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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new method of survival analysis, denoted period analysis, has recently been developed, which has been shown to provide more up-to-date estimates of long-term survival rates than traditional methods of survival analysis. We applied period analysis to data from the nationwide Finnish cancer registry to provide up-to-date estimates of 5-, 10-, 15- and 20-year relative survival rates (RSR) achieved by the end of the 20th century. For most forms of cancer, period estimates of long-term survival are much higher than corresponding traditional survival estimates which suggests that for these cancers there has been ongoing major progress in survival rates in recent years which so far has remained undisclosed by traditional methods of survival analysis. For example, period analysis reveals that 10 year RSR have come close to (or even exceed) 80% for cancer of the corpus uteri and melanoma, 75% for breast cancer, 70% for bladder cancer, 65% for cancer of the cervix uteri, and 55% for cancer of the colon and prostate. Period analysis further reveals that 20 year RSR have now come close to (or even exceed) 75% for endometrial cancer and melanoma, 60% for breast cancer and cervical cancer, 55% for colon cancer and bladder cancer, and 40%-50% for cancer of the rectum, the ovaries, kidneys and nervous system.
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PMID:Long-term cancer patient survival achieved by the end of the 20th century: most up-to-date estimates from the nationwide Finnish cancer registry. 1148 67

The association of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer has been demonstrated. The development of a prophylactic vaccine to protect against primary HPV infection may therefore be an efficient means to reduce the incidence of this cancer worldwide. To assess the capacity of a plasmid DNA that expresses the L1 gene of HPV type 16 to induce a protective immune response, mice were immunized by parenteral and oral routes. Animals that received the DNA vaccine intramuscularly, subcutaneously and orally, developed systemic anti-L1 IgG antibodies. Antibodies developed in mice vaccinated subcutaneously were detectable twelve months post-immunization. Specific IgA antibodies were also found in vaginal washes from immunized mice. Both systemic and local antibodies proved effective in a surrogate neutralization assay. Splenic T cells extracted from experimental mice showed cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) activity mediated by CD8 + cells. Mice were challenged with a syngeneic melanoma cell line, engineered to express the HPV16-L1 protein, tumours in vaccinated animals showed slower growth rate, correlated directly with a longer survival of mice. The results suggest that the L1-based DNA vaccine may be useful for the prevention of primary infections by HPV16.
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PMID:Parenteral and oral immunization with a plasmid DNA expressing the human papillomavirus 16-L1 gene induces systemic and mucosal antibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. 1174 63

Kermit is a Xenopus orthologue of human GIPC1/GIPC, which interacts with Frizzled-3 (FZD3) class of WNT receptor to modulate WNT signaling. GIPC1 interacts with TGFbeta type III receptor to enhance TGFbeta signaling. We have recently cloned and characterized a novel GIPC1-related gene, GIPC2. During isolation of GIPC2, we identified another novel GIPC1-related gene, GIPC3, by using bioinformatics. In this study, we isolated GIPC3 cDNAs from poly(A)+ RNA of human fetal lung. GIPC3 encoded a 312-amino-acid protein with a central PDZ domain, which showed 59.9% total-amino-acid identity with GIPC1, 55.3% total-amino-acid identity with GIPC2, and 57.2% total-amino-acid identity with Xenopus Kermit. GIPC3 gene on human chromosome 19p13.3 was found to consist of 6 exons, just like GIPC1 gene and GIPC2 gene. The 4.5-kb GIPC3 mRNA was almost ubiquitously expressed in normal adult tissues as well as in normal fetal tissues. Expression level of GIPC3 mRNA was relatively higher in jejunum, followed by lymph node, parietal lobe in brain, fetal spleen, and fetal thymus. GIPC3 mRNA was expressed in cervical cancer cell line HeLa S3, chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line K-562, and melanoma cell line G-361. GIPC3 mRNA was also expressed in gastric cancer cell lines TMK1 and MKN7; however, expression level of GIPC3 mRNA in TMK1 and MKN7 cells were significantly lower than that in normal stomach. This is the first report on molecular cloning of GIPC3, the third member of the GIPC gene family.
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PMID:Molecular cloning and characterization of human GIPC3, a novel gene homologous to human GIPC1 and GIPC2. 1183 71

