 23,244 women. Complete follow-up for an average of 6.7 years revealed 1,087 incident cancers versus 962.5 expected (relative risk/RR/ = 1.13; 95% confidence interval 1.10-1.20). We confirmed the recent findings of a more detailed analysis of the same cohort, based on a 1-year shorter follow-up period, namely: a markedly increased risk of endometrial cancer (RR = 1.8; 1.5-2.1), notably in women receiving potent estrogens, i.e., conjugated estrogens or estradiol (RR = 2.0; 1.6-2.4), and a slightly increased risk of breast cancer (RR = 1.1; 1.0-1.2). A slightly decreased risk of invasive cervical cancer (RR = 0.8; 0.5-1.2) is most likely due to more frequent smear taking than in the background population. There was no increase in the risk of cancer of ovary (RR = 1.0; 0.8-1.2), pancreas (RR = 0.8; 0.5-1.2), large bowel (RR = 1.0; 0.8-1.2) or kidney (RR = 1.0; 0.7-1.4). The risk of developing cancer in liver or biliary tract was lower than expected (RR = 0.4; 0.2-0.7), particularly in women who had used potent estrogens (RR = 0.3; 0.1-0.6), an unexpected finding which warrants further studies. Increased risks of malignant melanoma (RR = 1.5; 1.0-2.1) and lung cancer (RR = 1.3; 0.9-1.7) need cautious interpretation because of their low magnitude, the absence of a biological gradient when subgroups were analyzed and the slightly higher prevalence of smokers in the cohort than in the background population.
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PMID:Risk of cancer in women receiving hormone replacement therapy. 258 65

We evaluated the method of active specific intralymphatic immunization to treat cancer in 32 patients with various tumor types as part of a broad-based phase I-II evaluation and describe the results of 3 sequential series. In series 1, the patients (n = 13) received 2 or more injections of autologous, cryopreserved, irradiated tumor cells directly into the lymphatic system through the cannulation of a dorsal pedal lymphatic channel. In series 2, the patients (n = 7) received low-dose cyclophosphamide, 300 mg per m2, 3 days before the autologous cell vaccine was administered. Series 3 (12 patients) was similar to series 2 except that the tumor cells were treated with cholesteryl hemisuccinate immediately before irradiation. Patients received from 2 to 6 injections of cells, depending on availability, at 2-week intervals. In all, 91 treatments are evaluated in this study. Clinical responses occurred in 7 of the 32 patients and were seen in all 3 series with about the same frequency. These responses occurred in cases of melanoma, lung cancer, colon cancer, and sarcoma. Regressions occurred in both visceral and subcutaneous sites. There was little toxicity, the chief side effect being local discomfort or inflammation. This experience indicates that active specific intralymphatic immunotherapy is safe, produces antitumor effects, and requires more investigation to increase the frequency and duration of observable tumor regression.
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PMID:Clinical responses with active specific intralymphatic immunotherapy for cancer--a phase I-II trial. 258 64

A review of 8571 autopsies disclosed 2833 patients with malignant tumours from 1975 to 1984 at the Department of Pathology, The Gade Institute. Cardiac metastases were found in 130 cases. An increase of cardiac involvement was shown in the autopsy material from 1.2% in 1975-1979 to 1.8% in 1980-1984. The same trend was seen if cardiac metastases were related to malignant tumours. Numerically, lung cancer accounted for most of the metastases seen, but the increase was made up by other tumours than lung cancer. especially malignant melanoma, mesothelioma, breast cancer and sarcomas. These tumours have a high frequency of heart metastases and the increased incidence of these cancers in the material explains the rise of cardiac metastases. Cardiac metastases increased with rising number of distant metastases. This study shows that mesotheliomas have the highest percentage of cardiac spread. The importance of autopsy for detecting metastatic spread in sites that are difficult to detect clinically is emphasized.
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PMID:Trends in cardiac metastasis. 259 May 33

Unambiguous 13C-nmr assignments for the widely used pesticide rotenone have been made through the judicious use of APT, CSCM 1D, and selective INEPT spectroscopy. Also, in order to more fully characterize the biologic potential of rotenone, studies were performed with cultured cells. Intense, but nonspecific, activity was observed in the P-388 lymphocytic leukemia, KB carcinoma of the nasopharynx, and a number of human cancer cell types: e.g., HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma, LU-1 lung cancer, COL-2 colon cancer, MEL-2 melanoma, and BC-1 breast cancer cell lines in vitro.
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PMID:13C-nmr spectral assignment and evaluation of the cytotoxic potential of rotenone. 261 25

