Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied six cases of heavily pigmented melanocytic lesions with features of blue nevi within the dermis, but with an additional junctional dendritic component. This compound variant of blue nevus is an uncommon lesion that has not been previously identified as a distinct histologic entity. Immunoperoxidase staining for S100 protein and counterstaining with azure B distinguished the presence of melanocytes among numerous melanophages within the dermis. The compound variant of blue nevus can be distinguished histologically from combined blue nevus, pigmented spindle cell nevus, malignant melanoma, and melanosis due to a regressed malignant melanoma. The six lesions were from three men and three women whose ages ranged from 11 to 51 years (mean, 31 years). Three lesions were located on the trunk, two on the extremities, and one on the head. After a mean follow-up period of 47 months (range, 38 to 58 months), there was no evidence of recurrence.
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PMID:Compound blue nevus: a variant of blue nevus with an additional junctional dendritic component. A clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical study of six cases. 222 38

A 40-year-old male with early 'invasive' malignant melanoma of the glans penis and meatus urethrae externus is presented. Early stages of primary melanoma of the glans penis and the male urethra are distinctly rare and are often clinically indistinguishable from penile lentigo, melanosis and melanocytic nevus on the genitalia. In order to avoid large and useless surgery on such a delicate location we propose a punch biopsy with subsequent histological examination prior to definitive surgical procedure. Whereas malignant melanoma of the penis with a thick Breslow index is treated with extended surgical management, only local excision of the tumor without groin dissection was performed in our patient.
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PMID:Early 'invasive' malignant melanoma of the glans penis and the male urethra. Report of a case and review of the literature. 222 87

Vulvar melanosis is a condition in which intensely pigmented irregular macules, clinically mimicking malignant melanoma, appear on the vulva. A biopsy specimen shows only marked lower epidermal pigmentation without any melanocytic atypia or nesting. The process is benign, and reassurance is the only treatment.
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PMID:Vulvar melanosis. 222 40

A case of amelanotic malignant melanoma of the esophagus in a 76-year-old woman is reported. A whitish polypoid tumor, measuring 3 x 2 x 2.7 cm, surrounded by black pigmented mucosa, was detected in the middle intrathoracic esophagus. The tumor showed a lobulated surface lined by squamous cell layer, and had epithelioid and polyhedral cells forming alveolar clusters. Melanin pigments or stainability for the dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) reaction were only observed in a few tumor cells. Junctional changes and mucosal melanosis, however, were found freely in the mucosa around the tumor. Many tumor cells showed a strongly positive immunohistochemical reaction for neuron specific enolase (NSE) and S100 protein. The patient died of widespread metastases six months after surgery. Further, a review of 106 reported cases of primary esophageal malignant melanoma, including 29 autopsies, was made; the melanomas were found to include 10 of amelanotic type, eight of which had been misdiagnosed at biopsy. Junctional changes could be found in the mucosa over or around the tumor, in four cases, and mucosal melanosis in one. Lymph node metastasis was the most frequently observed development at autopsy regardless of whether the tumor was amelanotic or melanotic. For correct diagnoses of melanomas of the amelanotic type, peripheral mucosal findings, such as junctional changes or melanosis, should be helpful; and, in order to obtain a good prognosis, a careful resection of the regional lymph nodes could prove valuable.
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PMID:Amelanotic malignant melanoma of the esophagus: case report and review of the literature. 225 5

For clinical dermatologists, proliferations of melanocytes confined to the epidermis (and epithelial structures of adnexa) are either flattish melanocytic nevi (junctional type) or flat lesions (macules and patches) of malignant melanoma (malignant melanoma in situ). The same should be true for histopathologists. During the past 30 years, however, histopathologists have avoided making specific diagnoses of malignant melanoma in situ by utilizing a variety of nondiagnostic, euphemistic descriptions for it such as melanotic freckle of Hutchinson, melanosis circumscripta precancerosa of Dubreuilh, active junctional nevus, lentigo maligna, atypical melanocytic hyperplasia, melanocytic dysplasia, and melanocytic intraepithelial neoplasia. Each of these terms evades a specific diagnosis of malignant melanoma in situ, a diagnosis than can, and should, be made clinically and histopathologically if reliable criteria are used. The legitimacy of a concept of malignant melanoma in situ in the context of historical perspective and the importance of that concept for management of patients are the themes of this essay.
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PMID:Ideas in pathology. Malignant melanoma in situ: the evolution of a concept. 226 99

