Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recent phase II trials of cisplatin indicated a significant single agent activity on gastric cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma and, therefore, clinical usefulness in combination with other agents has been under investigation. Single agent efficacy on colorectal cancer and malignant melanoma is limited but investigation of combination regimens containing cisplatin is in progress to obtain additive or synergistic effect. Past results suggest some activity on pancreatic cancer and hepatoma. However, more data need to judge the effectiveness on both tumors.
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PMID:[Trials on expanding the clinical application of cisplatin]. 355 45

Neuroblastoma (NB) arises from primitive sympathetic neuroblasts in the adrenal gland or the sympathetic ganglion. NB in situ, sometimes observed in the adrenal glands of autopsied infants, is considered to be a premalignant lesion that may develop into NB. Little is understood about the morphological and biochemical changes that accompany this malignant progression. In this study, a unique monoclonal antibody, KP-NAC8, raised against a human NB cell line is described. This binds to NB cells but not to fetal neuroblasts. The antibody recognizes a Mr 200,000 surface protein on NB cells. KP-NAC8 binds to 15 of 17 human NB cell lines and all 26 fresh NB samples either from tumor tissues or from marrow aspirates involved with tumor. The antibody was found to cross-react with some other tumor cell lines, namely, Ewing's sarcoma (1 of 2), melanoma (1 of 4), lung cancer (3 of 3), and leukemia (2 of 14) cell lines. However, KP-NAC8 did not bind to any rhabdomyosarcoma (0 of 4), Wilms' tumor (0 of 4), retinoblastoma (0 of 2), glioma (0 of 4), and gastric cancer (0 of 2) cell lines examined. Among fetal tissues, KP-NAC8 did not react with normal neuroblasts in the adrenal glands of 5 fetuses. In a further study, the membrane phenotype of fetal adrenal neuroblasts was analyzed by a panel of 12 monoclonal antibodies including KP-NAC8. A comparison of the binding of the same panel of antibodies to fresh NB revealed that antibodies UJ13A, UJ127:11, PI153/3, anti-Thy-1, A2B5, BA-1, BA-2, HSAN1.2, and Leu-7 bound to both fetal adrenal neuroblasts and NB cells. Monoclonal antibodies OKIa-1 and J5 did not bind to either tissues. The only antibody that could distinguish fetal adrenal neuroblasts from NB cells was KP-NAC8. KP-NAC8 may, therefore, define a differentiation-related antigen that may prove helpful in understanding the biological nature of NB and NB in situ.
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PMID:Cell surface membrane antigen present on neuroblastoma cells but not fetal neuroblasts recognized by a monoclonal antibody (KP-NAC8). 356 10

A family with four cases of melanoma, seven cases of basal cell carcinoma, and two cases of gastric adenocarcinoma, is described. The proband, who had three different primary tumors, died of gastric cancer, as did his father. Four of the proband's six siblings were affected with melanoma or basal cell cancer, as were two of his three children. Both daughters of one melanoma patient developed basal cell cancers. No spouses were affected, the cases were widely separated in time and place, and no unusual exposures were reported. HLA analysis of affected and unaffected first-degree relatives showed no association with antigens previously described in familial melanoma or segregation with a specific HLA haplotype. Although there was no association with HLA phenotype, these results suggest that melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma can be inherited in an autosomally dominant pattern similar to other familial tumor syndromes.
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PMID:Familial aggregation of melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma. 369 21

In an effort to establish a survival curve model which could help to evaluate adjuvant therapy, two equations were presented to approximate the various clinical curves. These curves usually show three different segments, describing high-risk, intermediate-risk and low-risk groups. The percentage of patients and the annual mortality in each risk group can be calculated from the coefficients of the equation. The present study analysed the survival curves of variously treated uterine cancer and stomach cancer after resection on the one hand, and of adjuvant therapy of breast cancer, malignant melanoma and acute lymphoid leukaemia on the other hand. This method of analysis should be useful for understanding and comparison of curves of phase III trials.
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PMID:Comparison of clinical protocols through the mathematical results analysis of survival curves. 373 55

Two mathematical models were presented to approximate the various survival curves for malignant diseases. The models individualized several segments in the survival curve. Also, the hazard function of the curve and the confidence intervals of the curve could be calculated. First, we studied the survival-after-relapse curve for adjuvant therapy of malignant melanoma. The curve for chemoimmunotherapy had three segments and the curve for immunotherapy, two segments. The immunotherapy showed its effect in the early period of treatment. Second, the disease-free survival curves for adjuvant therapies of breast cancer were compared; Oncofrance trial: a combination of AVCF was superior to a combination of CMF in all the periods of the therapy; Lacour's trial: Poly A-Poly U was more effective than the control in the middle and late period; Bonadonna's trial: CMF was superior to the control in the early period. Third, the survival curves for adjuvant therapy of stomach cancer; immunotherapy versus non-immunotherapy were analysed. Comparison of the confidence intervals of each curve clarified that no significant difference could be found between them. Thus, these analyses showed the effectiveness of the compared adjuvant treatments.
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PMID:New survival curve model for comparison of adjuvant therapy of malignant diseases. 379 Jul 8