New Zealand has a cancer profile similar to those of Western developed countries, with a high rate of melanoma, similar to Australia. Statistics separating the Maori from the non-Maori population, although open to difficulties in interpretation, show higher rates in Maori of liver, stomach, lung and cervix uterine cancer and lower rates of colorectal cancer and of melanoma. Screening and prevention programmes are limited by resource constraints; there is population screening for cervical cancer and breast cancer screening is being developed. Screening for hepatitis B and liver cancer is proposed, despite conflicting scientific opinions, while screening for colorectal cancer is not planned, despite randomized trial evidence of benefit. There is no clear national cancer control programme at present. Investigation of stomach cancer in Maori families had identified a new gene.
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PMID:Developing areas in cancer in New Zealand. 1195 77

We used the nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database to analyze cancer risks in Sweden-born descendants of immigrants from European and North American countries. Our study included close to 600,000 0-66-year-old descendants of an immigrant father or mother. We calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for 17 cancer sites using native Swedes as a reference. All cancer was marginally below the Swedish incidence in offspring of immigrant origin. Decreased SIRs were observed for breast cancer among Norwegian descendants, melanoma among descendants of Hungarian fathers and ovarian and bladder cancer among descendents of Finnish mothers, all consistent with the difference in cancer incidence between Swedes and the indigenous populations. Cervical cancer was increased in daughters of Danish men, whereas thyroid cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were in excess in offspring of parents of Yugoslav and Asian descent. Even these results agreed with the high incidence rates in parents compared to Swedes, except that for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma other explanations are needed; these may be related to immune malfunction. Comparison of the results between the first- and the second-generation immigrants suggest that the first 2 decades of life are important in setting the pattern for cancer development in subsequent life. Birth in Sweden sets the Swedish pattern for cancer incidence, irrespective of the nationality of descent, while entering Sweden in the 20s is already too late to influence the environmentally imprinted program for the cancer destiny.
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PMID:Cancer risks in second-generation immigrants to Sweden. 1197 38

Cancer complicating pregnancy is a rare coexistence. The incidence is approximately 1 in 1,000 pregnancies. The most common cancers are those more frequently seen during the reproductive age of a woman. Breast cancer, cervical cancer, Hodgkin's disease, malignant melanoma, and leukemias are the most frequently diagnosed malignancies during gestation. The diagnostic and therapeutic management of the pregnant patient with cancer is especially difficult because it involves two persons, the mother and the fetus. In this paper we review: A) the therapeutic and diagnostic management of these patients; B) the safety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures; C) the metastatic pattern of the maternal tumors to the placenta and fetus, and D) the potential recommendations for therapeutic abortion.
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PMID:Coexistence of pregnancy and malignancy. 1218 92

We used the nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database to analyse cancer risks in women who have had children with different men. Cancer cases were retrieved from the Swedish Cancer Registry for 1961-1998. A total of 3 million women and 316 497 cancer cases were covered. For women having children with more than one partner, an increased risk was shown for upper aerodigestive tract, anal, liver, pancreatic, lung, cervical, other female genital, kidney and urinary bladder cancers. A decreased risk was observed for breast and endometrial cancer, and melanoma. In women who had at least three or more children with three or more partners, the increased risks were even more pronounced for pancreatic, lung and cervical cancer. Conversely, the risk for breast and endometrial cancer, and melanoma was decreased. The present results indicated that women who had children with multiple partners showed an excess of smoking-related and sexually transmitted cancers. The decreased risks for breast and endometrial cancer and for melanoma were possibly related to lifestyle factors connected with economic deprivation. The magnitude of the effects was so large that failure to consider the number of partners may introduce bias.
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PMID:Cancer risks in women who had children with different partners from the Swedish Family-Cancer Database. 1239 40

