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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The histologic differential diagnosis of skin lesions characterized by large, atypical, clear cells in the epidermis includes Bowen's disease, Paget's disease (mammary and extramammary), malignant melanoma in situ (pagetoid precancerous melanosis), mycosis fungoides, Spitz nevus, and artifact. Our experience with these lesions indicates that these diseases can be differentiated immunohistologically by the standard peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique, using antibodies directed against keratin (KER), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and S-100 protein (S-100). Based on a study of 11 cases of Bowen's disease, eight cases of Paget's disease, and nine cases of malignant melanoma in situ, we conclude that the atypical clear cells of Bowen's disease stain only with antibodies to KER; those of Paget's disease, exclusively with antibodies to CEA; and those of malignant melanoma in situ, with antibodies to S-100. Additionally, we report a case in which clinical and histologic findings suggested Bowen's disease, but immunohistologic findings supported the diagnosis of Paget's disease.
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PMID:Bowen's disease, Paget's disease, and malignant melanoma in situ. 242 66

Two patients with metastasizing melanoma and diffuse melanosis have previously been reported to excrete large quantities of trichochromes in the urine. The present study describes 2 further melanoma patients with diffuse melanosis and trichochromuria. The hair of one of the patients which had been red in childhood and turned brown in adult age returned to red with the appearance of melanosis. Normal excretion of a methylated melanocytic metabolite, 6-hydroxy-5-methoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid, was observed in this patient, possibly indicating exhaustion of the methylating system. The other patients excreted large quantities of 6-hydroxy-5-methoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid. Both patients showed highly increased excretion of 5-S-cysteinyldopa. Both patients with melanosis exhibited fine electrone-dense granules in lysosomes of dermal histiocytes. The findings support the concept that trichochromes or similar pigments in dermal histiocytes are responsible for diffuse melanosis in melanoma patients.
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PMID:Trichochromuria in melanosis of melanoma. 243 64

With an occurrence of approximately 1 in 3000 births, von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (NF) is one of the most common inherited human disorders. NF is considered a neurocristopathy, a disorder of neural crest derived cells. One of the complications of NF is the development of neural crest derived malignancies such as malignant schwannoma, pheochromocytoma, and malignant melanoma of the skin and choroid. The case history of a patient with NF and conjunctival malignant melanoma which developed in an eye with primary acquired melanosis is yet another example of a neural crest malignancy developing in a NF patient.
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PMID:Neurofibromatosis and neural crest neoplasms: primary acquired melanosis and malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva. 249 40

A condition clinically identical to human conjunctival primary acquired melanosis (PAM) was induced in 16 of 20 Dutch (pigmented) rabbits after weekly topical 60-microliters applications of a 1% solution of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in acetone. Pigment stippling appeared in the conjunctiva as early as 5 weeks after the initial carcinogen application. Confluent patches of flat pigmentation appeared over the palpebral conjunctiva 18 weeks after the onset of treatment and showed progressive lateral enlargement and darkening. Histologically, a spectrum of changes from increased melanin production and melanocytic hyperplasia without atypia (resembling the human condition of PAM without atypia) through atypical melanocytic hyperplasia (resembling human PAM with atypia) was identified. The development of this model permits further investigations to explore and explain the clinically observed phenomenon of waxing and waning of PAM and its promotion to conjunctival malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Animal model of conjunctival primary acquired melanosis. 250 5

Primary malignant melanoma is an unusual lesion in the esophagus that is not infrequently seen in association with melanosis. A case of esophageal invasive malignant melanoma with melanosis is described in which the melanosis exhibited melanocytic atypia extending through to melanoma in situ. The authors know of no previously reported such finding.
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PMID:Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus with diffuse melanocytic atypia and melanoma in situ. 258 47

The gross and microscopic features of an unusual case of neurocutaneous melanosis are described. This is an example of the rare association between a primary central nervous system malignant melanoma and a giant congenital melanocytic naevus of 'bathing trunk' distribution.
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PMID:Primary central nervous malignant melanoma in the bathing trunk naevus syndrome. 260 80

We analysed and discussed clinico-pathologically 16 cases of malignant melanoma and 4 cases of their precancerosis occurring on the palm or sole of Japanese patients. In contrast to previous reports from the US and Europe, which emphasize the almost exclusive preponderance of acral-lentiginous melanoma (ALM) on volar skin, our series consisted of eight cases each of acral-lentiginous and nodular melanoma. We investigated the clinical and cytopathological findings of 4 representative ALM and 2 representative nodular melanomas, as well as the detailed clinical behaviour of all 16 cases, including precancerosis. In every case of ALM, we have found the presence of a three-phase pattern, namely A-(nodule phase), B-(plaque phase), and C-(macule phase) phases, representing focal and progressive melanoma genesis both clinically and pathologically. A- and B-phases of ALM shared many common features with pagetoid melanoma and pagetoid premalignant melanosis frequently occurring on the trunk. It was also found that nodular melanoma on the palm or sole also possesses common features with that occurring on non-volar areas and exhibits the highest malignancy of all melanoma types. In addition, we discussed ALM precancerous lesions called plantar premalignant melanosis, which consist of B- and C-phases only.
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PMID:[Heterogeneity of palmo-plantar malignant melanomas--comparative analysis of acral lentiginous melanoma and nodular melanoma on palm or sole]. 261 91

The common acquired conjunctival nevus usually undergoes progressive maturation and only exceptionally gives rise to conjunctival melanoma. Pure junctional nevi are rare except in childhood. Histologically, however, a junctional nevus may be indistinguishable from primary acquired melanosis (PAM) with atypia, a condition of middle-aged and elderly individuals that has a tendency to evolve into melanoma. Nevi in adolescents may attract a vigorous lymphocytic response and may cause clinical and histologic confusion with other entities, particularly a regressing nodule of melanoma that occurs predominantly in adults. Rarely, congenital conjunctival nevi are identified, sometimes in patients with adjacent congenital nevi of the eyelid. A variety of unusual nevi, including balloon-cell nevi, Spitz nevi, epithelioid cell nevi, dysplastic nevi, recurrent nevi, episcleral melanosis and the nevus of Ota, blue and cellular blue nevi, melanocytoma, and composite or mixed nevi all may be identified in the conjunctiva. Concepts of histogenesis as well as the clinical, light microscopic, and ultrastructural features of these and other benign pigmentary conditions of the conjunctiva are described.
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PMID:Benign conjunctival melanocytic lesions. Clinicopathologic features. 265 39

The aetiopathogenetic and evolutive problem of primary oral melanoma is examined with particular regard for melanosis and its relationship with oral naevi. These lesions are classified differently by Authors with different opinions regarding their ability to turn malignant. In this regard, the latest and most reliable hypotheses on the subject are put forward.
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PMID:[Pigmented lesions of the oral cavity. II. Melanosis and melanoma]. 266 18

A case of neurocutaneous melanosis developing a leptomeningeal melanoma is described in a ten year old girl in whom an intraspinal lipoma had been resected seven years earlier. Standard and CT myelographic findings are described and the complementary role of Gadolinium-enhanced MRI is discussed. The literature is reviewed and the association of a lipoma and neurocutaneous melanosis has not been encountered.
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PMID:Neurocutaneous melanosis associated with intraspinal lipoma. 267 28


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