Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The antitumor activity of 2'-deoxy-2'-methylidenecytidine (DMDC), an inhibitor of DNA synthesis, was examined and compared with that of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) against various murine tumors and human tumor xenografts. Against P388 murine leukemia, repeated treatments of DMDC were more effective than its single administration. Interestingly, DMDC was effective against colon 26 murine carcinoma, M5076 murine reticulum cell sarcoma, LX-1 human lung cancer xenograft, and SK-Mel-28 human melanoma xenograft, which are less sensitive or refractory to ara-C, while DMDC was not more potent against murine leukemias P388 and L1210 than ara-C. The in vitro cytotoxic effects of DMDC and ara-C against L1210 leukemia cells were prevented dose dependently by deoxycytidine, suggesting that DMDC, like ara-C, may require phosphorylation by deoxycytidine kinase for antitumor activity. DMDC was effective against human and murine experimental tumor models, especially nonleukemic tumors refractory to ara-C, suggesting that DMDC will be a promising agent for the treatment of cancer.
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PMID:Antitumor activity of 2'-deoxy-2'-methylidenecytidine, a new 2'-deoxycytidine derivative. 201 96

In 1990, an estimated 104,000 new cases of cancer (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) will be diagnosed in Canada. The estimated number of deaths due to cancer in that same year will total 54,500. Just over one in three Canadians can expect to develop some form of cancer during their lifetime, and one in four men and one in five women will die from this disease. Almost 10% of women will develop breast cancer, while close to 8% of men will develop lung cancer. In 1990, lung cancer alone is expected to account for 17,300 newly diagnosed cancers (16.6% of the total), and 14,200 cancer deaths (26% of the total). Cancer will also take its toll as the fourth leading cause of death in children. This article explores additional statistics, trends in cancer incidence and mortality since 1970, cancer survival rates, and cancer mortality by income level. This article is based on material prepared by Statistics Canada for inclusion in Canadian Cancer Statistics 1990 (1), and developed in collaboration with the Canadian Cancer Society, Health and Welfare Canada, and provincial and territorial cancer registries.
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PMID:Canadian cancer statistics 1990. 210 Dec 77

Two-dimensional echocardiography was used to study malignant metastatic neoplasms of the heart and great vessels in 20 patients, 13 males and seven females, whose ages ranged from 15 to 72 years. Five patients had lung cancer; two each had breast cancer, malignant melanoma, hepatoma and one each had gastric cancer, urinary bladder cancer, adrenocortical carcinoma, malignant lymphoma, angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma; and two had cancers with unknown primaries. Tumor invasion was demonstrated echocardiographically in the left atrium in one each with breast cancer, fibrosarcoma and gastric cancer; in the right atrium in two with hepatomas; in the right atrium and right ventricle in one patient with adrenocortical carcinoma; in the left ventricle in one with lung cancer; and in the pulmonary artery in one with malignant melanoma. Massive pericardial effusion was observed in 11 of 20 patients; two with pericardial tumors including malignant lymphoma and lung cancer. We conjectured that metastatic tumors in the right cardiac cavities came through the inferior vena cava, and other tumors in the left atrium, left ventricle and pericardium developed from direct extension of the primary lesions. There was an 80% mortality of the patients during the observation period, and the average survival period after the diagnosis of cardiac metastases was 5.5 months. However, one patient was still living after two years of radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Echocardiography proved a useful, non-invasive means for the detection and follow-up observation of metastatic cardiac tumors.
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PMID:[Echocardiography in patients with malignant metastatic neoplasms of the heart and great vessels]. 210 13

