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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The liver was the organ most frequently involved in 50 patients with primary melanomas of the choroid or ciliary body, who were treated with enucleation or cobalt plaque radiotherapy and who subsequently developed systemic metastasis. Forty-seven (94%) of the patients had clinical or laboratory evidence of liver metastasis. The median survival time following treatment of the primary choroidal melanoma was 28 months (range, 7.7 to 123.1 months). Results of pretreatment studies, including serum liver enzyme levels, liver scans, or both, were abnormal in six (12%) of the patients studied. As a group, the eight patients who died within one year following ocular surgery had a significantly higher prevalence of pretreatment laboratory abnormalities. Extraocular extension of the choroidal melanoma was also present in four (50%) of these eight patients. Conversely, no patient who survived longer than the median survival period (28 months) had abnormal pretreatment laboratory findings.
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PMID:Metastatic uveal melanoma. Pretherapy serum liver enzyme and liver scan abnormalities. 400 17

Survival rates and visual acuity of 100 patients treated for posterior uveal malignant melanoma by cobalt-60 plaque radiotherapy were compared with 150 patients treated by enucleation for the same disease. Life-table comparisons of the entire group showed significant differences in survival rates, with plaque radiotherapy patients appearing to fare better. However, when patients with small or medium tumors were compared, only slight differences were seen, implying that criteria used to select patients for treatment may affect interpretation. The two groups were also compared using the Cox proportional hazards model, which predicts survival based on the impact of clinical variables. In this analysis, the survival rates of the plaque radiotherapy group were no worse than those of the enucleation group. The advantage of conservative therapy lies in the potential to preserve useful vision over a considerable time. Because patients were specifically selected for treatment modality and because the study size used to calibrate the Cox model was small, the results of this study must be interpreted with caution.
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PMID:Malignant melanoma of the eye: treatment of posterior uveal lesions by Co-60 plaque radiotherapy versus enucleation. 402 47

A patient was seen with a pigmented plaque of malignant melanoma and multiple surrounding skin-colored dermal and subcutaneous nodules. Histologic examination showed that the pigmented lesion represented the balloon cell variant of malignant melanoma and that the adjacent nodules were local metastatic lesions. This case, along with a review of the literature, illustrates that many balloon cell melanomas show only mild cellular atypia and minimal mitotic figures, although the tumor has a malignant course, with local or distant metastasis. A careful examination of all the sections of the balloon cell tumor is important.
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PMID:Balloon cell malignant melanoma. 403 Nov 59

We reviewed the records of thirteen patients with posterior uveal malignant melanoma who had developed a mature radiation cataract following cobalt-60 plaque radiotherapy. Cataract extraction had been performed in seven of these patients as of the survey date of this investigation. We attempted to determine if cataract extraction increased the risk of metastatic melanoma, improved or worsened visual function, or resulted in any consistent intraoperative or postoperative complications that did not occur if the cataract was retained. Our analysis showed that removing the cataract did not appear to increase the risk of death from metastatic melanoma, but it also indicated that cataract extraction did not seem to improve the visual function of the irradiated eye. On the basis of our experience to date, we offer suggested guidelines for the management of patients who develop a mature cataract following cobalt-60 plaque radiotherapy of a posterior uveal malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Cataract surgery following cobalt-60 plaque radiotherapy for posterior uveal malignant melanoma. 403 76

During a recent four-year period, 21 patients were referred to the Oncology Service at Wills Eye Hospital with previously unsuspected posterior uveal melanomas in an eye that had been operated upon for a unilateral cataract. Twelve of the 21 patients had undergone standard cataract extraction and nine had had implantation of an intraocular lens, which was often in juxtaposition to the unsuspected melanoma. Preoperative ultrasonography in these patients had apparently been performed only to obtain an axial length of the globe and the eye was not scanned for pathologic processes in the posterior segment. Management of the melanoma included a cobalt plaque in eleven cases, enucleation in five, periodic observation in three, iridocyclochorioretinectomy in one, and orbital exenteration in one. It is stressed that a thorough external and slit-lamp examination, transillumination, carefully performed ultrasonography and, if necessary, a radioactive phosphorus uptake test can establish the diagnosis of uveal melanoma and prevent diagnostic delay and misdirected therapy in such cases.
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PMID:Cataract surgery and intraocular lenses in patients with unsuspected malignant melanoma of the ciliary body and choroid. 403 77

We have developed and used a thermoradiotherapy (TRT) plaque to treat choroidal melanoma (Greene strain) in rabbits. A dual-therapy scleral plaque delivers localized hyperthermia (4.8-gigahertz microwave) and ionizing radiation (iodine I 125). Transscleral treatment involves placement of a TRT plaque on bare sclera at the base of an intraocular tumor. Therapeutic doses of ionizing and hyperthermic radiation are then simultaneously delivered to the intraocular tumor. Sparing of normal ocular structures outside the treatment area after the combined therapy has been noted on clinical, gross, and histologic examinations. Our study suggests that the TRT plaque described satisfies the requirements for dual-modality treatment of choroidal melanoma.
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PMID:Thermoradiotherapy for intraocular tumors. 405 61

