Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The tumor inhibitory factor-2 from the conditioned medium of the human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line A673 was purified and sequenced. The 19 N-terminal amino acid residues were identical to those of human interleukin 1 (IL-1), corresponding to the residues 119-137 of the IL-1 alpha precursor. The purified material had an apparent molecular weight similar to that of the mature secreted form of IL-1 alpha (Mr 17,400). In addition, similarly to IL-1, it induced the production of IL-2 by T-cells. The purified protein inhibited the growth of the A673 cells from which it was derived, suggesting that it may act as an autocrine growth inhibitor. It also inhibited the growth of a human adenocarcinoma of the lung and three human mammary carcinomas, but not of two human melanoma cell lines. In contrast, it stimulated the proliferation of normal human fibroblasts. These biological activities, previously assigned to a putative tumor inhibitory factor molecule, are apparently due to the production by the tumor cells of IL-1 alpha.
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PMID:Purification and characterization of tumor inhibitory factor-2: its identity to interleukin 1. 278 51

Malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFH) belong to the most frequent soft tissue tumours in adults and have to be discriminated from other tumours with similar morphology. Various tumour markers aid the differential diagnosis. Twenty cases of MFH were studied immunohistochemically using antibodies to vimentin, TPA, desmin, lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, S-100 protein, neurone-specific enolase (NSE), laminin, fibronectin and ferritin. Vimentin and lysozyme were found in the tumour cells of all, alpha 1-antitrypsin of 18, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin of 19, fibronectin of 16 and ferritin of 12 cases. Antibodies of TPA, desmin, S-100 protein, NSE and laminin did not reveal positive immunoreactivity. Exclusion of spindle-cell carcinoma can be made by positive vimentin and negative TPA reactivity, of melanoma by negative S-100 reactivity, and of leio- and rhabdomyosarcoma by lack of desmin immunoreactivity. Schwannomas contain S-100 protein, but lack lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and fibronectin. Pleomorphic liposarcomas cannot be distinguished from MFH on the basis of immunohistochemical staining. Vimentin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and fibronectin can, therefore, be regarded as useful markers in the differential diagnosis of MFH.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical studies in the differential diagnosis of malignant fibrous histiocytoma]. 302 16

Melphalan (L-phenylalanine mustard) is a bifunctional alkylating agent that is commonly administered orally to treat a wide variety of malignancies, including cancers of the breast and ovary, as well as multiple myeloma. Although commercially available in Europe and Canada, intravenous (IV) melphalan remains investigational in the United States. The role of IV melphalan in cancer chemotherapy is not well defined, despite its manageable toxicity and higher and more predictable blood levels following IV administration compared with oral administration. In addition, unlike oral melphalan, an extensive phase I evaluation of IV melphalan has not been undertaken. At lower doses (eg, 30 to 70 mg/m2), both as a single agent and in combination, the activity of IV melphalan has been evaluated in only a limited number of diseases. However, striking activity has been observed in previously untreated patients with rhabdomyosarcoma, a disease not generally considered responsive to alkylating agents. When administered at high doses (greater than 140 mg/m2) requiring bone marrow reinfusion, melphalan effects a high response rate (but no improvement in survival) in a variety of nonhematologic tumor types, including resistant tumors such as melanoma and colon carcinoma. In contrast, in poor-prognosis patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma, or neuroblastoma, high-dose melphalan-containing regimens have yielded both high response rates and improved survival, despite considerable toxicity. Additional clinical trials will be necessary to define the spectrum of activity of lower doses of IV melphalan and to define subgroups of patients most likely to benefit from high-dose melphalan.
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PMID:The systemic administration of intravenous melphalan. 305 5

The mechanism of human peripheral blood monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity was investigated using the HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma line, A673 human rhabdomyosarcoma line, and A375 human melanoma line as target cells. Pretreatment of these target cells with 100 U/ml of recombinant human interferon (IFN)-gamma for 48 hr increased their susceptibility to monocyte killing. Increased susceptibility to the lytic action was particularly pronounced at low effector/target cell ratios. Unlike IFN-gamma human IFN-alpha did not potentiate monocyte cytotoxicity, and pretreatment of HT-29 with IFN-alpha also had virtually no effect on their susceptibility to monocyte killing. However, IFN-gamma appeared to prime either monocytes or target cells to become responsive to IFN-alpha. Our data suggest that IFN-gamma can promote the killing of tumor cells by monocytes through two separate actions, one on the monocyte and one on the target cell.
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PMID:Interferon-gamma enhances target cell sensitivity to monocyte killing. 309

Three cases (rhabdomyosarcoma, lymphoma, and metastatic malignant melanoma) of unexpected increased uptake of methylenediphosphonate labelled by technetium 99m sodium pertechnetate (99mTc-MDP) are described. The possible mechanisms of the extraosseous tumoral accumulation of 99mTc-MDP in these malignancies are discussed. The usefulness of this method for the diagnosis, localization, and follow-up of some extraosseous tumors is evaluated.
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PMID:Unusual extraosseous tumoral accumulation of 99mTc-MDP. 315 75

A retrospective survey of all electron microscopic (EM) examinations of surgical pathology specimens obtained at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan over a 5-year period (1981-1985) was carried out. During this time a total of 259 cases were examined: for 97 (38%) electron microscopy provided a substantial diagnostic contribution, whereas in 151 (58%) it confirmed the previous light microscopic diagnosis. In our experience, EM was most useful for diagnosing selected cases of cutaneous malignant melanoma predominantly metastatic, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma and poorly differentiated neuroepithelial tumors and less helpful in the further analysis of cases of malignant mesothelioma, Ewing's sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma and fibrohistiocytic malignancies. In cases of well-differentiated neuroepithelial tumors, such as carcinoids, EM data was essentially confirmatory of (immuno)-histochemical findings.
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PMID:Electron microscopy in an oncologic institution. Diagnostic usefulness in surgical pathology. 321 87

