Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Death rates are traditional public health measures used to assess the health status of a population. Several types of cancer are examined in this report, and the indicator for years of potential life lost is used to estimate the number of years of life lost per disease type in Texas during the years from 1981 through 1988. For both males and females, the resulting ranking of cancer types was quite different from those obtained with death rates. Among males, testicular cancer and Hodgkin's disease ranked first and second for years of potential life lost while lung cancer and colorectal cancer ranked first and second for deaths. Most men who die with testicular cancer are young, with each death representing an average of 42 years of life lost. Among females, each death from four cancer types--leukemia, brain, cervix uteri, and malignant melanoma skin--results in more than 20 years of lost life.
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PMID:Years of potential life lost: an evaluation of premature cancer deaths in Texas from 1981 through 1988. 155 6

There have been a series of reports on the association of a genetic polymorphism at the cytochrome P450 CYP2D6 gene locus with cancer susceptibility. Many of these reports have remained contradictory either because of small numbers of patients studied or because of the limitations and controversy surrounding the pharmacokinetic assay used to identify affected individuals (poor metabolizers; PMs). We have recently developed a DNA-based assay that will allow the unequivocal identification of poor metabolizers and have applied this to the study of 1635 patients with different forms of cancer. Out of 361 lung cancer patients studied no statistically significant change in the proportion of PMs relative to controls was found. However, a significant increase in the proportion of poor metabolizers or heterozygotes was seen in leukaemia, bladder cancer and melanoma patients. This could be explained by a role for CYP2D6 in carcinogen detoxification or by linkage to another cancer-causing gene.
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PMID:Relationship between the debrisoquine hydroxylase polymorphism and cancer susceptibility. 160 Jun 8

Of 446 deaths among serving and retired British Airways pilots between 1966 and 1989, 411 were analysed using the Proportional Mortality Ratio (PMR) technique. After removal of the predictable excess of aircraft accidents, excesses of cancer (PMR 1.31) and other accidents (1.60) were balanced by deficits in diseases of the circulatory (0.83) and respiratory (0.49) systems. While lung cancer was close to expectation (1.10), consistent excesses were shown in all analyses for malignant melanoma (6.68), cirrhosis of the liver (2.88), colon cancer (2.30) and brain/CNS cancer (2.68). Consideration of these ratios in relation to pilots' lifestyle and occupation leads to the conclusion that the brain/CNS cancer excess must be studied further.
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PMID:The mortality of British Airways pilots, 1966-1989: a proportional mortality study. 161 Mar 37

Metastatic leptomeningeal disease occurs in 5-30% of patients with breast or lung cancer, malignant melanoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, leukemia and primary malignant brain tumors. Intrathecal chemotherapy with methotrexate, cytarabine, or thiotepa combined with irradiation of the site of major involvement increases overall median survival from 1-2 months to 2-7 months. Clinical outcome is limited by progression of systemic or CNS disease and by the neurotoxic side effects of therapy, i.e. leukoencephalopathy. New immunotherapeutic strategies of intrathecal treatment may be effective and less toxic, but are not yet sufficiently defined and available. This review covers the current diagnostic and therapeutic features of metastatic leptomeningeal disease. Pragmatic therapeutic recommendations, based on available clinical knowledge are given with special consideration of the side effects of therapy.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and therapy of meningosis neoplastica]. 163 13

Taxol is a unique mitotic inhibitor that has entered phase II investigation. Phase I studies demonstrated hypersensitivity reactions that were related to the cremophor vehicle and to the rate of drug infusion. As a result, the time span of intravenous (IV) infusion of taxol was routinely prolonged to 6 hours or beyond, and premedication with diphenhydramine, dexamethasone, and cimetidine was initiated. Early studies showed antitumor activity, especially against malignant melanoma and ovarian carcinoma. This phase I trial was performed giving taxol, as a 6-hour IV infusion every 21 days, without premedication. The purpose was to study the necessity of premedication and its impact on toxicity and pharmacokinetics. Thirty-one patients received 64 assessable courses of taxol. One patient had a hypersensitivity reaction, which was easily controlled using routine measures. Myelosuppression was dose-limiting, but sporadic, with two fatalities due to sepsis. Nonhematologic toxicity was of grade 1 and 2 except for one patient with grade 3 mucositis and two patients with grade 3 neuropathy. The neuropathy consisted of reversible painful paresthesias, requiring discontinuation of drug in two patients. Four partial responses were seen (three in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, one in a patient with adenocarcinoma of unknown primary). Pharmacokinetic values were consistent with those previously reported. The occurrence of myelosuppression or neurotoxicity appeared to be associated with the area under the concentration x time curve (AUC) of taxol. The recommended phase II starting dose on this schedule is 225 mg/m2. Taxol merits broad investigation at the phase II level.
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PMID:A phase I trial of taxol given by a 6-hour intravenous infusion. 167 63

