Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In vitro cell mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) assays have been conducted in a human melanoma system with a 3H-proline retention technique. Melanoma target cells from long-term cultures ("cell lines") are found to exhibit increased susceptibility for lymphocyte cytotoxicity in comparison to the same target cells from short-term culture. The higher sensitivity of the "cell line" derived target cells is seen with lymphocytes, irrespective of diagnosis of the donor. In parallel experiments with the target cells grown in medium supplemented with fetal calf serum (FCS) and AB+ human serum (from a normal male doner), the melanoma target cells grown with FCS do not show any enhanced cytotoxicity, suggesting no causal relationship of such enhanced sensitivity of "cell line"-derived target cells to "heterologous melanoma antigens" that might have been acquired by the target cells following the use of FCS in tissue culture. In controlled assays of in vitro CMC, lymphocytes from melanoma patients (14/44) exhibited selective cytotoxicity (destruction of only one target-cell type) against the melanoma target cells, whereas only 3/97 control lymphocytes (other malignancies and normal donors) showed such melanoma-selective cytotoxicity. This difference is statistically significant at p less than 0.001. Non-selective cytotoxicity (destruction of two or more unrelated target cell types) was seen with lymphocytes from 9/44 melanoma patients, 13/51 patients with other malignancies and 8/46 normal donors. No correlation of selective cytotoxicity could be established with donors' age, sex, stage of disease, therapy or history of blood transfusion. Such a correlation may emerge as our series becomes larger. Despite the lack of any correlation between selective cytotoxicity and disease status, our study reaffirms the existence of selective cytotoxicity by melanoma patients' lymphocytes against melanoma target cells.
 ...
PMID:Selective and non-selective lymphocytotoxicity in human melanoma: observation on the effect of long-term culture and fetal bovine serum on target-cell sensitivity to lymphocytes. 5 12

Drusen were found in the iris between the layers of the pigment epithelium and the dilator muscle in an eye of a 52 year old patient that contained a large malignant choroidal melanoma. The significance of this unusual observation in comparison to the common drusen of Bruch's membrane of the choroid is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Drusen of the iris: in advanced malignant choroidal melanoma. 5 6

Using the tritiated-proline microcytotoxicity assay with cultured target cells, we tested a large series of melanoma, breast cancer, and bladder cancer patients for the presence of cell-mediated immunity. Specific, disease-related activity was infrequently observed, since the patients' lymphocytes exhibited selective activity against both disease-related and non-disease-related target cells. Most normal controls also demonstrated selective activity against these target cells. Neither the length of time the target cells had been cultured in vitro nor technical aspects of the assay, including the lymphocyte preparation methods, seemed to account for our results. We concluded that the experimental design of these tests may be the critical factor responsible for many of the disparate results being observed in different laboratories.
 ...
PMID:Cellular microcytotoxicity in human tumor systems: analysis of results. 5 36

Four cases of primary malignant melanoma of the vagina are described and discussed with respect to vaginal smears. Two cases treated with radiotherapy began to increase the amount of the melanin pigment during the course of irradiation. Characteristic cytologic features found in the four cases are summarized as follows: a) Distribution of cell 1) Scattering, no tendency of grouping 2) Moderate anisocytosis and anisokaryosis b) Cytoplasm 1) Cyanophilic wispy cytoplasm 2) Indistinct cytoplasmic rim 3) Relatively clear cytoplasm 4) Relatively low N/C ratio c) Melanin pigment 1) In melanoma cells-finely granular and diffusely packed in cytoplasm 2) In histiocytes-coarsely granular and densely packed in cytoplasm d) Nucleus 1) Extremely eccentric nucleus 2) Thin and irregular nuclear membrane 3) Relatively regular chromatin distribution 4) Finely or moderately granular chromatin pattern 5) Prominent nucleolus 6) Giant malignant cells (3-4 nuclei) 7) Intranuclear vacuole (punched out).
 ...
PMID:Cytologic studies of malignant melanoma of the vagina. 5 32

A murine experimental model of nonspecific tumor destruction mediated by cells activated by Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is described. B16 melanoma growth is prevented or suppressed in the syngeneic host when tumor cells are inoculated in contact with viable LM. In vitro, cultured B16 cells are destroyed by LM immune peritoneal or splenic cells in the presence of the bacterial antigen(s). Activation of LM immune cells in vitro is immunologically specific. Replacement of LM by sheep red blood cells or bovine serum albumin in the in vitro cultures aborts the cytotoxic effect. Further, no tumor cell killing is obtained when thioglycollate-induced or normal peritoneal cells are substituted for LM immune cells in the in vitro cultures. Normal spleen cells in the presence of LM are weakly cytotoxic for B16 cells. Normal peritoneal cells plus LM or LM alone are not. Elimination of thymus derived "T" cells by anti-theta C3H or rabbit anti-mouse brain serum (RAMB) abrogated the cytotoxic effect. Therefore, LM-induced tumor destruction probably occurs through nonspecific mechanism(s) consequent to activation of host "T" cells by specific immune reactivity to LM antigen(s).
 ...
PMID:Resistance to tumor growth mediated by Listeria monocytogenes. Destruction of experimental malignant melanoma by LM-activated peritoneal and lymphoid cells. 5 96