The incidence of a new primary non-germ cell malignancy was determined in 876 patients with testicular cancer treated at the Norwegian Radium Hospital from 1956 to 1977. Sixty-five patients developed a second cancer leading to a statistically significant increased relative risk (RR = 1.58), especially if extended radiotherapy had been given (RR = 4.13). The excess risks of developing lung cancer and malignant melanoma were 2.03 and 3.89, respectively. Increased RR for these two cancer types were seen both after extended radiotherapy and after radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy. Studies of the time between treatment and secondary lung cancer indicated that the development of the new lung cancer could be partly treatment related, whereas the raised incidence of malignant melanoma may be related to the frequent health checks performed in patients with testicular cancer. Patients who had received extended radiotherapy were also at an increased risk of developing cancer of the stomach and of the colon. Three cases of acute leukaemia were observed more than 5 years after treatment, all of them in patients who had received abdominal radiotherapy only. It is concluded that patients apparently cured of a testicular cancer have an increased risk of developing a new treatment related non-germ cell malignancy, in particular lung cancer. The application of the extended radiotherapy or the combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy containing alkylating drugs should be avoided in order to reduce this excess risk.
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PMID:Second non-germ cell malignancies after radiotherapy of testicular cancer with or without chemotherapy. 210 99

A Phase I clinical trial has been initiated at the University of Arizona Cancer Center which combines escalating oral doses of the polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), with systemic hyperthermia (approximately 41.5 degrees C) in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. The rationale for the combination of hyperthermia and polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors in the treatment of human cancers includes studies which show that depletion of endogenous polyamines, as a result of treatment with DFMO, sensitizes both rodent and human tumor cells to the cytotoxic effects of hyperthermia. Heat shock induces the first enzyme in polyamine catabolism, spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (N1-SAT). The consequently acetylated forms of spermidine and spermine are then constitutively oxidized by the enzyme polyamine oxidase (PAO). Both CHO and human A549 lung cancer cells exhibit heat-inducible polyamine acetylation, display potent heat sensitization after polyamine depletion, and ultimately reveal prolonged expression of thermotolerance. Conversely, HeLa cells do not demonstrate heat-inducible polyamine catabolism, are not sensitized to heat with DFMO, and display more rapid kinetics of thermotolerance decay. These laboratory studies suggest that enhancement of the cytotoxic action of hyperthermia by DFMO occurs as a consequence of the inhibition of polyamine catabolism, a heat-inducible process that affords some form of protection to cells undergoing heat stress. Human melanoma cultures demonstrate heat-inducible polyamine catabolism and are sensitized to hyperthermic cytotoxicity by DFMO. To date, 24 systemic hyperthermia treatments have been delivered to nine patients with metastatic melanoma in conjunction with oral DFMO under this Phase I clinical trial.
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PMID:Polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors combined with systemic hyperthermia in cancer therapy. 211 88

We evaluated the prognostic factors in 52 cases of resected early lung cancer: hilar early lung cancers 9 cases and peripheral early lung cancers 43 cases. All hilar lesions were squamous cell carcinoma, and peripheral lesions were adenocarcinoma (31 cases), squamous cell carcinoma (10 cases), large cell carcinoma (2 cases) and carcinoid (1 case). No relapse was found in hilar lesions, but 7 relapses and 5 deaths were found in peripheral lesions. Prognostic factors were examined in these cases. Location of lung cancer (hilar or peripheral) was found to be important in early lung cancer. In addition, age was a significant prognostic factor in peripheral early lung cancer with multivariate analysis. No other significant factor was found in our cases. Twelve out of 52 cases with lung cancer had other malignancies after or before operation. These were cancers of second primary lung, colo-rectal, uterus, stomach, breast, thyroid, liver and malignant melanoma. Therefore, we have to carefully observe other parts even after resection of early lung cancer.
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PMID:[Evaluation of prognostic factors in early lung cancer]. 215 69

Oncostatin M is a novel growth regulator originally isolated from differentiated human histiocytic lymphoma cells and activated T-lymphocytes based on its ability to inhibit the growth of A375 melanoma cells. We report here that oncostatin M is a widely acting regulator which alters the growth and/or morphology of cells derived from a variety of cancer cell types. At picomolar concentrations, recombinant oncostatin M inhibited the growth of 13/24 tumor cell lines. Six out of 7 lung cancer cell lines were inhibited by oncostatin M, but none of 6 colon cancer cell lines were affected. Oncostatin M also stimulated the growth of some normal cells (3/6), indicating that it, like many growth regulators, is bifunctional. Oncostatin M receptors appear necessary but not sufficient for a growth response to oncostatin M, since none of the cell lines lacking receptor responded to oncostatin M, whereas many but not all cell lines with receptor responded to oncostatin M. Receptor size (Mr congruent to 150,000) was similar for cells in which growth was inhibited, stimulated, or unaffected by oncostatin M.
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PMID:Regulation of cell growth by recombinant oncostatin M. 216 Feb 58

