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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Medroxyprogesterone, dexamethasone, or cortisone, locally applied in sustained release polymer to rabbit V2 carcinoma implanted in the rabbit cornea, blocked neovascularization and three-dimensional growth of the tumor. These hormones similarly prevented the vascular proliferative response to implants in the rabbit cornea of mouse B-16 melanoma and also the response to implants of polymer containing tumor extract with angiogenesis activity. The inhibitory responses were accompanied by considerable reduction in collagenolytic activity released into culture medium by explants of the two tumors and of the corneal region containing angiogenic hepatoma extract. Morphologic studies revealed extensive three-dimensional disruption of the compact laminated collagenous structure of the cornea by untreated V2 carcinoma. In the presence of hormone the tumor grew slowly as a noninvasive two-dimensional plaque limited to the narrow region of the insertion pocket in the cornea, with no obvious disturbance of structure elsewhere. Cortisone was much les effective than medroxyprogesterone or dexamethasone. Testosterone and estradiol had no effect on the three measured properties. The data suggest that local hormonal interference with neovascularization, collagenase production, and tumor growth can prevent neoplastic invasion and destruction of a dense collagenous connective tissue.
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PMID:Inhibition of tumor growth, vascularization, and collagenolysis in the rabbit cornea by medroxyprogesterone. 626 56

Human immunoglobulin-secreting hybridomas have been produced by fusion of the LICR-LON-HMy2 line with lymph node lymphocytes from patients with malignant melanoma. Immunoglobulin production as measured by reverse haemolytic plaque assay was greater for hybridomas than for the parent HMy2 line. Pre-incubation of unseparated cultures from lymph nodes with pokeweed mitogen resulted in more successful fusions with a greater yield of hybridomas. The hybrids did not, however, have any greater immunoglobulin production than did those from lymphocytes not pre-incubated with pokeweed mitogen. Using lymph node cells from a patient with malignant melanoma of the cervical region, a consistent pattern of increased immunoglobulin binding to three human melanoma cell lines in contrast to a human colonic adenocarcinoma and a human skin-derived fibroblast line was demonstrated.
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PMID:The production of human hybridomas from patients with malignant melanoma. The effect of pre-stimulation of lymphocytes with pokeweed mitogen. 634 72

The influence of dietary fat concentration and saturation on blastogenesis, cytotoxicity, antibody response and fatty acid composition of murine splenic lymphocytes was studied. Blastogenesis of lymphocytes from dietarily manipulated mice in response to alloantigens from control mice was significantly greater for those mice fed a diet containing minimal essential fatty acids (EFA) as the only fat source (EFA control) than those fed an EFA-deficient diet. When the dietary fat concentration was increased, blastogenic response decreased compared to the EFA control diet. Lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against allogeneic melanoma cells was greater for mice receiving diets with EFA only than for those deficient in EFA. However, cytotoxicity responses of mice fed additional polyunsaturated fat (PUF) decreased as concentration increased, whereas responses of mice fet the saturated fat (SF) diets decreased only when the dietary fat concentration was greater than 8%. As compared to diets with EFA control, direct plaque-forming cell (PFC) response was decreased for mice fed high levels of PUF and increased for mice fed high levels of SF; however, no difference in the percentage of IgM-positive cells was observed. These changes in PFC response were inversely related to the levels of linoleic acid in the lymphocyte. Thus, high levels of dietary fat, and particularly PUF, suppress lymphocyte functions when EFA requirements are met, whereas low levels (EFA control) intensify these responses. EFA deficiency, however, suppress some lymphocyte responses. Thus, dietary lipids differentially modulate the levels of T- and B-cell responsiveness.
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PMID:Dietary lipid modulation of immune responsiveness. 635 18

A 5.8-gigahertz (GHz) ophthalmic microwave applicator was used to treat choroidal melanoma (Green strain) in rabbits. High-frequency electromagnetic radiation provides a favorable dose distribution to induce local hyperthermia in the treatment of intraocular tumors. Heating of the neoplasm, while sparing normal ocular structures, is best accomplished by a transscleral approach. A hyperthermia plaque is placed on the sclera at the base of the intraocular tumor. Contact (resistive) heating and electromagnetic radiation (radiofrequency and microwave) are best suited to a plaque technique. The advantages of electromagnetic heat induction, as compared with contact heating, are twofold: the depth of hyperthermic penetration can be modulated by frequency selection, and the tissues with low water content (sclera) remain relatively unaffected by microwaves. The 5.8-GHz ophthalmic microwave applicator satisfies the requirements for local hyperthermic treatment of intraocular tumors.
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PMID:Hyperthermic treatment of intraocular tumors. 648 14