Numerous migrant studies on cancer have been carried out, but little data are available on cancer incidence upon inter-European migration. We used the nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database to analyse cancer risk among Nordic immigrants and their offspring in Sweden. The parental population had entered Sweden in their 20s and they had become parents in Sweden. Finns were the largest immigrant group including approximately 183,000 parents and 278,000 offspring. We calculated the standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) and 90 or 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for 26 cancer sites using native Swedes as a reference. Cancers in the first generation immigrants followed the rates in the countries of origin, reaching high SIRs for tobacco-related, cervical and testicular cancer among Danes and for stomach cancer among Finns. Only a few cancers, such as cervical cancer was increased in the second generation. At many sites, particularly among the Finns, protection was observed in the first generation. At three sites, breast, ovary and urinary bladder, where plausible evidence for protection was found even among offspring, this was not reinforced among the offspring of compatriot parents, which is inconsistent with heritable effects. Protection against melanoma was strongest among the offspring of compatriots, but the contribution of cultural factors cannot be excluded. As the parents immigrated to Sweden in their 20s, their cancer pattern, including habits and life style, appeared to be set before that age because the differences to Swedes persisted even in cancers that predominate in old age. Immigrant populations would appear to be attractive subjects to study etiological factors of cancer at sites where causes remain poorly understood, such as testicular cancer.
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PMID:Cancer risks in Nordic immigrants and their offspring in Sweden. 1246 Jul 88

A degree of success has been achieved in controlling several epidemics of infectious and non-infectious causes of death in countries, such as, Australia and New Zealand. Using the epidemiological triad (host, vector, environment) as a model, the key components of the control of these epidemics have been identified and compared to the current status of interventions to prevent obesity and its main disease consequence, type 2 diabetes. Reductions in mortality from tobacco, cardiovascular diseases, road crashes, cervical cancer and sudden infant death syndrome have been achieved by addressing all corners of the triad. Similarly, prevention programs have minimized the mortality from HIV AIDS and melanoma mortality rates are no longer rising. The main lessons learned from these prevention programs that could be applied to the obesity/diabetes epidemic are: taking a more comprehensive approach by increasing the environmental (mainly policy-based) initiatives; increasing the 'dose' of interventions through greater investment in programs; exploring opportunities to further influence the energy density of manufactured foods (one of the main vectors for increased energy intake); developing and communicating specific, action messages; and developing a stronger advocacy voice so that there is greater professional, public and political support for action. Successes in the other epidemics have been achieved in the face of substantial barriers within individuals, society, the private sector and government. The barriers for preventing obesity/diabetes are no less formidable, but the strategies for surmounting them have been well tested in other epidemics.
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PMID:Sustaining dietary changes for preventing obesity and diabetes: lessons learned from the successes of other epidemic control programs. 1249 53

Between 1993-1997, there were 14,023 new cases of cancer registered in Navarra. In men, the most frequently diagnosed cancers were in the following order: lung, prostate, colon and rectum, stomach and bladder, which accounted for 60% of all the cancer cases. In women the sites of breast, colon and rectum, body of uterus, stomach and ovary accounted for 57% of the total number of cases. In the same period, 1993-1997, 3,875 men and 2,332 women died of cancer. 60% of all the deaths caused by malignant tumours in men were due to the sites of lung, colon and rectum, prostate, stomach and bladder. In women the sites of breast, colon and rectum, stomach, pancreas and liver, accounted for 51% of deaths from cancer. Amongst men in Navarra there has been an important increase in the last two decades of the rates of incidence and mortality of cancers related to the habit of smoking (lung, oral cavity and pharynx or pancreas). The global risk of dying from cancer was higher in the late 90s than in the 70s and 80s. From 1995 onwards, cancer mortality advanced from second place to occupy the first place as the cause of death amongst men in Navarra. Amongst women, cardiovascular diseases continue to be the first cause of death. Amongst women the global risk of death from cancer fell by 20% between 1975 and 1997, due principally to a fall in cases of stomach cancer. Tumours related to the habit of smoking have not so far shown substantial increases amongst women in Navarra. Breast cancer has increased in recent years, although its incidence and mortality amongst women in Navarra continues to be somewhat lower than the average in the European Union and the United States. Invasive cervical cancer remains at very low rates with respect to many European countries, including Spain. In both sexes there has been an increase in colorectal cancer and melanoma, while the incidence and mortality of stomach cancer continues to fall.
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PMID:[Incidence and mortality of cancer in Navarra, 1993-1997. Tendencies in the last 25 years]. 1287 81


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