Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Glutathionedopa injected intravenously into mice is metabolized and excreted in the urine as a compound with the fluorescence characteristics of cysteinyldopa. Glutathionedopa incubated with a guinea-pig kidney homogenate is metabolized to a compound with the fluorescence characteristics of cysteinyldopa. Boiling of the kidney homogenate prevents the metabolism of glutathionedopa. Incubation of glutathionedopa with a homogenate of a melanoma metastasis led to the formation of a compound with the fluorescence characteristics of cysteinyldopa. Boiling of the melanoma homogenate prevented the metabolism of glutathionedopa. Large amounts of glutathione added to the incubate inhibited the reaction. Lung tissue and blood plasma had no detectable ability to metabolize glutathionedopa. The results show that human melanoma contains one or several enzymes capable of metabolizing glutathionedopa to a smaller dopathioether, probably cysteinyldopa. Such enzymes seem to be normally present in mice and guinea-pigs and have been demonstrated in the guinea-pig kidney.
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PMID:Formation of cysteinyldopa from glutathionedopa in melanoma. 4 65

5-S-cysteinyldopa has been demonstrated in the plasma of two patients with metastases of malignant melanoma and a high excretion rate of 5-S-cysteinyldopa in the urine. In one patient the plasma clearance of 5-S-cysteinyl dopa was 30 ml/min and in the other 69 ml/min. These clearance values were 43 and 45%, respectively, of the creatinine clearance in the two patients.
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PMID:5-S-cysteinyldopa in the plasma of melanoma patients and the renal clearance of this amino acid. 4 73

In an evaluation of indium-111-bleomycin as a tumor-imaging agent, 357 whole-body tumor scans were performed in 293 patients. Of 246 studies performed in patients with a variety of active solid tumors, 218 (89%) were true-positive studies and 28 (11%) were false-negative. Of 69 scans in patients thought to be free of tumor after therapy, 32 (46%) were false-positive studies and 37 (54%) were true-negative. The true-positive rates by major tumor type were: adenocarcinoma of gastrointestinal tract origin (95%), lymphoma (88%), melanoma (87%), sarcomas (82%), lung (77%), breast (77%), childhood tumors (71%), gynecologic tumors (70%), and genitourinary tumors (68%). Soft tissue and lymphatic sites of tumor, both above and below the diaphragm, were easily visualized, whereas hepatic and bone marrow sites of involvement were less easily discerned. False-positive uptake with 111In-bleomycin was noted in lungs (6%), gut (3%), mediastinum (2%), normal breast tissue (0.8%), and in occasional inflammatory lesions. In 19 patients with multiple myeloma or leukemia, a pattern of diminished bone marrow uptake associated with abnormal accumulation of 111In-bleomycin in extramedullary sites of involvement was the rule. In another 23 patients in whom scans were performed because an occult tumor was suspected, scanning did not lead to specific diagnosis of tumor in a single instance. We conclude that 111In-bleomycin is a safe, effective, and useful new tumor-imaging agent in the initial staging and followup of patients with a variety of solid tumors. Significant advantages of this agent over other currently available radiopharmaceuticals include: A) a broader spectrum of tumors taking up the radio-pharmaceutical, and B) generally better delineation of abdominal and pelvic disease due to lack of interference from gut uptake.
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PMID:A clinical evaluation of indium-111 bleomycin as a tumor-imaging agent. 4 76

Although in some cases orange or yellow-orange pigment overlying a malignant choroidal melanoma may represent lipofuscin, a case is presented which showed extensive yellow-orange coloration overlying a malignant choroidal melanoma without any demonstrable lipofuscin on histopathologic and electron microscopic analysis. Our findings suggest that other mechanisms, such as serous fluid or lipid deposition within retinal cystoid spaces or diffuse drusen, can clinically stimulate the yellow-orange pigment associated with lipofuscin.
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PMID:Retinal and pigment epithelial alterations over choroidal malignant melanomas. 5 39

Specimens from various types of Paget disease, other tumors, and certain normal tissues were examined with a battery of histochemical techniques, including the sodium borohydride-potassium hydroxide-PAS method that specifically stains certain sialomucins that are found in terminal parts of the ileum and of the colon. These sialomucins were present in normal anal ducts but were not present in transitional or anal-covering epithelium. A case of perianal Paget disease showed strongly positive staining, both in the underlying mucinous adenocarcinoma and in Paget cells of the affected anal and perianal skin. In contrast, stains of other forms of Paget disease were totally negative with this technique, as well as malignant melanoma and Bowen disease. These results support the theory that Paget disease represents epidermal invasion by malignant cells from underlying tumor.
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PMID:Perianal Paget disease. Histochemical differentiation utilizing the borohydride-KOH-PAS reaction. 5 63