When compared with Cobalt-60, the physical properties of Iodine-125 make it an attractive alternative therapy for consideration in the management of selected choroidal melanomas. The low-energy gamma emission can be nearly completely shielded by a thin sheet of gold 0.4 mm thick. Iodine-125 contained in a gold-backed episcleral plaque may reduce radiation exposure to non-target tissues of the eye including the optic nerve and macula. Iodine-125 is readily available, is adaptable to specific tumour locations and size, and offers very little radiation hazard to handlers. The physical characteristics of Iodine-125 are suitable for treatment of relatively large ocular tumours. Preliminary experience at the Mayo Clinic with Iodine-125 in the management of 12 patients with malignant melanoma to the choroid who have been followed between six months and two and a quarter years, indicate the effectiveness of Iodine-125 in promoting tumour shrinkage. In 11 of the 12 treated eyes, there is evidence of decreased tumour thickness as judged by ultrasonography and photography.
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PMID:Preliminary observations regarding the use of iodine-125 in the management of choroidal melanoma. 658 67

Thymus-derived lymphocytes (T lymphocytes) were enumerated in patients with uveal malignant melanoma. Two T-lymphocyte subpopulations were determined, the active rosette forming cells (A-RFC) and the total rosette forming cells (T-RFC). Subjects were divided into the following groups: (a) pretreatment patients, (b) patients treated by enucleation, (c) patients treated by photocoagulation, (d) patients treated by cobalt plaque radiotherapy, (e) patients treated by enucleation who developed clinically detectable metastasis, and (f) normal controls. There were no differences in the numbers of A-RFC or T-RFC in the control population, pretreatment patients, and those treated in the different ways. Statistically significant depressions of A-RFC and T-RFC levels were seen in patients with metastatic lesions, suggesting that they had an impairment of immunocompetence, as measured by T-lymphocyte rosette formation.
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PMID:Thymus-derived lymphocyte enumeration in patients with uveal malignant melanoma. 661 Apr 40

Visual results of cobalt plaque radiotherapy on the eyes of 77 patients with posterior uveal melanoma in one eye and pretreatment visual acuity of 20/25 or better in both eyes were analyzed using actuarial methods. The study demonstrated that eyes receiving a radiation dose in excess of 5,000 rad to the fovea and/or optic disc commonly lose a substantial amount of vision within 2 to 3 years. It also showed that eyes treated by cobalt plaque radiotherapy for a large posterior uveal melanoma are more likely to suffer profound visual loss than those treated for a medium or small melanoma. The predominant cause of severe visual loss in these patients appeared to be foveal radiation retinopathy.
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PMID:Visual results following cobalt plaque radiotherapy for posterior uveal melanomas. 670 27

We present four cases of spreading pigmented actinic keratoses, an only recently described pigmented lesion of sun-exposed areas, in which the histologic appearance is that of actinic keratosis with the additional feature of excessive melanin deposition in the lower epidermis and in the upper dermis. Clinically, it is a brown patch or plaque with a smooth surface, usually larger than 1 cm, that tends to spread centrifugally. Clinical differential diagnoses include seborrheic keratosis, melanocytic nevus, senile lentigo, lentigo maligna, and lentigo maligna melanoma. This pigmented lesion is probably much more common than the existing literature would indicate.
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PMID:Spreading pigmented actinic keratosis. 682 9

A 72-year-old man with a previous history of an amelanotic melanoma on his left forearm had an erythematous plaque excised from his right shoulder. Although the clinical impression was a dermatitis, a biopsy specimen revealed an amelanotic lentigo maligna melanoma. To our knowledge, this is the first patient described with an amelanotic lentigo maligna melanoma as a second primary tumor to an apparent previous amelanotic melanoma, manifesting as a dermatitislike plaque.
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PMID:Amelanotic lentigo maligna melanoma manifesting as a dermatitislike plaque. 684 22

This study evaluated the effects of PGA1 on B-16 melanoma-bearing mice. Intraperitoneal injection of PGA1 (10 microgram/day) significantly inhibited the rate of melanoma growth measured both as delay in the rate of appearance and decrease in the tumor volume. In contrast to the diluent control-treated mice, by 17 days, less than half of the PGA1-treated animals developed measurable (greater than 2 mm) subcutaneous tumors. In addition to its effect on tumor size, PGA1 was also effective in stimulating both the humoral and cellular components of the immune response. B-16 tumor-bearing mice were shown to be immunosuppressed, in that they had decreased anti-sRBC hemagglutinin titers, decreased splenic plaque-forming cells, suppressed delayed hypersensitivity responses, and delayed rejection of skin allografts from BALB/c mice. Although, PGA1 had relatively little effect on normal mice, this prostaglandin substantially improved all these immunologic parameters in tumor-bearing animals.
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PMID:The effect of PGA1 on the immune response in B-16 melanoma-bearing mice. 699 32


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