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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It has been estimated that of all new cancers diagnosed annually in the USA almost one third originate in the skin such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Much progress has been achieved in our understanding of the pathogenesis and it became clear primarily by studies of chemical carcinogenesis in murine skin that this is a stepwise process comprising at least three distinct stages: initiation, promotion, and malignant conversion or progression. This knowledge of the pathogenesis prompted to the development of chemoprevention of cancer in humans. Large clinical chemoprevention intervention studies with vitamin A, -carotene, vitamin E, and selenium are on the way. The metabolism of chemical carcinogens by cytochrome P-450 isozymes and other xenobiotica metabolizing enzymes has been proven essential in chemocarcinogenesis but it plays also a crucial role in the biotransformation of cancer themotherapeutic agents and may be of importance in influencing the efficacy as well as the side effects of these drugs in the target organ. Although our current knowledge is limited, studies of the xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in extrahepatic tissues such as the skin demonstrate that they are possible. They may be of special importance in the near future in order to design individual therapies that will avoid unwanted toxicities and enhance therapeutic effectiveness.
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PMID:[The skin as a signal organ in the development of recent cytostatic drugs and anti-tumor strategies]. 218 7

Major increases have occurred in the incidence of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, as well as in cutaneous malignant melanoma during the period 1973 through 1987 in British Columbia. The greatest increases in basal and squamous cell carcinomas are on the head and neck. This indicates that exposure to sunlight is the major causative factor. The greatest increase in melanoma is on the trunk in men and on the lower limbs in women. The dramatic increases in nonmelanoma skin cancers in British Columbia, a relatively low sunlight area, suggest that major prevention programs are needed in areas that are not considered "sunspots."
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PMID:Trends in basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma of the skin from 1973 through 1987. 221 39

A case of malignant eccrine tumor and its histological findings were reported. In this case, we considered basal cell carcinoma or malignant melanoma clinically; however, the histological features matched those of malignant eccrine tumor. It has been said that it is very difficult to determine the origin of tumors of sweat apparatus; to contribute to this ongoing dialogue, the classification of tumors of eccrine sweat apparatus was also discussed.
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PMID:Malignant eccrine tumor--a case report and a classification of tumors of eccrine sweat apparatus. 222 55

The incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer, comprising basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, was studied in Queensland during 1984. The world-standardised annual incidence rates (per 100,000 population) for the number of persons with non-melanoma skin cancer were estimated to be 1372 for men and 702 for women, the highest recorded incidence rates in the world. Rates in men were nearly double the rates in women and age-specific incidence rates increased curvilinearly with age. There were, on average, 1.4 skin cancers per person with non-melanoma skin cancer and the ratio of basal cell carcinomas to squamous cell carcinomas was approximately three to one. The age-standardised annual incidence rate (per 100,000 population) of basal cell carcinoma for residents of the Gold Coast was 1.83 times the Brisbane rate for men and 1.57 times that for women, indicating significant differences between the two regions. For squamous cell carcinoma the regional differences were not statistically significant. The average potential number of non-melanoma skin cancers (per person) treated during the lifetime of a cohort of 100,000 was estimated to be 0.014 for men and 0.009 for women by age 40. By age 65, these numbers increased to 0.22 for men and 0.11 for women. At age 90, these average numbers were 1.09 and 0.42, respectively. Although the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer is much higher in the older age groups, it should be kept in mind that it also affects the younger population; 1028 Queenslanders under 40 required treatment for 2300 non-melanoma skin cancers in 1984. This study which provides baseline information about the occurrence of non-melanoma skin cancer in Queensland emphasises the importance of developing safe sun-exposure habits, detecting non-melanoma skin cancer early and protecting and restoring the atmosphere.
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PMID:Patterns of treated non-melanoma skin cancer in Queensland--the region with the highest incidence rates in the world. 223 71

During the last 3 years, we have applied the nasalis myocutaneous island flap for reconstruction of nasal defects following excision of skin basal cell carcinoma and melanoma in 19 patients. By refinements with Z plasty, early dermabrasion, and placement of a bolster, we could minimize the trapdoor deformity, obvious scars, and blunting of the alar groove. No patients required revisional surgery, and flap survival was 100%. On the basis of our experience, the nasalis myocutaneous island flap is the solution for reconstruction of moderate-sized distal nasal defects in terms of reliability, aesthetics, and simplicity.
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PMID:Refinements of nasalis myocutaneous flap. 224 36