A 66-year-old man had malignant melanoma of the choroid that enlarged during a two-year period while a retinal detachment developed. Treatment consisted of a cobalt 60 plaque placed to deliver a dose of 35,000 rads to the base and 9,000 rads to the apex of the tumor. Clinical response was excellent and complete regression occurred. The patient later died of an unrelated disease. Histopathologic study verified complete regression of the tumor.
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PMID:Clinicopathologic report of successful cobalt 60 plaque therapy for choroidal melanoma. 407 81

Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), whether administered in a 30-hr pulse of 30 mug/ml or continuously in low concentrations (1-3 mug/ml), significantly increased production of particles with the morphology of murine leukemia virus in a mouse melanoma (B16) cell line. Particles were very rare in control cells, detectable only by electron microscopy. By contrast, in many experiments with BrdU-treated cells the numbers of virus particles counted by electron microscopy increased over 100-fold, and other tests for murine leukemia virus (plaque assay and tests for group-specific antigens 1 and 3 and for Gross cell-surface antigens) became positive. All BrdU-treated cells, regardless of drug concentration or length of treatment, in addition to showing loss of both pigment and of piled-up morphology, were suppressed in tumorigenicity compared with the control cells. These effects were all reversible. A significant percentage of mice injected with BrdU-treated cells were protected against subsequent tumor formation when challenged with malignant control cells. The degree of protection conferred on the mice correlated well with the number of virus particles counted in the injected cells. There was also good correlation between the amount of cell-associated virus and the degree of suppression of malignancy for cells treated continuously with 1 mug of BrdU per ml, but not as good for cells treated for short periods with higher concentrations of BrdU.
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PMID:Tumorigenicity, immunogenicity, and virus production in mouse melanoma cells treated with 5-bromodeoxyuridine. 434 73

Influences of different incubation temperatures within the physiological range on three different biological activities of human leukocyte-derived alpha interferon (IFN) (the antiviral effect, the antiproliferative activity, and the augmentation of natural killer cell (NK) activity) were investigated in vitro. Using the plaque-reduction assay (U cells challenged with VSV), the antiviral activity by IFN was found to be lower at 35 degrees C and higher at 38 degrees C and 39 degrees C than at 37 degrees C. Using the CPE (cytopathogenic effect) inhibition technique (Vero cells challenged with VSV), the antiviral activity was slightly enhanced at 38 degrees C, 39 degrees C, and 40 degrees C, respectively, when compared with 37 degrees C. The antiproliferative activity on Daudi cells and G-361 melanoma cells was enhanced at elevated temperatures. On the other hand, the antiproliferative activity on PLC/PRF/5 hepatoma cells was lower at 38 degrees C and 39 degrees C than at 37 degrees C, but higher at 40 degrees C. NK activity of PBL after 2 h incubation at 41 degrees C was remarkably lower than that at 37 degrees C, while it was not affected by 2 h incubation at 35 degrees C and 39 degrees C, respectively. When PBL was treated with IFN for 2 h at the temperatures described above, NK activity was equally augmented at all temperatures tested. Our results suggest that elevated incubation temperature potentiates the antiviral and the antiproliferative activities, but does not affect the NK augmenting activity of HuIFN-alpha (Le).
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PMID:Temperature influences on different human alpha interferon activities. 609 82

The antitumor activity of a new derivative of nitrosourea, 3-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-3-deoxy-D-allose (CNUA), against murine tumors was studied. CNUA showed significant antitumor activity against L1210 leukemia, Lewis lung carcinoma, B-16 melanoma and autochthonous lung tumor induced by 1-ethyl-1-nitrosourea. The effect of CNUA, chlorozotocin, and ACNU on the peripheral white blood cell count (WBC) in normal CDF1 mice was examined. The lowest WBC count occurred 3 days after administration at the therapeutic dose level and the decreased value returned to the normal level 7-14 days following administration of CNUA and chlorozotocin. CNUA also exerted a depressive action on both humoral and cell-mediated immune response to sheep red blood cells determined by the serum hemagglutinin titer, plaque-forming cells in the spleen, and delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, while the suppression was almost the same or less than that obtained with chlorozotocin when compared at the dose resulting in similar antitumor activity. These findings suggest that the antitumor activity of CNUA was not at all inferior to those of other nitrosoureas. The bone marrow toxicity was moderate and did not last long.
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PMID:Antitumor activity of a nitrosourea derivative, CNUA, on murine tumors. 623 4


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