In a study of 6,389 male cancer patients diagnosed and treated at the Cancer Control Agency of British Columbia from 1950-1975, several associations were detected between occupation and specific cancers. Elevated risks for lung cancer were seen in miners, metal processors and machinists, while a reduced risk was seen in farmers. Lip cancer excesses were detected in individuals involved in several outdoor occupations, and melanoma excesses were seen for three groups of predominantly indoor workers. These results confirm previous findings in the literature, whereas the following associations have not been previously reported. Fishermen were found to have an excess of Hodgkin's Disease (RR = 3.0, 95% C.I. = 1.4,6.5), engineers are at an elevated risk of cancer of the pancreas (RR = 4.2, C.I. = 1.8,9.9), and forestry workers have an elevated risk of bladder cancer (RR = 1.7, C.I. = 1.1,2.6). Further studies will be needed to replicate the new associations detected here.
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PMID:Occupational associations among British Columbia male cancer patients. 220 45

A new immunohistochemical assay was developed for the detection of human monoclonal antibody (HuMAb) bound to human biopsied tumor tissues. A murine anti-idiotype monoclonal antibody, alpha type, 18C6 (IgGl), was raised against an IgM HuMAb, L612, defining a tumor-associated ganglioside antigen (GM3) and used as a probe in a three step cell-binding assay (HuMAb + anti-id + biotinylated anti-mouse Ig). Anti-id 18C6 has an exclusive binding specificity for HuMAb L612, but does not interfere with the binding of L612 to antigen positive melanoma cell lines or to a purified antigen, GM3. The applicability of 18C6 in the three step cell-binding assay was tested first using a melanoma cell line, UCLASO-M12. L612 bound to M12 cells was specifically detected by 18C6 without any background reactivity in ELISA. When this assay was compared with the standard two-step cell-binding assay (HuMAb + peroxidase-conjugated anti-human IgM) using various cultured tumor cell lines, parallel reactivity was observed. The three-step cell-binding assay was then applied to various fresh-frozen human tumor sections. Positive reactivity was demonstrated on various histologic types of human tumor tissues: primary melanoma (10/10), metastatic melanoma (4/4), nevus (10/10), lung cancer (3/6), breast cancer (2/6), and colon cancer (1/1). Adjacent normal tissues were unstained. Control experiments included the cell-binding assay with L612 alone, 18C6 alone. L612 + unrelated mouse IgG, and unrelated IgM HuMAb (L72) + 18C6; but biotinylated anti-mouse IgG did not react with these control preparations. The results indicate that anti-id 18C6 is a highly specific probe to assess the expression of the ganglioside antigenic epitope recognized by the L612 HuMAb on biopsied human tumor tissues.
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PMID:Murine monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody (alpha) as a probe to detect human monoclonal antibody bound to human tumor tissues. 223 Jan 46

22-Hydroxytingenone was reisolated from a new source, Glyptopetalum sclerocarpum M. Laws and, for the first time, its unambiguous 13C-NMR assignments were accomplished through the use of APT, HETCOR, and selective INEPT spectroscopy. Intense, but nonspecific cytotoxic activity was observed when this substance was evaluated with a battery of cell lines comprised of the P-388 lymphocytic leukemia, KB carcinoma of the nasopharynx, and a number of human cancer cell types, i.e. HT-1080 fibrosarcoma, LU-1 lung cancer, COL-2 colon cancer, MEL-2 melanoma, and BC-1 breast cancer.
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PMID:Spectral assignment and cytotoxicity of 22-hydroxytingenone from Glyptopetalum sclerocarpum. 223 93


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