Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mice have been immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide, cortisone-acetate, irradiation, or Ehrlich ascitic fluid (EAF) and then grafted with Ehrlich tumor or with one of the following strain-specific tumors: thymoma, methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma, B-16 melanoma, lymphatic leukaemia, and myeloid leukaemia. Immunosuppression of the host influenced very differently the growth of transplanted malignancies. The growth of thymoma and of Ehrlich tumor was regularly enhanced. The growth of fibrosarcoma and of melanoma, on the other hand, was retarded in mice pretreated with EAF and X-rays, or remained unchanged in mice pretreated with drugs. Leukaemia growth was not influenced by any immunosuppressive treatment; the only exception was enhanced growth of lymphoid leukaemia in animals pretreated with EAF. Thus different tumors grew differently in animals immunosuppressed by the same immunosuppressive agent, while different immunosuppressive treatment changed the growth of one particular tumor always in the same way. From this we concluded: (1) there is no rule as to how immunosuppression of the host will influence tumor growth; and (2) the way in which the malignant growth will be changed depends mainly upon the type of the tumor and probably not very much upon the type of immunosuppressive treatment.
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PMID:Effect of immunosuppression on the growth of six murine tumors. 15 96

Using sensitive radiommunoprecipitation assays for highly purified type-C RNA tumor virus proteins, we found that 5 of 16 clinically normal gibbons (including 4 of 5 normal animals from a colony with 2 cases of lymphoma) and 4 of 4 experimentally inoculated gibbons formed antibodies to the major structural protein (p30) of gibbon ape leukemia virus (GaLV). An additional woolly monkey immunized with the closely related simian sarcoma virus also formed antibodies detectable with GaLV p30. Of 20 patients immunized with formalin-inactivated Rauscher murine leukemia virus (R-MuLV), 10 were previously reported to have antibodies to MuLV as determined by an internally labeled banded virus radioimmunoprecipitation assay. In comparison studies with purified R-MuLV proteins, 7 of 20 patients formed antibodies: 3/20 to R-MuLV p30 only, 1/20 to R-MuLV glycoprotein (gp) 70 only, and 3/20 to both p30 and gp70. Most responders were melanoma patients receiving immunotherapy with BCG. Additionally, rhesus monkeys produced antibodies to the endogenous cat virus RD114 and closely related endogenous baboon leukemia virus p30's. Thus these studies demonstrated the ability of primates (including humans) to form antibodies to well-characterized proteins from endogenous and exogenous type-C viruses and the potential utility of these assays for seroepidemiologic studies.
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PMID:Natural and experimentally induced antibodies to defined mammalian type-C virus proteins in primates. 17 68

Blood lymphocytes from 13 untreated acute leukemia patients, 3 pre-leukemias 3 immunoblastic lymphadenopathias and one infectious mononucleosis showed significantly lower spontaneous (SCMC) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against 51Cr-labeled allogeneic melanoma cells of the IGR3 cell line than effector lymphocytes from 20 age- and sex matched control persons. While control lymphocytes exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity after depletion of mononuclear phagocytes (Fraction FFF), followed by the "Ficoll" purified Fraction F and defibrinated whole blood, the reverse was true for acute leukemias: here, the highest cytotoxicity was found in whole blood followed by the lymphocyte fractions F and FFF. Comparatively high cytotoxicity was found with two leukemia patients who had received blood transfusions the day before testing. During the course of an acute erythroleukemia chemotherapy drastically reduced SCMC and ADCC activities. A therapeutical splenectomy, on the other hand, did not affect cellular cytotoxicity in the case of a hairy cell leukemia. The angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathies showed strikingly high percentages of EA- and EAC-rosettes forming cells and showed a marked increase of SCMC and ADCC activities after elimination of mononuclear phagocytes from the effector cell population.
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PMID:[Effector function of acute leukemias in "spontaneous" (SCMC) and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity-tests (ADCC) (author's transl)]. 28 Jul 29

