Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic assays have been used to examine antigens on human melanoma cells obtained either directly from patients or from long-term melanoma cell lines. A panel of melanoma antisera was selected from human subjects which could be shown not to have significant reactivity to histocompatibility antigens. With these antisera extensive cross-reactions between melanoma cells were found. However, the cross-reactivity was incomplete and the pattern of reactivity was different for each antiserum tested. These results were not consistent with a common melanoma antigen on human melanoma cells but rather indicated heterogeneity of melanoma antigens and multiple antibody specificities in the sera tested. This appeared to be confirmed by extensive cross-absorption studies which indicated limited cross-reactivity of antigens on melanoma cells from either long-term or short-term cultures. Several changes in the antigenic profile of melanoma cells in vitro from both long-term and short-term cultures were documented which resulted from contamination of the melanoma cell lines with non-melanoma cells and fibroblasts. Melanoma antisera may therefore be useful to mintor changes in long-term cultures which would otherwise give spurious results in in vitro tests. These results appear to have considerable significance for understanding tumour/host relationships and for the establishment of rational immunotherapeutic procedures and diagnostic tests in melanoma.
 ...
PMID:Antigens on melanoma cells detected by leukocyte dependent antibody assays of human melanoma antisera. 6 19

The paper reports on 11 patients with very advanced melanoma, who were treated with a modified version of multiple-stage cancer therapy. No improvement in the course of the illness resulted, but survival may have been slightly prolonged.
 ...
PMID:[Multiple-stage treatment of malignant melanoma (author's transl)]. 6 97

The cytologic and histochemical characteristics of seven established human melanoma cell lines were studied using monolayer culture and cytocentrifuge perparations. The morphology of the cells is different in the two preparations. There is a strong resemblance between the Cytocentrifuge preparations and the histological tissue sections and cytologic smears that are used in routine diagnostic work.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of human malignant melanoma cell lines. IV. Cytologic and histochemical characteristics. 6 91

The authors modified and refined the Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition Assay (LAI) first described by Halliday, et al. in 1972 by standardizing the protein concentration of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) and by utilizing paired normal tissue extracts as controls to eliminate interference of HL-A histocompatibility antigens and organ-associated antigens. When dose response studies were performed, a progressively larger percentage of patients reacted to the LAI test with increasing concentration of tumor extracts, but the optimal concentration was found to be 200 mug/ml, where 42 out of 66 (63%) leukocytes from 54 breast cancer patients reacted to the breast cancer extracts. At this dose range, only three out of 39 (7%) normal donors and four out of 30 (13%) patients with other types of cancer were positive. When breast cancer patients were tested against TAA of colon cancer and malignant melanoma, one of 24 (4%) and two of 24 (8%), respectively, were positive. Although a higher response rate (72%) was noted in Stage II disease, this was not statistically different from Stage I and Stage III disease. Likewise, no difference was noted in LAI at varying phases following the mastectomy.
 ...
PMID:Leukocyte adherence inhibition by soluble tumor antigens in breast cancer patients. 6 7

Seventeen patients with disseminated malignant melanoma were treated with DTIC (150 mg/m2, Days 1-5) and cyclocytidine (increasing doses sc, Days 1-10) in a phase I-II study. There was one early death. The remaining 16 patients were evaluable for response and toxicity. Two patients (13%) had CR lasting 8+ and 2+ months, while one patient (6%) had a PR lasting 1 month. Nausea and vomiting was seen in seven patients (44%), jaw pain in four (25%), and orthostatic hypotension in two (13%). Hematologic toxicity was not excessive, nor was it cumulative. The overall response rate of 19% was comparable to that reported with DTIC alone. This drug combination does not appear to offer any therapeutic advantage within the dosage range tested in disseminated malignant melanoma.
 ...
PMID:Phase 1-11 study of DTIC and cyclocytidine in disseminated malignant melanoma. 6 23

Examination of the case-records of women presenting to the Melanoma Unit at Sydney Hospital over the period 1961-71 has shown that women with pregnancies before the development of melanoma had a better survival-rate from melanoma than women without previous pregnancies. The known presence of fetal antigens on melanoma cells and immunisation against fetal antigens during pregnancy suggest an immunological explanation for these results. Exposure to fetal antigens during pregnancy may protect against the dissemination of melanoma cells bearing similar fetal antigens and thus increase the survival-rate. The incidence of melanoma in males and females was approximately equal, which suggests that immune responses to tumour-associated antigens may be more effective in preventing spread of tumours than in preventing their occurrence.
 ...
PMID:Previous pregnancy as a protective factor against death from melanoma. 6 63

We outline the techniques used to successfully grow squamous cell carcinoma in tissue culture, and to test the cellular immunity of the patient by lymphocyte cytotoxicity studies. Lymphocytes cultured with malignant squamous cells killed from 40 to 60 percent of the tumor cells during 48 hours of incubation. These same lymphocytes did not show any killing potential against cultured melanoma cells or against cultured fibroblasts. This demonstrates an immune response that is tumor-antigen specific. There was no evidence of any serum-blocking factor, because the killing potential of these lymphocytes was not significantly altered by the addition of the patients' sera. The implications and potential for early diagnosis made possible by these techniques are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Identification of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck by tissue culture and immunological testing. 6 76

High-performance steric exclusion chromatography on a 1250-A pore size polyethylene glycol-treated glass bead column was used to purify avian myeloblastosis virus and hamster melanoma virus from plasma protein and tissue culture media. The purified hamster melanoma virus was still infectious and the avian myeloblastosis virus-associated RNA-directed DNA polymerase showed a 1100-fold purification of the virus from one column treatment. Electron microscopy of the purified virus showed intact particles, with surface projections evident. The time required for column purification of the virus was 5 min.
 ...
PMID:Rapid purification of an RNA tumor virus and proteins by high-performance steric exclusion chromatography on porous glass bead columns. 6 20

By means of the complement-dependent microcytotoxicity test, cytotoxic antibodies to melanoma cells in long-term culture were detected in 34 of 90 sera from melanoma patients. The incidence of cytotoxic antibodies in melanoma patients was significantly greater than in subjects free of malignant disease but not significantly greater than in patients with other types of cancer. The sera were cytolytic to melanoma cells only in conjunction with rabbit complement, and they reacted with the pabel of melanoma cells in a distinct fashion. No association was found between presence of cytotoxic antibodies and the occurrence of metastasis.
 ...
PMID:Cytotoxic antibodies to cultured melanoma cells in the sera of melanoma patients. 6 8

There are many quantitative changes of serum protein and immunoglobulin fractions in patients with cancer of various sites, excluding those with leukemic and lymphoproliferative disorders. The commonest change in serum proteins of patients with neoplastic disease is a reduction in albumin concentration and elevation of alpha globulins, especially alpha-2 fraction. Immunoglobulins (IgG, A,M) are a heterogenous group of proteins contained in the gamma, beta, and alpha-2 electrophoretic fractions of serum proteins. The IgG was found to be significantly increased in patients with cancer of the skin and lung, but decreased in patients with cancer of the prostate and breast. Serum IgM was reported to be elevated in patients with sarcoma, melanoma, brain tumors, but decreased in patients with carcinoma of the ovary. Serum IgA was found to be elevated in patients with cancer of epithelial secretory organs, such as skin, breast, head and neck, lung, gut, prostate, and uterine cervix. Whether these findings reflect specific changes of the humoral arm of tumor-host interaction remains to be investigated.
 ...
PMID:Quantitative change of serum protein and immunoglobulin in patients with solid cancers. 6 75


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>