Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two patients presented with the unusual occurrence of isolated foci of malignant melanoma of the upper eyelid and ipsilateral inferior conjunctiva. Neither patient had clinical evidence of primary acquired conjunctival melanosis, but in one case there was histopathologic evidence of this condition. The clinical features, histopathologic findings, and possible significance of this unusual occurrence are discussed.
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PMID:Primary eyelid malignant melanoma associated with primary conjunctival malignant melanoma. 317 38

The patient, who is now 60, had a nevus and areas of cystic changes in the conjunctiva in her right eye, which had been present from birth to the age of 59. In 1987, rapid tumor growth aroused suspicion that malignant change could be occurring and so the nevus as well as the area of the conjunctiva containing cystic changes were excised. Histological finding: conjunctival malignant melanoma, containing compressed (densely arranged) atypical cells with pleomorphic hyperchromatic nuclei and prominent nucleoli. The biopsy specimen of the conjunctiva showed a typical nevocellular nevus with large inclusion cysts of the conjunctival epithelium.
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PMID:Late manifestation of conjunctival malignant melanoma. 323 24

Nevi of the conjunctiva generally develop during the first 2 decades of life, and are almost entirely restricted to the epibulbar surface, the plica, the caruncle, and the lid margin. Therefore, any elevated pigmented lesion of the forniceal or tarsal conjunctiva acquired later in life must be regarded with suspicion as a melanoma or melanoma precursor, and a biopsy should be done routinely. This report is, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the first histopathologic documentation of nevi located in the palpebral conjunctiva. One nevus was acquired and the other was probably congenital.
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PMID:Melanocytic nevi of the palpebral conjunctiva. An extremely rare location usually signifying melanoma. 323 43

A total of 2,455 conjunctival lesions in adults (over 15 years old) obtained during a 61-year period were reviewed and histopathologically classified as congenital, acquired epithelial, acquired subepithelial, pigmented, inflammatory/degenerative, and miscellaneous. The most common lesions in decreasing order of frequency were: pterygium, nevus, dysplasia, nonspecific nongranulomatous inflammation, and epithelial inclusion cyst. The most common conjunctival malignancy in adults was squamous cell carcinoma, followed by melanoma, and pagetoid change associated with sebaceous gland carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinomas arise from progressive stages of mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia. These tumors have a low malignant potential but may behave more aggressively in the spindle cell and mucoepidermoid variants. Melanomas arise de novo, from nevi or, most commonly, from acquired melanosis and have an associated 14-32% mortality rate by metastatic spread. Sebaceous carcinomas are often initially clinically misdiagnosed, involve the conjunctiva by pagetoid spread, and can have a low rate of metastasis and death if diagnosed early and excised with frozen-section monitoring of the surgical margins.
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PMID:Conjunctival lesions in adults. A clinical and histopathologic review. 330 Dec 9

Although malignant melanoma most often develops in the skin, it can also arise in several layers of the eye. Therefore, new dark brown or black spots on the conjunctiva must be recognized during physical examination and then evaluated. When melanoma is suspected, there should be no hesitation in performing excisional biopsy under local anesthesia. The differential diagnosis includes melanocytic nevi and primary or secondary melanosis.
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PMID:Approach to a dark spot on the conjunctiva. 336 29

The labial melanotic macule has an increased number of dendritic melanocytes along the basal layer. Numerous counterparts of the labial melanotic macule occur on the other mucosal and cutaneous surfaces. Most melanoacanthomas of the lip show a similar number of melanocytes along the junctional zone. Melanoacanthoma of the lip differs histologically from the labial melanotic macule by the presence of intraepithelial dendritic melanocytes. It also has histologic counterparts that occur on other oral mucosal surfaces. Primary acquired melanosis of the conjunctiva is biologically different from the other mucosal melanoses because it frequently progresses to malignant melanoma. All mucosal melanoses must be taken seriously by the physician, because it is usually not possible to exclude malignant melanoma on clinical inspection alone. A biopsy is always indicated. The labial melanotic macule and melanoacanthoma demonstrate histologic features strikingly different from those of melanoma. Although intraepithelial dendritic melanocytes are seen in melanoacanthoma, they are mostly present in the lower portions of the epithelium, and there is no full-thickness haphazard dispersion of atypical single and nested melanocytes. Along the basal layer in melanotic macules and melanoacanthomas of the lip, melanocytes are arranged as solitary units without a tendency to form abnormal nests or become confluent, in contrast to the picture in melanoma. Melanocytes in this zone show no pleomorphism, in contradistinction to the often bizarre, atypical melanocytes seen in melanoma.
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PMID:Mucosal melanosis. 337 73

