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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In our experience 5% of invasive malignant melanomas of the conjunctiva arising from areas of primary acquired melanosis with atypia spread to the ipsilateral nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Twenty one years after orbital exenteration for multicentric conjunctival melanoma an 82-year-old man was seen with an orbital recurrence, which had extended to the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses through the nasolacrimal duct without invading the mucosa. This previously undescribed way of spread after the longest symptom-free interval following exenteration ever reported is illustrated.
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PMID:Nasal and orbital recurrence of conjunctival melanoma 21 years after exenteration. 162 50

We describe the case of a 20 year old boy with a giant congenital nevus who developed a chronic progressive ascending hemiparesis. The association of the pigmented lesion with a focal neurological deficit is pathognomonic for neurocutaneous melanosis complicated by a leptomeningeal melanoma. MR imaging at 1.5 tesla ruled out such a possibility and showed a small aspecific pontine lesion along the route of the corticospinal tract. We discuss possible etiologies.
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PMID:Giant congenital nevus and chronic progressive ascending hemiparesis (Mills syndrome). Report of a case. 162 84

We report on two women with pigmented lesions of the vulva. The histopathology (filiform downgrowth of pigmented epithelial strands two to four cells wide, extending from the interfollicular epidermis and from follicular infundibula; no increased numbers of melanocytes; horn pseudocysts) was specific for Dowling-Degos disease. One patient also had acne inversa, and the other patient had been treated surgically for a pilonidal sinus some years before. The spectrum of conditions that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of genital pigmented lesions is discussed. Vulvar melanosis, genital lentigo, malignant melanoma, acanthosis nigricans maligna and benigna and syndromes occurring concomitantly with pigmentation of the mucosa need to be excluded. The association of Dowling-Degos disease with acne inversa, which was recently described for the first time, is discussed.
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PMID:[Dowling-Degos disease with exclusively genital manifestations]. 162 71

A review of the hereditary aspects of the malignant melanomas showed causal heterogeneity and similar pathogenesis based on the dysregulation of the paracrine/autocrine growth mechanisms. The genetically different malignant melanomas have a range of recurrence risks from 1% for the nonfamilial, solitary, malignant melanoma to a risk exceeding 70% for the syndromic melanomas of neurocutaneous melanosis and the nine types of xeroderma pigmentosum. A recurrence risk of 6% is relevant to the members of dysplastic nevus syndrome families without malignant melanomas and the risk increases in excess of 50% for the individuals of families with dysplastic nevi and more than one malignant melanoma.
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PMID:The genetics of malignant melanomas. 164 97

Pigmented lesions of the oral cavity are important entities. The wide range of their clinical differential diagnosis includes such diverse systemic conditions as Addison's disease, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, malignant melanoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, as well as specific oral lesions, such as amalgam tattoo or gingival melanosis. This paper reports a very rare cause of oral pigmentation, a melanic type, related to the use of Premarin.
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PMID:Oral pigmentation induced by Premarin. 165 Dec 15

Heavily-pigmented melanocytic neoplasms are difficult to evaluate on routine hematoxylin and eosin stained slides because pigmented melanocytes are difficult to distinguish from the numerous melanophages that are usually seen in the background of these lesions. Immunoperoxidase staining for S100 protein or HMB-45 antibody using diaminobenzidine (DAB) as chromogen, which forms a brown product, does not adequately distinguish melanocytes from melanophages. We modified this technique by replacing hematoxylin as the counterstain with azure B, which stains melanin green-blue. Thus, positive melanocytes appear brown while melanin granules in their cytoplasm are green-blue. However, negative melanophages only stain green-blue. This technique is useful in evaluating heavily pigmented melanocytic lesions such as malignant melanomas, melanosis of regressing malignant melanoma, residual malignant melanoma in areas of granulation tissue with melanophages, blue nevi, pigmented spindle cell variant of Spitz's nevi and combined nevi.
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PMID:Immunoperoxidase technique modified by counterstain with azure B as a diagnostic aid in evaluating heavily pigmented melanocytic neoplasms. 172 81

Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare autosomal recessive dermatosis. The neoplastic changes in sunlight-exposed areas of the skin and eyes may be related to the impaired replication of ultraviolet radiation-damaged DNA. A 38-year-old Greek woman is reported with a mild form of xeroderma pigmentosum and primary acquired melanosis with atypia of her right limbal conjunctiva and cornea. The development of this precursor of conjunctival malignant melanoma in a xeroderma pigmentosum patient may support the putative role of sunlight exposure in malignant transformation of conjunctival melanocytes.
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PMID:Premalignant melanosis of the conjunctiva and the cornea in xeroderma pigmentosum. 173 8

Pigmented lesions in brown, blue-black, or variations of these colors are relatively rare in the oral cavity but very common in the skin and can range from absolutely benign to highly malignant. The differential diagnosis of brown and blue-black lesions of the oral cavity includes normal racial pigmentation, melanosis, nevi, melanoma, amalgam tattoos, and disorders related to the blood or blood vessels.
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PMID:Melanin pigmentation disorders of the skin and oral mucosa. 186 Jan 10

Neurocutaneous melanosis is a rare congenital syndrome characterized by the presence of large or multiple congenital melanocytic nevi and benign or malignant pigment cell tumors of the leptomeninges. The syndrome is thought to represent an error in the morphogenesis of the embryonal neuroectoderm. We review 39 reported cases of neurocutaneous melanosis and propose revised criteria for diagnosis. Most patients with neurocutaneous melanosis presented in the first 2 years of life with neurologic manifestations of increased intracranial pressure, mass lesions, or spinal cord compression. Leptomeningeal melanoma was present in 62% of the cases, but even in the absence of melanoma, symptomatic neurocutaneous melanosis had an extremely poor prognosis. Useful diagnostic procedures include cerebrospinal fluid cytology and magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium contrast. Patients may be aided by palliative measures such as shunt placement to reduce intracranial pressure. Dermatologists in their follow-up of patients with large or multiple congenital melanocytic nevi should be aware of this condition, to aid in prompt diagnosis and because the treatment of cutaneous lesions may be altered in the presence of symptomatic neurocutaneous melanosis.
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PMID:Neurocutaneous melanosis: definition and review of the literature. 186 48

Smoker's melanosis is a benign pigmentation of the oral mucosa, predominantly observed on the attached anterior mandibular gingiva and interdental papillae. These macular lesions are independent of genetic factors, therapeutic medication usage, and various systemic disorders. As a group they are often seen after the third decade of life. Due to the onset in adulthood and the progressive darkening, malignant melanoma must be ruled out. A review of the literature and a case report of this interesting and unique entity is presented.
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PMID:Smoker's melanosis. A case report. 192 20


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