Herein reported is a case of congenital malignant melanoma in a premature male baby from a 25-year-old healthy mother who was found to have hydramnios at the 29th week of gestation. The pregnancy was interrupted because of a large posterior neck mass detected by ultrasonography. The large neck mass of the baby was a malignant melanoma involving deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue. The skin over the mass showed a large area of pigmentation with hairs and the pigmentation involved the occipital scalp and posterior neck. Microscopically, the tumor cells were monotonous and showed polygonal and epithelioid appearance with prominent nucleoli indicative of malignant melanoma of a minimal deviation variety. Neither junctional components nor benign dermal nevus cells were noted. There were no distant metastasis or underlying leptomeningeal melanosis. This tumor is presumed to have developed from either preexisted congenital giant pigmented nevus with loss of benign components or de novo origin.
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PMID:Congenital malignant melanoma--a case report. 227 67

Eighty-one cases of conjunctival melanoma treated between 1960 and 1988 were studied to determine factors that might affect outcome in patients with such lesions. The therapeutic procedures performed were local excision (16), local excision followed by brachytherapy with Sr-90/Y-90 (32), local excision followed by cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen (16), brachytherapy with Sr-90/Y-90 (12), local excision followed by external beam irradiation (3), and local excision followed by brachytherapy and cryotherapy (2). The median follow-up period was 5.5 years (longest 26, shortest 1 year). Sixty two patients (76.5%) showed a complete regression of the melanoma, 19 (23.5%) developed recurrences, and 15 (18.5%) died from metastases. The melanomas had developed with almost equal frequency from a pre-existing naevus (25.9%), from primary acquired melanosis (25.9%), and 'de novo' (30.9%). Small tumours had a higher chance of regressing (80.6%) than larger ones (68.6%). The cumulative survival rate was 76% after five years and 60% after 10 years from any causes of death and 87.6% after five years and 76.3% after 10 years from deaths caused by metastases. Most deaths from metastases occurred within 5 years. At 88.5%, the cumulative survival rate of patients with small tumours (less than one quadrant of the bulbar conjunctiva and less than 2 mm thickness) was significantly higher than that of patients with larger tumours (more than one quadrant of the bulbar conjunctiva and/or more than 2 mm thickness) with 65% after eight years. Local excision followed by beta ray irradiation (Sr-90/Y-90) or cryotherapy can be recommended as the treatment of choice. Nevertheless the behaviour of conjunctival melanomas remains unpredictable in individual cases.
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PMID:Therapeutic outcome of patients suffering from malignant melanomas of the conjunctiva. 228 86

During a five month period, 220 slaughter swine (at two abattoirs) had gross cutaneous and lymph node lesions suggestive of melanoma. Lymph nodes from 214 and cutaneous lesions from 176 of these pigs were submitted for histological examination. Of the cutaneous lesions, 174 were spontaneously regressing melanomas, and two were nonregressing. Regression usually commenced by infiltration of the lesion by lymphocytes, plasma cells and the formation of giant cells. Of the melanotic lymph nodes, 177 were diagnosed as melanosis, 35 were considered to be metastatic regressing melanomas, and two were nonregressing melanomas. This report indicates a high rate of spontaneous regression in swine melanomas detected at slaughter.
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PMID:Melanocytic cutaneous lesions and melanotic regional lymph nodes in slaughter swine. 235 71

A case of histologically documented transformation of benign intraoral melanosis into malignant melanoma is presented. Because benign oral melanotic lesions can transform into malignant melanoma, all intraoral melanotic lesions should be completely excised with histologically proven free margins.
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PMID:Histologically documented transformation of benign oral melanosis into malignant melanoma: a case report. 235 51

A croaker (Nibea mitsukurii) has a high incidence of the skin melanoma, chromatophoroma, in a Pacific coastal area in Japan. A sea catfish (Plotosus anguillaris) bearing skin melanosis is also found in the same area. For elucidation of a correlation between these pigment cell neoplasms of the skin and environmental contaminants, an epidemiological survey was conducted to determine the distribution and prevalence of tumor-bearing fish. Based upon observations of a high prevalence of skin neoplasms near the discharge point for kraft pulp mills, experiments were conducted to determine the neoplastic induction efficiency of the effluent on the croaker and sea catfish species. Isolation and identification of mutagens in effluent extracts were carried out using the Ames test, followed by mass spectral analysis of mutagenic fractions. The effluent induced a chromatophoroma on one croaker of the 100 tested, and it induced pigment cell hyperplasia on 70 to 100% of the sea catfish. These skin neoplasms were grossly similar to those observed in the field. Five chloroacetones were identified from the Ames-positive fractions of the effluent, and tetrachlorocyclopentene-1,3-dione and two alpha-dicarbonyl compounds were also detected as mutagens. The above experiments indicate that the mutagenic contaminants found in kraft mill effluent may play an important role in the induction of skin neoplastic disease in fish.
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PMID:A possible correlation between environmental chemicals and pigment cell neoplasia in fish. 236 37


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