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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A retrospective study of 23 conjunctival melanomas using the Clark classification revealed that the three most common forms of melanoma described in the skin--lentigo maligna melanoma (Hutchinson's freckle with melanoma), superficial spreading melanoma, and nodular melanoma--can be recognized in the conjunctiva. As in the skin, lentigo maligna melanoma appears to be associated with a good prognosis compared to the prognosis associated with superficial spreading melanoma. These two forms of melanoma are both associated with an intraepithelial stage and had previously been grouped under one designate, cancerous melanosis. They can be distinguished histologically although definite clinical differentiation will be determined in the future. Some melanomas with an intraepithelial stage, however, cannot be definitely classified. Relating all conjunctival cancerous melanoses to Hutchinson's melanotic freckle is no longer justified.
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PMID:Malignant melanomas of the conjunctiva. 96 90

With fluorescence-histochemical methods (formalin-induced fluorescence), the different stadia of development of lentigo maligna (Morbus Dubreuih) and lentigo maligna melanoma were investigated. In this way, the special stadia can be clearly characterized using the fluorescence-microscope. In the earliest stadium of malignancy, only the pigment-cells of the basal part of the epidermis seem to be numerous. At this time, these cells are mainly arranged as palisades in the basal layer, and their strongest dendrites are usually directed towards the corneal layer. As the malignancy progresses, the pigment-cells are arranged in several layers in the basal epidermis. In this case, polymorphism of the cells is obvious and their dendrites spread in all directions. A further stadium shows pathological alterations resembling a lentigo with long rete ridges. The atypical cells cluster together into the so-called pseudonests, predominantly at the tips of these rete ridges. With the fluorescence-microscope, dendrites are seldom visible here. In the stadium of tumorous growth, all above-described alterations of the epidermis in lentigo maligna are no longer detectable. Malignant cells in the dermis, which form as a tumor mode, seldom show dendrites. These cells are mainly round or oval-shaped; at best there are some spindle cells in certain areas of the tumor. The epidermis covering the tumor node is infiltrated by some tumor cells but the characteristic alterations as described above for the various stadia of lentigo maligna are no longer visible. Even fluorescence-microscopically, a tumor node of lentigo maligna does not seem to be different from a primary nodular melanoma or a tumor node of a superficial spreading melanoma, if the flat parts of the tumors are not considered in the diagnosis.
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PMID:Fluorescence-microscopic investigations of pigment cells of lentigo maligna (melanosis circumscripta praeblastomatosa Dubreuilh) and lentigo maligna melanoma. 96 89

In a total of 70 malignant melanomas we searched for dendritic-branched fluorescent pigment cells. Hereby we found that dendritic-branched tumor cells are especially characteristic in cases of lentigo maligna. In the flat parts of these lesions, these cells are the predominant cell type. Dendrites in the pseudonests or nodular parts of lentigo maligna can only seldom be detected. The prevailing cell type in superficial spreading melanoma and in primary nodular melanoma is the round or oval unbranched tumor cell. In some cases of nodular melanoma, cells with short dendrites could be seen. In superficial spreading melanoma, dendritic tumor cells could be observed particularly in such tumor parts, in which the malignant cells were scattered between the keratinocytes. Melanocytes can evidently produce dendrites between cells of the sebaceous gland. In the marginal parts or in parts of regression of some superficial spreading melanomas, a great area of dendritic tumor cells could also be detected in the basal parts of the epidermis. Altogether, however, in superficial spreading melanoma and in nodular melanoma they occur only rarely. Dendritic-branched cells are also visible in lymph-node metastases of SSM and NM. The fact that the dendritic tumor cells can be observed in all 3 types of tumors (according to Clark and coworkers) gives a rise to a new discussion of the dualistic theory of melanoma-histogenesis of Mishima. Although this theory could not be disproved, up to now on the basis of the present results, an unitarian development of all types of mnelanoma from melanocytes seems to be possible.
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PMID:Melanin-producing dendritic cells and histogenesis of malignant melanoma. 100 13

A lentigo maligna melanoma on the glans penis and the orificium urethrae is described. From the clinical point of view a superficial spreading melanoma as well as a lentigo maligna could be considered as differential diagnoses. The flat part of this lesion, however, was a lentigo maligna when investigated using a lightmicroscope and especially fluorescence-microscope. In the lightmicroscope only single heavily pigmented and dendritically branched cells could be seen in the basal parts of the epidermis. The definite shape of the other tumor cells was not identifiable. With the fluorescence microscope, however, in nearly all fluorescing and atypical pigment cells, dendritic branching clearly was present.
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PMID:[Malignant lentigo on glans penis. Differentiation using a new method]. 101 Jul 48

The 3-, 5- and 10-year survival rates in 353 well documented cases of malignant melanoma in stages I, II and III are discussed in relation to condition of the patient when the disease was diagnosed, methods of treatment and the histological classes of CLARK and MIHM. The different forms of therapy (X-ray followed by excision, excision followed by X-ray, X-ray alone, excision alone) produce similar recovery rates. Significant differences observable are due to variations in the patients' condition (differences in the malignancy index). Histological classification confirms the benign nature of lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) and superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) in comparison with nodular melanoma (NM).
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PMID:[Course and therapy of malignant melanoma]. 101 17