The functional monoclonal antibody, selected based on the inhibition of cell motility, was found to be directed to specific carbohydrate structure Fuc alpha 1----2 Gal beta 1----R. This monoclonal antibody, MIA15-5 was established after immunization of mice with adenocarcinoma line of the lung PC7, and selected based on inhibition of U937, HEL, and MAC10 cell migration due to the transwell assay. MIA15-5 reacted with 30-40% of high metastatic variant BL6 of mouse melanoma B16 line and metastatic deposition to lung after injection of BL6 cells was strongly inhibited if MIA15-5 was injected within 3 hours, but was not inhibited by injection of other anti-H antibodies under the same conditions. Injection of MIA15-5 had much less inhibitory effect if administered 1 day after BL-6 injection, and no effect at 3 days. In immunohistochemical staining of 149 formalin fixed specimens of patients with lung cancer, especially adenocarcinoma has the highly frequency of MIA15-5 (65.4%, 49 of 75 cases) and the five year survival rate of the patients with negative staining of MIA15-5 was 58.6% and much better than one with positive staining, 20.9%.
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PMID:[Monoclonal antibody MIA15-5, which inhibits cell motility and metastatic potential, has a great effect on the prognosis of the post-surgical patients with lung cancer]. 171 65

Antibodies to carbohydrate structures are quite commonly found in human sera. Normal individuals, as well as individuals with autoimmune diseases and cancer, produce antibodies reacting with a variety of carbohydrate determinants. These determinants can be expressed on glycoproteins, mucins or glycosphingolipids. For understanding a possible immune response to cancer, the challenge is to determine which, if any, of the serum antibodies are related to the tumor state. This problem has been approached by analyzing the specificity of serum antibodies and, more recently, by producing monoclonal antibodies from the lymphocytes of cancer patients. Malignant melanoma and lung cancer have been the main focus of the monoclonal antibody approach. Melanoma patients' lymphocytes have, in general, yielded anti-ganglioside antibodies whereas anti-neutral glycolipid antibodies were isolated from lung cancer patients. Although these studies provide reagents for potential use in the in vivo diagnosis and therapy of cancer, the significance of these antibodies for an immune response to cancer needs to be further explored.
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PMID:Humoral immune responses to tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens. 172 31

Data on occupations and life styles of patients with cancer have been collected since 1983. To investigate cancer patterns and risks in farmers in Alberta, all farmers were abstracted and compared with nonfarmers in the data base, using case-control analysis. Controls were patients with cancer at any site except the index site. Significantly elevated odds ratio (OR), adjusted for age and smoking, were found among the farmers for cancers of the lip (OR = 3.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.14 to 4.84) and prostate (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.11 to 1.55). Crude risk for lung cancer was significantly lower in farmers, but statistical significance disappeared when risk was adjusted for smoking (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.65 to 1.02). Farmers were at considerably lower risk of malignant melanoma of the skin, compared with nonfarmers (OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.36 to 0.91).
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PMID:Patterns and risks of cancer in farmers in Alberta. 173 27

Two cases of necrotic myelopathy are presented. This is a very rare paraneoplasic syndrome. One patient had clear cell renal carcinoma and other had lymphatic metastasis of malignant melanoma without filiation of the primary tumor. The complete spinal study (MNR, CT, myelography) proved normal. Diagnosis is possible when all other causes of spinal disease have been discarded. Nowadays, it is possible to diagnose this disease premortem. The international literature reviewed showed 31 cases published since 1903, associated mainly to malignant diseases such as lymphomas, lung cancer, renal carcinoma, breast cancer, leukemias, etc. The differential diagnosis appears in the comments, as well as the presentation and evolution of the cases described up until now.
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PMID:[Necrotizing myelopathy associated with neoplasia. A clinico-pathological study of 2 cases and a review of the literature]. 175 90

The incidence of malignant melanoma is increasing faster than that of any other cancer except lung cancer in women. Understanding malignant melanoma and recognizing suspicious lesions is critical in curtailing the spread of this potentially fatal disease.
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PMID:Malignant melanoma. 182 47


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