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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An 80-year-old white woman developed vulvar melanosis and malignant melanoma of the labia majora and clitoris and underwent a simple vulvectomy. She subsequently developed melanosis of the urinary bladder and presented 3 years later with multifocal malignant melanoma involving the vagina, urethra, and urinary bladder in a background of extensive melanosis with variable degrees of atypia. She underwent radical surgery but died 18 months later with liver metastases and liver failure. Malignant melanoma is uncommon in the vulva and vagina and is rare in the urinary bladder. This case illustrates the previously described association between melanosis and malignant melanoma. The unusual features are the widespread distribution of the melanosis (vagina and bladder) and the subsequent development of multifocal malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Multifocal malignant melanoma arising in vesicovaginal melanosis. 192 94

Isooctyl acrylate (IOA) monomer is a complex mixture comprised predominantly of isomeric, eight-carbon alkyl esters of acrylic acid. Limited evidence from animal studies suggests that certain acrylate esters may be carcinogenic by the dermal route of exposure. The following studies were performed with IOA monomer: acute oral toxicity limit test in rats, primary dermal and ocular irritancy in rabbits, Ames Salmonella microsome assay, Saccharomyces cerevisiae D3 recombinogenicity assay, L5178Y TK +/- mouse lymphoma cell assay, and C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryo cell transformation assay. Finally, a limited dermal carcinogenicity bioassay was performed in which aliquots (25 microliters) of IOA monomer (5% v/v in acetone), IOA polymer (19% w/v in 70:30 acetone/heptane), or acetone (vehicle control) were applied to the shaved backs of male C3H/HeJ mice three times per week for the animals' lifetimes. IOA monomer had an acute oral LD50 in rats greater than 5000 mg/kg, was slightly irritating to the eyes and skin of rabbits on single exposures, and exhibited no genotoxic or cell-transforming potential. In the dermal carcinogenicity bioassay, no significant difference in mean survival times was observed between either treatment group and the control group. Animals treated with IOA monomer exhibited moderate dermatitis, surface crusting, hyperkeratosis, epidermal hyperplasia, diffuse melanosis, and one benign melanoma at the treatment size. Animals treated with IOA polymer exhibited varying degrees of dermatitis, surface crusting, and hyperkeratosis. Neither IOA monomer nor IOA polymer was carcinogenic under the conditions of the study.
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PMID:Acute toxicity, genotoxicity, and dermal carcinogenicity assessment of isooctyl acrylate. 194 20

A 65-year-old Japanese woman with a primary malignant melanoma arising within a mature ovarian cystic teratoma is presented along with details of morphological examinations. The melanoma, found incidentally upon microscopic examination of the mature teratoma, consisted of cells showing radial and vertical growth and was surrounded by epithelium showing melanosis. This report describes the detailed morphological features of the malignant ovarian melanoma, which was of interest because of its small size and lack of peritoneal tumor cell dissemination.
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PMID:Malignant melanoma arising in ovarian cystic teratoma. 195 92

The skin of a patient with diffuse melanosis as a result of malignant melanoma was examined by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. Our findings indicate that the slate-blue discoloration in this patient was due to pigment deposition in dermal macrophages and endothelial cells. Multiple attempts to identify disseminated metastatic melanoma cells were unsuccessful.
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PMID:Diffuse melanosis in metastatic malignant melanoma. 203 42

This essay places the concept of "primary acquired melanosis" of the conjunctiva in historical perspective and shows that it and its analogs, namely, lentigo-melanosis (Hutchinson), melanotic freckle (Hutchinson), melanose circonscrite precancereuse (Dubrueilh), melanotische precancerose (Miescher), lentigo maligna (Clark), precancerous melanosis (Reese), benign, precancerous, and cancerous melanosis (Zimmerman), atypical melanocytic hyperplasia (Silver et al.), and benign acquired melanosis (Zimmerman), are synonyms for melanoma in situ. The issue is not merely semantic or philosophical; it is urgently practical. If a clinician takes literally the meaning of a lesion designated "benign melanosis" and considers it to be benign, rather than the malignant melanoma that it actually is, a patient who bears that flat pigmented lesion may one day die of metastasis from an elevated sequella of it. The same is true of "primary acquired melanosis," which is not simply a condition of blackening by melanin, but a flat melanoma that, if not removed completely, may give rise one day to metastases that cause death. To avoid such misconstructions, we advocate naming melanomas in all organs "melanoma" and those that are confined to epithelial structures "melanoma in situ." Euphemisms like lentigo maligna and primary acquired melanosis are evasions of the diagnosis of melanoma, and use of them may be harmful. For that reason, they should be eschewed.
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PMID:Primary acquired melanosis of the conjunctiva is melanoma in situ. 149 53