Mice and rats of various ages (3, 10-12, and 18-19 months) were inoculated with the transplantation tumours murine melanoma B16 (B16), mammary adenocarcinoma 755 (Ca-755), leukemia P388 (P388), and rat rhabdomyosarcoma RA-2 (RA-2). Subcutaneous (sc) growth of B16 was not markedly affected by the age of the syngeneic host whereas intravenously (iv) inoculated 12 months old C57BL/6 mice developed more pulmonary metastases than animals 3 months of age. Median survival time (MST) of 18 months old mice bearing Ca-755 was significantly shorter than that of younger individuals. In contrast, old rats that had been injected RA-2 iv survived longer than controls. Survival of DBA/2 mice inoculated intraperitoneally (ip) with P388 cells was not influenced by the age of the host. The antineoplastic activity of ambazone and, to a less extent, of 5-fluorouracil against P388 was drastically lower in 12 months old mice than in 3 months old tumour bearers. Likewise a graduate loss of antineoplastic activity of ambazone against Ca-755 was observed with increasing age of the mice, whereas the effect of ambazone and 5-fluorouracil against RA-2 did not depend on the age of the rats. It is suggested that tumour-host interactions as well as pharmacokinetics of a given drug may underlie age-related changes.
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PMID:Carcinogenesis and aging. VIII. Effect of host age on tumour growth, metastatic potential, and chemotherapeutic sensitivity to 1.4-benzoquinone-guanylhydrazonethiosemicarbazone (ambazone) and 5-fluorouracil in mice and rats. 322 59

Ultrastructures of 25 tumors were analyzed by electron microscopy (EM). Of the 25 cases, there were 9 amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation tumors (APUD) (2 carotid body tumor, 2 medullary carcinoma of thyroid and 5 carcinoid) in which the dense core granules of different sizes were seen in the cytoplasm. 4 cases of malignant melanoma were identified by EM basing on the premelanosome and melanosome in the cells. In 4 carcinomas from different locations, 2 had mucous secretory granules in the cytoplasm and junction complex between the tumor cells. The diagnosis was finally confirmed as adenocarcinoma. The other 2 cases were identified as epidermoid carcinoma or anaplastic carcinoma as desmosome and tonofilaments were found. 4 cases of malignant lymphoma without any cell junction complex were identified. Moreover, there were several cases of mesenchymal cell tumors, such as leiomyoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, chordoma and Schwannoma confirmed by their special organelles. This study shows that the ultrastructural analysis is valuable in the differential diagnosis and classification of tumors.
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PMID:[Ultrastructural analysis in differential diagnosis of tumors]. 324 84

A consecutive series of 100 patients operated on for lesions that were assumed to be soft tissue tumors, all of whom had been the subject of fine-needle aspiration in the preoperative investigation, is described. A correlative study of smears and the light- and electron-microscopic findings of embedded fine-needle aspirates and the histopathology of the surgical specimens was performed. Eighty of the lesions were found to be genuine soft tissue tumors, of which 51 were sarcomas. The other 20 cases were either metastatic carcinoma, malignant melanoma, or malignant lymphoma. The embedding technique produced additional light-microscopic information about tissue structure and growth pattern, and electron-microscopic information about tissue and cell differentiation of importance to the diagnosis. In the case of certain types of soft tissue tumor, such as lipoma, neurilemmoma, liposarcoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and for well-differentiated metastatic carcinoma and pigmented malignant melanoma, the diagnosis may be strongly suggested by the appearance of the smears; the embedding technique serves to further support the diagnosis. In the case of small round-cell malignancies, the ultrastructural examination proved to be of special value, ie, in the distinction of rhabdomyosarcoma, poorly differentiated metastatic small cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma, and occasional cases of malignant lymphoma. Spindle cell sarcomas, such as leiomyosarcoma when well differentiated, biphasic synovial sarcoma when it includes glandular structures, and malignant hemangiopericytoma, could be recognized ultrastructurally, although electron-microscopy generally failed to reach a definite diagnosis as to the subtype in most cases of poorly differentiated spindle-cell sarcoma.
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PMID:Ultrastructural studies in the preoperative cytologic diagnosis of soft tissue tumors. 330 37

The derivation of an IgG1k monoclonal antibody (HSAN 1.2) recognizing a cell membrane determinant on human neuroblastoma cells is reported. The determinant was found on all 17 cultured human neuroblastoma cells that were tested, but the density of the antigen varied widely on different cell lines. The antibody also bound to fresh and cultured Wilm's tumor cells, retinoblastoma cells, and one of two Ewing's sarcoma cell lines tested, it did not bind to mouse neuroblastoma cells, normal fibroblasts, blood, or bone marrow. Tumor cells that did not stain with HSAN 1.2 included glioma, medulloblastoma, melanoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, mesenchymoma, leukemia, and lymphoma cells. The distribution of the HSAN 1.2 antigen in normal tissues was confined to brain and newborn kidney. As few as 0.1% tumor cells in bone marrow aspirates were detectable by fluorescein-conjugated HSAN 1.2 antibody and flow cytometry. This antibody should be useful for the discrimination of neuroblastoma from other pediatric malignancies, for the detection of tumor cells in metastatic sites such as bone marrow, and for selective removal of neuroblastoma cells from marrow harvested for autologous transplantation.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody recognizing a human neuroblastoma-associated antigen. 332 7


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