Cancer incidence among 8,004 patients hospitalized for epilepsy between 1933 and 1962 in the Filadelfia treatment community in Denmark was compared to that of the general population. Patients received powerful and prolonged treatment with phenobarbital, phenytoin, and other anticonvulsants. This new survey extends the follow-up from 1976 through 1984. Among 7,864 patients with epilepsy not known to have received radioactive Thorotrast, record linkage with national cancer incidence files identified 789 cancers, compared to 664 expected [relative risk (RR) = 1.19; 95% confidence interval = 1.11-1.27]. Significant risks were found for cancers of the brain and central nervous system (RR = 5.7; n = 118) and the lung (RR = 1.4; n = 106). The excess numbers of brain cancer were concentrated within 10 years of hospitalization (RR = 20.7; n = 80) and decreased significantly over time, which suggests that brain tumors account for the seizure disorder and are not due to phenobarbital exposure as suggested by some epidemiologic studies. No overall risk was apparent when brain cancers were excluded (RR = 1.03). Because bladder cancer was significantly decreased (RR = 0.6; n = 18), the excess risk of lung cancer may not have been related to the "anecdotal" heavy smoking reported among confined groups of epileptic patients in the early years of the study period. The incidence of malignant melanoma was also significantly low (RR = 0.5; n = 7), which suggested limited exposure to sunlight among confined patients. The risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was increased, but not significantly (RR = 1.4; n = 16), which is interesting in view of previous reports suggesting an association with phenytoin. Overall, these data provide little evidence that phenobarbital and phenytoin are carcinogenic to humans, but the excess risks of lung cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among epileptic patients in our study deserve further evaluation.
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PMID:Cancer among epileptic patients exposed to anticonvulsant drugs. 250 19

Fifty-six patients presenting with symptomatic brain metastasis but undiagnosed primary neoplasm were retrospectively studied. Metastases were almost equally solitary (57%) as multiple (43%), and 30% were cerebellar. Cerebral metastases were most often parietal (67%). Underlying cancers were diagnosed in 84% of patients, usually before death, with the remainder having equivocal or unknown primary cancers. Lung cancer was most common (68%), especially adenocarcinoma or small ("oat")-cell types, followed by gastrointestinal primary cancers (9%), cancers of the bladder and thyroid (2% each), melanoma (2%), and lymphoma (2%). Breast cancer was remarkably absent, perhaps due to its greater systemic involvement prior to brain metastasis, or its earlier detection on physical examination. Overall group survival rates were 55% (6 months) and 13% (12 months), and cerebellar and noncerebellar metastases had the same survival rate at 12 months. The diagnostic evaluation of these patients, often extensive and costly, should be individually tailored, as 23% had complaints or findings indicative of their underlying primary cancer. Overall, chest roentgenograms and computed tomograms of the chest were the tests of greatest yield, followed by computed tomograms of the abdomen and pelvis. A rationale for evaluation is presented.
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PMID:Brain metastases from undiagnosed systemic neoplasms. 271 1

The relative amounts of influenza C virus-specific receptors of 25 established lines of mammalian cells including four lines of human malignant melanoma origin were compared by virus binding experiments. All the human melanoma cell cultures studied possessed two to four times more receptors than were found on MDCK cells, a cell line known to be highly susceptible to influenza C virus. It may therefore be a feature common to human melanoma cells that O-acetylsialic acid, a determinant for the attachment of influenza C virus, exists in large quantities on their surface. This is not specific to melanoma cells, however, since several human cell lines derived from lung cancer, gastric cancer, and placenta specimens also exhibited high levels of virus binding. Twenty of 25 virus-binding cell cultures were further examined for their ability to support the replication of influenza C virus. In the presence of trypsin (5 to 20 micrograms/ml), the virus was found to undergo multiple cycles of replication much more efficiently in the HMV-II line of human melanoma cells than in MDCK cells. Additionally, by using HMV-II cells as a host, we succeeded in isolating two influenza C strains (C/Yamagata/1/88, C/Yamagata/2/88) from 241 throat swabs collected from patients with acute respiratory illness.
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PMID:A human melanoma cell line highly susceptible to influenza C virus. 273 78


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