Nineteen patients are reported who developed acute myeloblastic leukemia following treatment for a variety of solid tumors, including seminoma (four cases), melanoma (one case), and cancer of the ovary (six cases), colon or rectum (three cases), bladder (two cases), cervix, endometrium, and larynx (one case each). There were nine men and ten women, with a median age of 49.8 years (range 29 to 75). The mean interval between the diagnosis of solid tumors and acute leukemia is 5.8 years. In two patients the two diseases occurred simultaneously or within six months of each other. One patient was treated only surgically. Eight patients were treated with radiotherapy, five with chemotherapy, and five received both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Pancytopenia was commonly noted prior to the onset of leukemia with chromosomal abnormalities observed in four cases in which a karyotype was performed. Three patients achieved complete hematological remission following antileukemic therapy. One hundred and six additional patients with non-hematopoietic neoplasms and acute leukemia are reviewed. Although acute leukemia may occur in a higher than expected frequency in patients with solid tumors because of a possible increased risk of a second neoplasm, it seems more likely that the acute leukemia is related to the radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy administered to treat the first neoplasm.
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PMID:Acute myeloblastic leukemia following treatment for non-hematopoietic cancers: report of 19 cases and review of the literature. 29 52

It is well known that there are many independent and inter-related clinical and pathologic factors which influence the prognosis of patients with benign and malignant conditions. Lymphocyte level is an index of cell-mediated immunity which is important in host defense against cancer. But it is surprising that a simple test such as peripheral lymphocyte count could be correlated with clinical stages and survival results in patients with Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-lymphomatous solid tumors. Regarding the latter, lymphocyte count had prognostic values in patients with cancer of the bone, Ewing's sarcoma; breast; colon; kidney, neuroblastoma; uterine cervix, and other sites. In general, higher lymphocyte counts before therapy correlated with longer survival. Using newer immunologic techniques, T and B lymphocytes can be identified and the different subtypes of leukemia, immunodeficiency and lymphoproliferative diseases have been studied intensively. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia represents a proliferation of B cells, while the Sezary syndrome represents that of T lymphocytes. There is a qualitative and quantitative disturbance of Blymphocytes in patients with multiple myeloma. In Hodgkin's disease, there is hyperactivity of the B cells and functional defect of the T cells. Finally, the nodular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma resulted from neoplastic transformation of the B lymphocytes. In several nonmalignant autoimmune conditions, abnormality of T-cell or B-cell counts has been reported. For example, T cells were reported to be decreased in patients with ulcerative or granulomatous colitis and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, However, it needs to be pointed out that, in 1973, Farid and associates (44) reported a significant increase in T and a proportionate reduction of B rosette in 17 patients with untreated Grave's disease and 16 with Hashimoto's thyroiditis as compared with 24 normal and eight goiter controls. In 1975, six publications later, they (143) had to announce a retraction because further studies by them and by other investigators could not repeat the earlier results. Despite variations and lack of standardization of the test systems, some consistent deviations of T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte counts have been reported. T lymphocytes were quantitatively decreased in patients with carcinoma of the brain, breast, head and neck, liver, lung and urologic organs and with malignant melanoma. In general, there is a marked decrease of T cells with increasing stage of disease and a return of T cells to normal level after successful therapy. Cellular immunity is depressed, often lasting for years after localized radiation therapy, whether or not the thymus is included in the treatment field...
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PMID:Peripheral lymphocyte count and suppopulations of T and B lymphocytes in benign and malignant diseases. 30 Jan 79

Sera from 134 selected patients with various types of cancer were tested for soluble antigen-antibody complexes by the C1q binding method. Sera from 85 healthy blood bank donors served as normal controls. C1q binding activity (C1q BA) values above the 95th percentile for healthy subjects were found in 83% of sera from patients with neoplastic diseases. The incidence of abnormal C1q BA values among patients with malignant melanoma was 83%, with breast cancer 74%, with colon cancer 75%, with lung cancer 88%, with leukemia and lymphoma 85%, and with miscellaneous tumors 94%. High C1q BA values were found most frequently in sera of patients who had been diagnosed relatively recently (within 5 mo) and who had evident residual disease after surgical treatment. Recurrence or progression of tumor growth occurred significantly more frequently in lung cancer patients with high C1q BA. DNA was not detected in cancer patients' sera and treatment with DNase did not decrease in C1q BA. C1q BA in sera could not be explained by the presence of antiglobulin antibodies. Sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation studies of the serum C1q BA in 4 cancer patients showed that the major binding activity was found between 19S and 7S.
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PMID:The C1q binding test for soluble immune complexes: clinical correlations obtained in patients with cancer. 32 5