Malignant melanoma of the eye and adnexa is rare in blacks. A highly unusual malignant melanoma of the tarsal conjunctiva in an adult Ethiopian female, believed to be the first reported in a black patient, is described. Factors that contribute to melanoma in blacks and rates of occurrence are reviewed and discussed.
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PMID:Conjunctival melanoma in Africa. 344 3

Quantitative frequencies of clinical abnormalities in xeroderma pigmentosum were estimated by abstracting published descriptions of 830 patients in 297 articles obtained from a survey of the medical literature from 1874 to 1982. The median patient age was 12 years with nearly equal numbers of male and female patients. Cutaneous symptoms (sun sensitivity or freckling) had a median age of onset of between 1 and 2 years. Forty-five percent of the patients described had basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. The median age of first nonmelanoma skin cancer among patients with xeroderma pigmentosum was 8 years, more than 50 years less than that among patients with skin cancer in the United States. Melanomas were reported in 5% of patients. Ninety-seven percent of the reported basal and squamous cell carcinomas and 65% of the melanomas in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum occurred on the face, head, or neck. Seventy percent probability of survival was attained at age 40 years, a 28-year reduction in comparison with the US general population. Ocular abnormalities were reported in 40% of the patients described and were restricted to tissues exposed to ultraviolet radiation (lid, conjunctiva, and cornea) and included ectropion, corneal opacity leading to blindness, and neoplasms. Neurologic abnormalities were found in 18% of the cases reported, consisting of progressive mental deterioration, hyporeflexia or areflexia, and progressive deafness in some patients in association with dwarfism and immature sexual development. There was scant information concerning the efficacy of any therapeutic regimen.
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PMID:Xeroderma pigmentosum. Cutaneous, ocular, and neurologic abnormalities in 830 published cases. 354 87

A 66-year-old white woman had had a 20-year history of flat primary acquired melanosis involving the left inferior forniceal and palpebral conjunctiva. Over the ensuring 12 years, the patient experienced multiple recurrences of invasive malignant melanoma that emerged from the progressive primary acquired melanosis. Two of these recurrences were composed of nonpigmented spindle cells, and in the most florid invasive malignant melanoma that developed, the spindle cells formed a nodule 7.5 mm thick. The spindle cells were organized into fascicles and small bundles, the latter separated by a loose stroma that was devoid of mucopolysaccharides. The fascicular and neuroidal features in this case were sufficiently well developed to suggest the incorrect diagnosis of a neural tumor or a neurofibroma. However, the presence of intraepithelial atypical melanocytes at the edge of the spindle cell lesion, the absence of mucopolysaccharides in the stroma, the mitotic activity, and the absence of intercellular reticulin fibers favored the diagnosis of a spindle cell invasive malignant melanoma. This morphologic variant of conjunctival melanoma is compared with related cutaneous lesions of melanoma featuring a spindle cell population.
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PMID:Recurrent conjunctival melanoma with neuroidal spindle cell features. 356 58

All records of ocular malignant melanoma notified to the Danish Cancer Registry between 1943 and 1982 were re-coded, and 1,624 out of 1,650 cases were verified and included in this investigation. The annual number of incident cases increased from about 30 to 50, but the age-standardized incidence rate remained stable at 0.75 per 100,000 in males and 0.60 in females. There was no predilection for one or the other eye in either sex. About 80% of the tumours were located in the choroid, 10% in the ciliary body and iris, 5% in the conjunctiva, and 5% in "multiple regions". The histopathology of the tumours was: epithelioid cell type in 12%, spindle-cell type in 36%, and mixed-cell type in 51%. The stable incidence rates of ocular malignant melanomas were in marked contrast to the 5- and 6-fold increase observed for cutaneous melanomas during the same time period. Possible differences in risk factors are discussed. Similarities and differences between the present data and results from other countries are highlighted.
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PMID:Trends in incidence of ocular malignant melanoma in Denmark 1943-1982. 361 Mar 85


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