Four examples of an endoscopically detected oesophageal melanotic lesion were examined by light microscopy, light microscope histochemistry and transmission electron microscopy, and were compared with 13 control samples of normal oesophageal epithelium. By light microscopy, pigmented melanocytes lacking atypia and mitoses were observed amongst the keratinocytes in the basal layer of the oesophageal mucosa. Junctional activity was absent. The mechanism of pigmentation was studied and found to consist of: an increase in the number of melanocytes in the basal layer of the mucosa, an increase in the quantity of melanin in these melanocytes, transfer of melanin from melanocytes to keratinocytes and to macrophages and fibroblasts in the tunica propria. Since all the lesions demonstrated increased numbers of both melanocytes and melanosomes, the term oesophageal melanocytosis rather than melanosis is suggested, to emphasise the essential character of the lesion as a cellular proliferation. The value of sampling these pigmented lesions during endoscopy is emphasised as a means of obtaining well-preserved material for the evaluation of a lesion which some authorities have viewed as a possible precursor for oesophageal malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Ultrastructure of oesophageal melanocytosis. 205 85

Melanocytic dysplasia refers not only to a variety of histologic changes, but is also a histologic diagnosis. Melanocytic dysplasia represents a diagnosis for those lesions in which the biologic potential cannot be determined. Histologic differences between a diagnosis of melanocytic dysplasia and malignant melanoma are detailed. The terms: borderline malignant melanoma or lesion, precancerous melanosis, active or activated nevus and atypical melanocytic hyperplasia should be abandoned. A differential diagnosis between in situ malignant melanoma and other melanin-containing in situ malignancies has been presented. All types of malignant melanoma which originate within the epidermis or epithelium have an in situ phase and show horizontal growth, and small early forms defy classification. The classification of the most common types of malignant melanoma has been revised. Although the level of invasion and tumor thickness are useful prognostic and therapeutic parameters, their determination is crude and subject to several shortcomings.
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PMID:Cutaneous melanocytic dysplasia and malignant melanoma. A critical review. 207 47

A case of neuro-cutaneous melanoma, in the course of which a bifocal melanoma of the cerebral hemisphere had developed, was used as a natural model for the study of the relation between tumorous and non-tumorous elements. The need is pointed out for the definition of such a cutaneous-meningeal syndrome before the development of a neoplasm. As tumours develop from the cells defining leptomeningeal melanosis, the possibility of a neuroradiological diagnosis of this process is accentuated, primarily by a minute examination of the sites characteristic of the disease. A premorbid detection of all such cases is imperative in order to introduce an early anti-tumour treatment.
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PMID:[Neurocutaneous melanosis and melanoma of the brain]. 209 33

We report an additional case of diffuse melanosis secondary to metastases from malignant melanoma in a patient, who was seen in our department shortly before death. We couldn't localize the origin of the primary neoplasm. After reporting the case, we discuss the pathogenesis of melanosis and possible sites of the primary tumor.
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PMID:[Diffuse melanosis in metastatic malignant melanoma with melanuria]. 210 51

Forty-one cases with melanoma of the oral mucous membrane were studied by clinicopathology and immunohistochemistry. The incidence of the tumor is higher in old males. The mean age of patients is 46.15 years. The ratio of male to female is 2.15: 1. The tumor occurs most commonly in palate (46.34%), followed by gingiva, then lip, buccal and tongue membrane. The oral melanosis had been found in 41.46% of the cases months to years before tumour appeared and 51.22% of cases had concurrent or later-developing melanosis. The epithelium around tumour in 14 cases with pre-existing melanosis was observed. We found that the number of clear cells and s-100 protein positive cells in epithelium increased, and a lot of cells filled with melanin in the lamina propria were found. The result shows that the patients with this preexisting melanosis have higher risk of suffering from malignant melanoma.
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PMID:[The clinicopathological analysis of melanoma of the oral mucous membrane]. 212 5


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