In a phase II trial, prednimustine was often efficient in treating chronic lymphoid leukaemia (CLL) patients and was also active in some patients with lymphosarcoma, melanoma and bronchus carcinoma. Tolerance was generally excellent, the most critical side effect being thrombocytopenia in the case of CLL.
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PMID:A phase II clinical trial of prednimustine. Clinical screening cooperative group of E.O.R.T.C. 32 10

Piperazinedione was administered to 79 patients with solid tumors on an intermittent schedule with single doses of 1.5-36 mg/m2. Courses were usually repeated at 4-week intervals. Twenty-five patients with leukemia were treated at doses of 18-36 mg/m2 (occasionally for 2 successive days) every 1-4 weeks. Of 48 evaluable patients with malignant melanoma, three (6%) achieved partial remission and nine (20%) had stable disease. Eight of 17 (47%) patients with adenocarcinomas and one of two (50%) patients with lymphomas also had stable disease. Six of 14 (43%) patients with acute myelogenous leukemia showed hematologic improvement, as did one of 11 (9%) patients with blast cell crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia. The principal toxic effect was myelosuppression, which occurred in 69% of the patients with solid tumors. Profound bone marrow aplasia occurred in 19% of the patients, resulting in six deaths (8%). Risk factors for marrow aplasia included extensive prior therapy, prior nitrosoureas, cumulative toxicity from piperazinedione, and abnormal liver function tests. The recommended doses for further studies are 9 mg/m2 for patients with risk factors for marrow aplasia, 12 mg/m2 for patients with prior therapy, 15 mg/m2 for previously untreated patients, and 24-36 mg/m2 for patients with acute leukemia.
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PMID:Phase I-II study of piperazinedione in adults with solid tumors and acute leukemia. 38 Aug 2

A stable phenol, gamma-L-glutaminyl-4-hydroxybenzene (GHB), is oxidized by tyrosinase in the gill tissues of the mushroom Agaricus bisporus to a quinone and a second oxidation product which together suppress mitochondrial energy production and the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids in the zygote, thus establishing dormancy in the spores. Brief incubation of cultured murine L1210 leukemia and B-16 melanoma cells with muM concentrations of the purified quinone notably prolonged survival times or blocked tumor growth in histocompatible mice inoculated i.p. with high concentrations of the exposed cells. The instability of the quinone precluded in vivo administration. The short incubation of cultured B-16 melanoma cells with mM concentrations of GHB markedly prolonged survival times or abolished tumor growth in histocompatible C57BL/6J mice inoculated i.p. with 5 X 10(6) exposed cells. This response did not occur with L1210 leukemia cells, which lack the enzyme tyrosinase. The survival times of mice bearing B-16 melanoma, but not of those with L1210 leukemia, were slightly prolonged by a single injection and were significantly extended by daily i.p. injections of GHB. Normal C57BL/6J mice, given GHB i.p. as single or multiple 400-mg/kg doses, manifested no systemic toxicity but showed depigmentation of the hair after 2 to 3 weeks. These studies provide evidence that GHB exerts cytotoxicity specifically for cells that by their content of tyrosinase convert the phenol to the quinone. This targeted response minimizes systemic toxocity and underscores the potential therapeutic application of this agent to melanocarcinoma.
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PMID:gamma-L-Glutaminyl-4-hydroxybenzene, an inducer of cryptobiosis in Agaricus bisporus and a source of specific metabolic inhibitors for melanogenic cells. 40

A total alkaloid and two purified alkaloid extracts of Alangium Vitiense were revealed by our experimental screening to be oncostatic on L1210 leukemia and two other lymphoid neoplasias in Mice. They are not active on myelomonocytoid leukemia WEHI3 nor on B16 melanoma.
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PMID:[Oncostatic activity of extracts from Alangium vitiense on murine lymphoid neoplasms]. 41 57


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