Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A metastatic malignant melanoma presenting with axillary lymphadenopathy and without a detectable primary lesion is described in a 66-year-old woman. Extensive vitiligo developed 6 years after this diagnosis. There has been no recurrence of melanoma for 10 years following surgical resection of the lymph nodes. The significance of vitiligo and an elusive primary lesion to the favourable prognosis in metastatic malignant melanoma is discussed.
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PMID:Prolonged survival in metastatic malignant melanoma associated with vitiligo. 179 78

The examination of 623 melanoma patients in North Germany yielded the depigmentation disorder vitiligo in 23 cases (i.e. 3.7%). In 11 patients, the disease preceded their tumor, whereas in 11 patients, vitiligo developed after diagnosis of primary and/or metastatic melanoma into the regional lymph nodes. In 1 case, the onset of melanoma in relation to the tumor remained undefined. The prevalence of vitiligo increased with tumor risk factors based on tumor thickness and anatomical site of tumor location (i.e. for low risk 1.75%, intermediate risk 5.2% and high risk 5.8%). A comparison of the prevalence of vitiligo to the normal population of Northwestern Europe (i.e. 0.38-0.57%) showed a 7- to 10-fold increase for the patients with melanoma. A reverse analysis of the data yielded a 180-fold higher prevalence of melanoma in the group of patients with vitiligo. These results strongly support a more thorough examination of patients with vitiligo for primary melanoma.
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PMID:Vitiligo and cutaneous melanoma. A case study. 180 84

A case of malignant melanoma associated with vitiligo in a middle aged Nigerian is presented. The Association has been well documented in some other parts of the world, but this is the first of its type in the West African subregion. The occurrence of vitiligo in melanoma patients is generally believed to be beneficial, and has been well recognised to presage long time survival for the patient. The course of events in our patient is still being observed.
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PMID:Coexisting malignant melanoma and vitiligo in a Nigerian. 206 94

The serum antibody response to human melanoma has prognostic and potential physiological consequences. The specificity of the host B cell antibody response may be an important determinant of disease outcome. We have utilized Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformation to analyze the repertory of the host B cell response to melanoma. Production of antibody that binds selectively to autologous (eight cases) or allogeneic (four cases) short-term-cultured melanoma cells was assessed from EBV-transformed B lymphoblastoid cells. Forty-two cultures of EBV-transformed B cells that secreted IgM and 23 that secreted IgG antibodies gave patterns of differential reactivity with autologous or allogeneic melanoma. Antibody-forming B cells persisted in producing melanoma-reactive IgG and IgM for 8-21 weeks. Preselection of B cells by adsorption to tumor cell antigens before transformation enhanced the frequency of antibody secretion. The specificity of the antibody produced by the longest-producing culture appears to be restricted to a subset of melanomas. The patient from whom this tumor-restricted IgG-producing B cell was retrieved was unusual, having had a transient serum IgG of similar specificity, and having manifest a syndrome of vitiligo at the time of her development of serum antimelanoma antibody, followed by disease-free survival of resected recurrent metastatic melanoma to the present (more than 6 years). This study has given support to findings of conventional serology, revealing the production of melanoma-reactive antibody from B cells of patients who have demonstrable serological response to tumor.
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PMID:Human IgG and IgM monoclonal antibodies against autologous melanoma produced by Epstein-Barr-virus-transformed B lymphocytes. 217 72

Sinclair strain miniature swine spontaneously develop and regress malignant melanoma lesions, with uveitis and vitiligo occurring subsequent to tumor regression. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of Sinclair swine undergoing tumor regression and melanocyte destruction demonstrated significant lytic activity against K562, porcine semiallogeneic uveal melanocytes, and melanoma cells in 4-h chromium release assays. The ability of porcine PBL to lyse these target cells appears to be an age-associated immune response, as evidenced by the relative inability of PBL of pigs less than 4 weeks old to lyse target cells. In young adult pigs, however, PBL cytotoxic activity significantly increases; piglets 6 weeks old and older demonstrate efficient killing of all three targets. Conjugate formation assays demonstrate that a lymphoid effector cell possessing large granular lymphocyte (LGL) morphology may be involved in melanocyte destruction. These findings suggest that a LGL subpopulation may participate in melanoma and melanocyte destruction which can induce a uveitic syndrome in Sinclair swine with melanoma.
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PMID:Association of uveal melanocyte destruction in melanoma-bearing swine with large granular lymphocyte cells. 259 58

To record the potentially serious side-effects of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers and ocular damage following long-term PUVA chemotherapy, we re-examined 198 of 242 patients. These comprised: 90 with psoriasis, 27 with parapsoriasis, 19 with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, 23 with vitiligo, eight with cutaneous mastocytosis, 16 with atopic dermatitis, three with prurigo nodularis, two with polymorphous light eruption and 10 with pruritus of chronic renal failure on dialysis, treated between 1977 and 1987 in our department. During the 10-year period, 11 patients died of unrelated disease. None of the patients reviewed had previous skin cancer or had been treated with arsenic, methotrexate or ionizing irradiation before PUVA treatment. None of the patients were children under 16 years of age. The mean age was 54.5 years, the sex ratio 102:96 (M:F). The mean cumulative dose of UVA for the whole group was 169.5 J/cm2. One patient with psoriasis, psoriatic arhropathy, ankylosing spondylitis and Crohn's disease, who was on azathioprine for 6 years, developed squamous-cell carcinoma on the left lower leg. Another patient with pustular psoriasis, who received PUVA treatment to her palms and soles only, developed malignant lentigo of Hutchinson on the right lower leg. PUVA lentigines were found in about 20% of patients. All patients had a yearly ophthalmological examination. None of them developed cataracts, lens opacities or had impairment of their visual acuity.
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PMID:Cutaneous and ocular side-effects of PUVA photochemotherapy--a 10-year follow-up study. 269 Nov 34