Variations in cancer incidence among whites in 1973-77 in 8 geographic areas of the Pacific Basin were compared. Substantial differences were found for the occurrences of lung cancer, cancer of the corpus uteri, and malignant melanoma. White women living in New Zealand and Australia had the lowest risk of developing lung cancer, whereas white men living in the western United States had the highest risk. Cancer of the corpus uteri occurred more commonly in the western United States than elsewhere in the Pacific Basin. Geographic areas located closest to the equator experienced the highest incidence of malignant melanoma. In all areas, the incidence rates of cancers of the lung and corpus uteri and malignant melanoma increased significantly between 1960-66 and 1973-77; after the mid-1970s, rates of cancer of the corpus uteri declined. The incidence of stomach cancer decreased in all areas. Although cervical cancer decreased in incidence over time for most women, it increased noticeably in young women. The incidence of breast cancer also rose during the 17-year period. In at least 1 geographic area, the observed increases in breast cancer incidence were confined to women under age 40.
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PMID:Cancer incidence in Caucasians living in the Pacific Basin. 383 48

Eleven patients with spinal cord compression due to metastatic epidural tumors were analyzed. Primary tumors were Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma (two patients each), cervical cancer, malignant melanoma, gastric cancer, lung cancer, and neuroblastoma (one patient each). It was felt that myelography is the most important diagnostic test, although CT scan and bone scan may give further diagnostic information in some patients. Six patients were treated with decompressive laminectomy and postoperative radiotherapy, and five with radiotherapy alone. Regardless of the pretreatment neurological status and the type of treatment given, the functional prognosis in our small series of patients appeared to be favorable for radiosensitive tumors such as malignant lymphoma and multiple myeloma.
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PMID:[Clinical study of spinal cord compression due to metastatic epidural tumors]. 395 Nov 27

A cohort of 1,214 pest control workers employed during 1945-1980 for at least 5 yr was investigated with regard to cancer mortality. Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) was significantly elevated for all malignant neoplasms (SMR = 133; 65 observed vs. 48.5 expected). Significantly elevated SMRs were also found for the following tumor sites: esophagus, SMR = 430 (4 observed vs. 0.9 expected); stomach, SMR = 180 (14 observed vs. 7.8 expected) and melanoma, SMR = 588 (2 observed vs. 0.3 expected). Mortality from stomach cancer showed a rising trend by number of years licensed (less than 10 years, SMR = 118; 10-19 years, SMR = 160; greater than 19 years, SMR = 260). The findings help clarify the role of occupational pesticide exposure as a risk factor for cancer.
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PMID:[Retrospective cohort study of the cancer incidence in pesticide-exposed male pest control workers]. 395 13

Trends in age-specific and age-standardized cancer death certification rates in Italy from 1955 to 1978 were analyzed. In males total cancer mortality rates increased in all age groups. However, when respiratory and other tobacco-related neoplasms were excluded, death certification rates were roughly stable up to age 64. Moderate decreases in overall cancer mortality have been apparent at younger ages (35-44) since the early 1970's. In females, all the age-specific and the age standardized, under-65 death certification rates decreased; the downward trends were more pronounced (-18.5%) in the younger age group considered (35-44 years). Respiratory cancer mortality increased sharply in males: lung cancer death rates reached a plateau in the early 1970's in the 35-44-year age group, but increased at all subsequent ages. In females, the increase in lung cancer mortality was about 50% in the 45-54 and 55-64-year age groups, but no upward trend was evident in younger women. Other tobacco-related cancers (mouth or pharynx, larynx, esophagus, pancreas, kidney and bladder) also rose considerably. In both sexes, gastric cancer mortality dropped about 50% below age 65, but mortality rates from cancer of the stomach were still considerably higher than in other Western countries. Likewise, mortality from cancer of the (cervix) uteri decreased markedly, mostly in younger age groups. Upward trends in death certification rates were evident for cancers of the bowel (colon and rectum, about 50% in males, and 35% in females below age 65), and of the breast in females. However, these trends have levelled off since the late 1960's, at least in the younger age groups. Certified death rates from cancer of the skin (melanoma) increased over all the periods considered in the young of both sexes. Cancer mortality rates showed marked increases in older (greater than or equal to 65) males, but this can be partially explained in terms of better case ascertainment and more accurate death certification.
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PMID:Trends in cancer mortality in Italy, 1955-1978. 402 79

A retrospective mortality study on male pest control workers of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) was undertaken to evaluate the association of exposure to pesticides and development of malignant tumors. The cohort encompassed 1,214 male subjects with at least 5 years pest control work between 1945 and 1980. Informations on causes of death and cancer cases were obtained from death certificates and the cancer registry form. As control cohort for the standardized mortality ratios (SMR) served the general male population of the GDR. The SMR of 133 for the category of malignant tumors in the pesticide exposed cohort was significantly elevated. Among the other causes of death categories the SMR was less than 100. The tumor excess was statistically significant for the following tumor sites: esophagus, SMR = 430 (4 observed vs. 0.9 expected); stomach, SMR = 180 (14 observed vs. 7.8 expected) and skin melanoma, SMR = 588 (2 observed vs. 0.3 expected). Mortality from stomach cancer showed a linear rising trend by number of years licensed (less than 10 years, SMR = 118; 10-19 = 160; greater than 19 years, SMR = 260). The data suggest an etiological link between the pesticide exposure and increased mortality of esophagus cancer, stomach cancer and skin melanoma.
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PMID:[Increased mortality from esophageal cancer, stomach cancer and skin melanoma in pesticide-exposed pest control operators in the DDR]. 408 2


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