The antineoplastic activity of 5 substances was tested in vivo and in vitro on four different tumours (plasmocytoma and melanoma Fortner III of the Syrian golden hamster, the Walker carcinosarkoma 256 and an adenocarcinoma of the rat). The substances involved were 2,3,5-triethyleniminobenzoquinone-(1,4) (triaziquone), actinomycin D, podophyllinic ethylhydrazide (mitopodozide), bleomycin and adriamycin hydrochloride. The effect of the substances in vivo was measured on the size of the tumour, and in vitro on the incorporation of 3-H-thymidine and 3-H-uridine in short-term incubations of tumour-cell suspensions. No correlation was observed between the 3-H-thymidine incorporation in vitro and the response of the tumours in vivo. On the other hand, the 3-H-uridine incorporation in the tumour-cell suspensions in vitro was in good agreement with the results of therapy in the animal experiments. This is compatible with the results of earlier experiments using other substances to investigate the possible correlation between tumour therapy and in vitro tests.
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PMID:[Correlation of in vitro testing and therapeutical results in animal transplanted tumors after cytostatic treatment]. 5 72

Xeno-antisera, prepared by immunization with soluble membrane material obtained from melanoma tumours and partially purified by column chromatography, were found to detect an antigenic specificity common to some tumour extracts and sera of melanoma patients. The presence of this antigen in patients' sera allows speculation for its possible use for early diagnosis of metastases and its role in the blocking of the immunological defences of the melanoma patients. Preparation of monospecific antisera by immunization with insoluble serum-antigen/antibody complexes has been successfully undertaken.
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PMID:Identification of an antigen associated with malignant melanoma. 5 Feb 97

Quantitative differences in the tyrosinase activity are found at the three types of malignant melanoma of Clark and Mihm by the combined 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine-premelanin-reaction. Only a very small activity is present in the junction nevus. In the superficial spreading melanoma the tyrosinase activity is clear, but limited. The lentigo maligna melanoma shows an increased pigmentation. The topmost activity after incubation however is present in the nodular melanoma.
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PMID:Tyrosinase activity in three types of the malignant melanoma: superficial spreading melanoma, lentigo maligna melanoma and nodular melanoma. 5 Jul 62

One hundred eighty-nine patients received a four-drug combination consisting of cyclophosphamide, Oncovin (vincristine), methyl CCNU, and bleomycin (COMB), according to three different drug regimens, performed sequentially. Of the 189, 62 had a partial response (33%) including 11/33 with squamous lung cancer, 11/32 with squamous carcinoma of the head and neck, 13/15 with oat cell carcinoma of the lung, and 7/41 with malignant melanoma. The response rate for patients with squamous lung or head and neck cancer appeared to be higher at weekly bleomycin doses of 30 and 60 mg (15/33 = 45%), compared to a weekly bleomycin dose of 15 mg (7/32 = 25%). A median survival from treatment of 30 weeks was observed in oat cell carcinoma, which represents considerable prolongation over that expected from supportive care alone or single-agent chemotherapy. Toxicity included: 1) myelosuppression, resulting in hospitalization for antibiotics in 20% of patients; 2) probable bleomycin lung damage in 4% of patients; and 3) dose-limiting vincristine neuropathy in 11%. The combination of twice-weekly vincristine and bleomycin for more than 6 weeks produced a disturbing "debilitation syndrome," characterized by weakness, anorexia, weight loss, and apathy. The encouraging response rate suggests a future role for these drugs in combination, especially for vincristine and bleomycin, with other agents showing activity in squamous and oat cell carcinoma. Toxicity precludes recommendation of this combination, in the regimens tested, for broader Phase III studies.
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PMID:COMB (cyclophosphamide, oncovin, methyl-CCNU, and bleomycin): a four-drug combination in solid tumors. 5 Aug 70

The results of treatment of two groups of patients with primary melanoma are compared. 25 patients in group 1 were treated by wide local excision of the primary melanoma, and 23 in group 2 were treated by vaccination with live vaccinia virus 14 days before wide local excision. Vaccination exerts a favourable effect on the course of melanoma both in terms of survival and prolongation of the interval between treatment of the primary lesion and subsequent development of metastases.
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PMID:Treatment of primary melanoma by intralesional vaccinia before excision. 5 9


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