Antibody reactivity to melanocyte-derived cells was investigated in patients with alopecia areata or totalis by use of Western blot analysis of detergent-solubilized membrane antigens of a human melanoma cell line, M14. Reactivity was detected in the sera of 9 of 27 alopecia areata or totalis patients, 8 of 13 vitiligo patients, and 6 of 24 normal control subjects. Significant differences between patient and control sera were found in the number and distribution of antibody specificities detected. In vitiligo sera, there was an increased prevalence of reactivity to a melanoma antigen of 52,000 mol wt. In contrast, the predominant specificities in alopecia areata sera were for antigens of 74,500 and 70,800 mol wt, and the majority of positive sera were from patients with total hair loss. These findings suggest that autoreactivity to pigmented cells occurs in certain patients with alopecia areata or totalis.
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PMID:Western blot analysis of serum antibody reactivity with human melanoma cell antigens in alopecia areata and vitiligo. 304 12

Patients with stage II melanoma were vaccinated with vaccinia virus-induced melanoma cell lysates (VMCL). The vaccine contained viable vaccinia virus, membranous fragments and no intact nuclei. A number of antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies were detected in the vaccine including the ganglioside GD3 and DR antigens. Administration of the vaccine was associated with depression of natural killer cell activity against melanoma and K562 target cells in the first 3-6 months of treatment. Leucocyte dependent antibody (LDA) activity against melanoma cells was induced or increased in titre in approximately half of the patients studied. Continued vaccination was associated in a number of patients with a decrease in LDA titres. Studies on a small sample of patients revealed that this was associated with the development of serum factors which inhibited LDA activity. LDA activity appeared directed to non-MHC antigens on melanoma cells which were of at least two specificities. One specificity which was shared with antigens on a number of non-melanoma carcinoma cells was removed by absorption on fetal brain and may be similar to oncofetal antigens described by other workers. Reactivity against melanocytes was induced in some patients and may underline the development of vitiligo in several patients. These results suggest that vaccines prepared from VMCL may be a favourable method for increasing immune responses against melanoma.
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PMID:Phase II study of vaccinia melanoma cell lysates (VMCL) as adjuvant to surgical treatment of stage II melanoma. II. Effects on cell mediated cytotoxicity and leucocyte dependent antibody activity: immunological effects of VMCL in melanoma patients. 346 Jul 2

Several varieties of ocular pathology are associated with acquired cutaneous hypomelanosis (leukoderma; vitiligo). Our current study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between ophthalmologic disorders and a specific depigmentary phenomenon, the vitiligolike leukoderma of cutaneous melanoma. Over the past 14 years, eight patients with cutaneous melanoma and widespread areas of hypopigmentation were identified at the Pigmented Lesion Clinic of the Massachusetts General Hospital. The seven patients who underwent ophthalmologic examination had pigment-related ocular abnormalities. Among these were inflammations of the uveal tract in three patients, heterochromia in two, halo nevi of the choroid in one, and hypopigmentation and/or atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium or choroid in four. Our findings demonstrate that ocular disease may be a component in a syndrome consisting also of cutaneous melanoma and vitiligolike leukoderma and suggest the need for complete ophthalmologic examinations in patients with melanoma and leukoderma.
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PMID:Ocular abnormalities associated with cutaneous melanoma and vitiligolike leukoderma. 379 49

Most vitiligo sera contain antibodies to surface antigens on pigmented human melanocytes but not to human or mouse amelanotic melanoma cells. A density-dependent line of hamster amelanotic melanocytic cells (FF) produces a diffusible factor (CIF) which restores contact inhibition of growth as well as several other normal phenotypic characteristics to hamster, murine, and human melanoma cells. The ability of CIF to induce the expression of a phenotypic characteristic of pigmented human melanocytic cells, i.e., the vitiligo-related surface antigens, on hamster and mouse amelanotic melanoma cells was investigated. Vitiligo and normal sera were reacted with CIF-treated and untreated hamster and mouse amelanotic melanoma cells for both indirect-immunofluorescence assays and ELISA. Immunofluorescence testing showed that about 80% of hamster and mouse melanoma cells had pigment-cell antigens (in the absence of pigmentation) in a granular surface pattern after, but not prior to, CIF-induced morphologic reversion and confluent growth. Less than 5% of the control hamster and mouse melanoma cells expressed such antigens at confluence. These results were confirmed by ELISA. Metabolic-labeling studies with 35S-methionine showed that the vitiligo antigens were synthesized by the CIF-treated melanoma cells. The slowing of melanoma cell proliferation in isoleucine-deficient medium failed to elicit the expression of vitiligo antigens. Since antigen appearance following phenotypic reversion occurred without pigment induction, it is concluded that vitiligo-related surface antigens and pigmentation are distinct aspects of a differentiated function which may be non-coordinately expressed. The expression of pigment-cell differentiation antigens on amelanotic melanoma cells is an additional feature of the pleiotypic trans-species response to CIF.
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PMID:Vitiligo-related pigment cell differentiation antigens are expressed on malignant melanoma cells following phenotypic reversion induced by contact inhibitory factor. 391 44


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