Malignant skin carcinomas occur in a large variety of forms, among them malignant melanoma with a poor prognosis, such as squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, appendix tumors of skin (e.g., sweat gland carcinoma, sebaceous gland carcinoma), metastatic carcinomas of skin, intraepidermal carcinomas (e.g., Bowen's disease, Paget's disease) and mesenchymal carcinomas including mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T cell lymphoma). Furthermore, not only do they present with varied clinical symptoms, some forming tumors or erythemas, some being infiltrative in nature and some being flat in shape, but the clinical symptoms also vary with time during treatment. All these conditions conspire to make the evaluation of chemotherapeutics complicated and difficult. In the field of dermatology topical drugs provide a no less powerful weapon than drugs for systemic administration with which to combat skin carcinomas and are simple and easy to administer. In consideration of those clinical and therapeutic aspects of malignant skin carcinomas new evaluation criteria for chemotherapeutics for topical and systemic administration have been established by adding three-way measurement to the conventional methods of one- and two-way measurement for measurable lesions along with the evaluation of the response of clinical symptoms to chemotherapeutics in unmeasurable carcinomas. The new version of criteria is based in its general framework on the Japan Society for Cancer Therapy's Evaluation Criteria for Chemotherapeutics for Solid Carcinomas by Koyama and Saito and the new version has been approved at the 26th general meeting of the Japan Society for Cancer Therapy (1988, Niigata).
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PMID:[Evaluation criteria for chemotherapeutics for malignant skin carcinomas]. 227 13

Malignant skin neoplasms of the auricle and peri-auricular region constitute only 6% of all skin cancers. However, rates of recurrence and metastasis are higher than for other cutaneous malignancies. Of 81 patients with malignant skin neoplasms of the auricle, 53.1% had basal cell carcinoma, 39.5% squamous cell carcinoma and 7.4% malignant melanoma. The neoplasms were 4 times more common in men (more than in other series), and more common in those of Ashkenazi origin (75% of the patients) and in the elderly (peak incidence in the 7th decade). All patients were treated surgically, and 21 were also irradiated. In 4 with cervical metastases neck dissection was performed. The recurrence rate for all neoplasms was 12.4% and the rate of metastases to regional lymph nodes from squamous cell carcinoma, 12.5%. There was a marked correlation between positive margins after surgical excision and rates of recurrence and regional metastases. Malignant skin neoplasms of the auricle should be regarded as high risk lesions which often recur and/or metastasize. Therefore, it is recommended to excise the tumors adequately so as to get negative margins, and to follow-up with careful, frequent evaluation.
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PMID:[Malignant skin neoplasms]. 228 13

The significance of chronic sun exposure in the pathogenesis of skin cancers squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and melanoma was morphologically assessed. Histological sections of 223 consecutive skin cancers were reviewed, these were stained with aldehyde fuchsin and the degree of associated solar elastosis estimated. The anatomic distribution of SCC and BCC and the SCC:BCC ratio were significantly different in the Irish population studied when compared to other major series. It was found that a significant proportion of SCCs and BCCs were not related to chronic sun exposure. As expected, only melanomas arising in lentigo maligna were associated with long-term irradiation. It is proposed that other environmental agents and genetic factors may also contribute to the high incidence of skin cancer in Ireland.
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PMID:The relationship of sun exposure and solar elastosis to skin cancer in a high risk population. 234 78

A total of 414 cases of epidermal carcinoma registered at the Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University during the years 1981 to 1985 were analysed in detail. The disease was more prevalent in males than in females. The incidence was 55.56 per cent in males and 44.44 per cent in females. At the age interval between 50 to 79, epidermal cancers were most frequently seen. Most of the patients were farmers. The patients usually came to the hospital with signs and symptoms of mass and ulcer. The histological cell types were squamous cell carcinoma (50.25%), basal cell carcinoma (34.54%), malignant melanoma (14.01%) and other (1.21%). The etiology of epidermal carcinoma is not definitely known, therefore, the possible epidemiologic etiology was briefly discussed.
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PMID:Epidermal carcinoma: a five year (1981-1985) pathological analysis at Chiang Mai University Hospital. 235 96

The effect of changes in the ozone layer on the incidence of skin cancer was explored using data for Norway. Attempts were made to arrive at a relationship between the "environmental effective UV-dose" and the skin cancer incidence. Norway is well suited for this purpose because of the large variation in the annual UV-dose from north to south. Furthermore we have a well developed cancer registry and a homogeneous population with regard to skin type. Four different regions of the country, each with a broadness of 1 degree in latitude (approximately 111 km), were selected (located around 69.5, 63.5, 60 and 58.5 degrees N). The annual effective UV-doses for these regions were calculated, assuming normal ozone conditions throughout the year and the action spectrum proposed by CIE, which extends up to 400 nm. The incidence rate (in the period 1970-1980) of malignant melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (mainly basal cell carcinoma) increased with the annual environmental UV-doses. For both these types of cancer a quadratic dose-effect relationship seems to be valid to a first approximation. The present data indicate that the incidence of skin cancer would increase by approximately 2% for each percent ozone reduction.
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PMID:Ultraviolet-radiation and skin cancer. Effect of an ozone layer depletion. 236 55


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