Three patients with biopsy-proven lentigo maligna were treated with topical 5-fluorouracil. Treatment consisted of twice daily application of 5% 5-fluorouracil cream for 13, 6, and 9 weeks, respectively. Two patients demonstrated presence of invasive melanoma; in one the melanoma was evident before chemotherapy, and in the other the lesion became evident after chemotherapy. In both the lentigo was treated topically and the melanoma excised locally. Posttreatment followup times through April 1, 1974 have been 42, 24, and 22 months, respectively. There has been no evidence of metastases in any patient. Topical chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil cream appears to offer an encouraging alternative method of therapy for lentigo maligna of the face.
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PMID:Topical chemotherapy of lentigo maligna with 5-fluorouracil. 111 40

Follow-up data (over a 3-year period) and the histological appearances of primary lesion were studied and related in 40 Black patients with malignant melanoma. This to our knowledge is the first study in Black African patients. It was found that they present with large deeply invasive lesions, particularly on the foot. The prognosis is poor, with an over-all 3-year survival rate of 35%. The histological features used to assess the prognosis of malignant melanoma in Whites, that is histogenetic pattern, size and shape of the lesion, level of invasion, presence of ulceration and mitotic activity would seem to be equally applicable in Black patients. In addition, marked cellular pleomorphism, haemorrhage, necrosis and fibrosis within the tumour are bad signs. In this series lymphocytic infiltration, either within the tumour or at the edge, possibly indicative of an immune response, seemed to be of favourable prognostic import. Surprisingly, a lesion histologica-ly that of lentigo maligna melanoma was found on the feer of some blacks and could be related to much more favourable survival figures.
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PMID:Pathology of malignant melanoma of the skin in Black Africans. 113 94

By labelling dermal infiltrate cells with H3-thymidine, two types of skin tumours can be distinguished: one type with many labelled cells in the infiltrate (H3-thymidine labelling index, H3-I), the other with few labelled cells. Type I includes malignant melanoma (H3-I = 2.2%) and hemangioendothelioma (2.8%). Type II includes metastases of malignant melanoma (1%), squamous cell carcinoma (1.1%), basel cell epithelioma (0.5%), nevus cell nevus (0.6%), and nevoid lentigo (0.4). The number of labelled cells in the cellular reaction of Type II tumours does not differ significantly from that in normal human corium (0.75%), though there may be a dense cellular reaction. DNA-synthesizing cells were classified with the aid of characteristical stainings and histochemical methods. A vast majority of them were found to be lymphocytes. Our research underlines the special importance of cellular inflammatory reaction, i.e. cellular immunity, im malignant melanoma and probably in hemangioendothelioma.
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PMID:Lymphocyte stimulation in the cellular inflammatory reaction of some human skin tumours. 120 Jul 1

The value of formalin-induced fluorescence method in diagnosis of malignant melanoma. With this method in the case of malignant melanoma the melanin producing cells can be clearly demonstrated. Shape and arrangement of the tumor cells in the epidermis are to be judged accurately. It is possible to distinguish special cases of lentigo maligna melanoma from superficial spreading melanoma. In the first kind of tumor the cells mostly have long dendrites like melanocytes, whereas in superficial spreading melanoma we predominantly find round cells which only seldom show dendrites. Furthermore the fluorescence method is of great value in exact determination of the level of invasion. Only in this way it is possible to detect single tumor cells in connective tissue, in vessels and in fat tissue. Also in examination of lymph nodes even single cells or small clusters of melanoma cells can be detected.
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PMID:[New method for the more precise differentiation of melanomas. Significance of formalin-induced fluorescence for the prognostic evaluation of malignant melanomas]. 122 8

A study of 80 consecutive cutaneous malignant melanomas in 78 patients older than 60 years, with an average of 73 (60-93), is presented. The following data were considered: age, sex, localization, stage, other synchronous or metachronous malignant tumors, excluded basal cell epitheliomas, histological type and depth of cutaneous invasion according to Clark's levels and Breslow's measure. The follow up lasted 1 to 156 months with an average of 39 months. All patients were treated by surgical removal of the cutaneous lesion or the regional lymph node metastases, if they appeared. No prophylactic lymph node dissections were performed. There were 45 women and 33 men. The histological type was superficial spreading (ES) in 17 women and 7 men; nodular (NOD) in 18 and 16; lentigo maligna melanoma (LM) in 4 and 4 and acral in 7 and 7. Relations between sex, localization, histological type and actuarial survival curves can be observed in Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8 and Tables 1, 2. Even considering the shortcomings of this retrospective analysis and a relatively short follow up for melanomas, this study points out that the thickness of the lesion became prognostically significant in relation to survival, beyond 3.7 mm (p < 0.001); but when the tumors were thinner, this group of patients showed other causes of death (MPOC) with a greater frequency than those related to tumoral progression (MPM) (p < 0.001) and that maybe this should be taken into account when planning treatment for melanomas in elderly patients. Other malignant synchronous or metachronous tumors were found in 19% of the patients (Table 2).
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PMID:[Cutaneous melanomas in old patients. Prognostic factors and actuarial survival]. 130 87


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