Human tumor and febroblast tissue culture cells were compared to determine the suitability of fibroblasts as control cells in experiments on human tumor serology and cellular immunology. Fibroblasts expressed the same HL-A antigen profile as did melanoma cells. Furthermore, the quantitative expression of the determinants was similar on both cell types. In four of five pairs tested, the fibroblasts displayed similar sensitivity to effector cells generated by mixed lymphocyte culture as did the tumor cells from the same donor, but there were some differences in the effects of specific alloimmune effector cells at high and low effector-to-target ratios on the two types of target cells. Results indicated that fibroblasts are legitimate control target cells for studies in human tumor immunology, if screening assays are done to verify their antigenicity and sensitivity to cell-mediated cytolysis.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of histocompatibility antigens on cultured human tumor cells and fibroblasts by quantitative antibody absorption and sensitivity to cell-mediated cytotoxicity. 5 44

Antiserum was generated in rabbits to the RPMI 8226 tissue culture line of human myeloma cells, and its reactions with fixed smears of bone marrow aspirates from patients with multiple myeloma, macroglobulinemia, benign monoclonal gammopathy (BMG), leukemia, and nonneoplastic plasmacyosis was assessed by indirect immunofluorescence. After absorption with preparations of bone marrow from normal individuals, the antiserum reacted to a significantly higher titer with a specific subpopulation of plasma cells in smears from 81% of patients having multiple myeloma and 50% of patients having BMG than with cells in smears of bone marrow aspirates from normal individuals or patients having leukemia or nonneoplastic plasmacytosis, or than with cells in smears of peripheral blood from patients having Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Absorption of the antiserum with RPMI 8226 cells or with a bone marrow preparation from a patient with multiple myeloma but not the Jijoye line of Burkitt's lymphoma reduced reactivity for cells in myeloma bone marrow. The antiserum reacted at a lower titer with the Jijoye and EB-3 lines of Burkitt's lymphoma, the RPMI 4098 cell line of normal human lymphocytes, and culture lines of human melanoma and osteogenic sarcoma than with the RPMI 8226 cells or bone marrow from certain patients having multiple myeloma. Approximately 50% of the cells reactive with antiserum to RPMI 8226 cells in the bone marrow of patients with multiple myeloma were not producing immunoglobulin, as assessed by double immunofluorescence assay. The data suggested that a subpopulation of plasma cells in the bone marrow of patients with multiple myeloma possesses a tumor-associated antigen.
 ...
PMID:Tumor-associated antigens in human myeloma. 5 51

Patients with disseminated melanoma were treated by repeated plasmapheresis using a continuous-flow blood-cell separator, as part of a study to investigate methods of removing factors from tissue fluids which block cell-mediated immunity. Using 51Cr release cytotoxic assays, it was found that plasmapheresis resulted in removal of serum blocking activity. Post-plasmapheresis sera taken from several patients also increased cell-mediated cytotoxicity by induction of antibody-dependent cell-mediated killing. This effect may have resulted from removal or alteration of circulating immune complexes in the serum. It is not known whether cytotoxic activity induced in this way improves the patient's immune response against their tumours. However, the procedure is well tolerated and these preliminary in-vitro results indicate that this form of therapy could act as an adjunct to other forms of treatment of advanced melanoma.
 ...
PMID:Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against melanoma cells induced by plasmapheresis. 5 47

With the aid of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry a metabolite of dopa, 3-methoxytyrosine, has been demonstrated in the urine of 2 patients with melanoma metastases, the amounts excreted being 4.0 mg and 8.5 mg/24 hours, respectively. 3-Methoxytyrosine could not with certainty be identified in the urines of two normal subjects.
 ...
PMID:Demonstration of 3-methoxytyrosine in the urine of melanoma patients. 5 53

Complement-dependent cytotoxic antibodies to common cell surface antigens of cultured melanoma cells were produced in guinea pigs. At appropriate dilution, melanoma antisera were cytotoxic only to melanoma target cells. Following absorption with pooled lymphoid cells, additional absorption with melanoma cells but not absorption with fibroblasts or carcinoma cells was found to remove all cytotoxic activity from melanoma antisera. Absorption with human fetal skin cells but not with autologous fetal visceral cells was found to remove cytotoxicity from melanoma antisera. Tissue type-specific antigens may be shared by human malignant melanomas and fetal skin of black racial origin (at 16 to 18 weeks of gestation). The methods may be useful in the production of xenogeneic antisera with "operational monospecificity" for common melanoma-specific antigens. Sera from 47 patients with malignant melanoma failed to evidence specific cytotoxicity for melanoma target cells.
 ...
PMID:Production of antisera with specificity for malignant melanoma and human fetal skin. 5 91


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>