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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The expression of gangliosides in non-malignant tissues (epidermis and pigmented nevus) and neoplastic lesions (melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma [SCC] and basal cell carcinoma [BCS]) of the human skin was analyzed immunohistochemically and biochemically to characterize the features associated with malignancy. Immunohistochemical staining with an anti-II3NeuAc-LacCer (GM3) monoclonal antibody (M2590 mAb) and an anti-II3(NeuAc)2-LacCer (GD3) mAb (R24) showed the expression of the gangliosides GM3 and GD3 to vary among the different tissues. M2590 clearly stained epidermal keratinocytes and the tumor cells of BCC and SCC, and strongly stained melanocytes and melanoma cells. In contrast, R24 did not stain epidermal keratinocytes and only faintly stained SCC cells, while it clearly stained BCC cells, and intensely stained melanocytes and melanoma cells. GM3 showed a similar level of staining among the tissue specimens, while the level of GD3 staining was quite variable among the tumor specimens. Biochemical analysis by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with resorcinol staining and TLC immunostaining with either M2590 or R24 showed both GM3 and GD3 to be commonly expressed by both the normal and malignant skin tissues, including SCC. There was no close correlation between the intensity of immunohistochemical staining and the biochemically detected amounts of these gangliosides. This may have been partly due to the so-called cryptic expression of cell membrane gangliosides. Our results thus suggest that analysis of the tumor-associated expression of gangliosides requires several methods, since the sensitivity of the methods used may have a considerable effect on the diagnostic value of gangliosides as skin cancer markers.
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PMID:Common phenotypic expression of gangliosides GM3 and GD3 in normal human tissues and neoplastic skin lesions. 146 93

Imprint cytotechnique was employed in 20 cases of maligant skin tumours (11 squamous cell carcinoma, 4 basal cell carcinoma and 5 malignant melanoma) to evaluate the reliability of the technique by comparing the results with histologic diagnosis. In ten cases margins of the excised tumours were also subjected to imprint and histopathologic studies to assess the clearance of malignancy. All the tumours were correctly diagnosed in imprint smears. Similarly 100% cytohistopathologic correlation was also obtained in the assessment of excisional margins of the tumours. The technique of imprint cytology may be employed for quick diagnosis of skin cancers and in assessment of clearance of surgical field during surgery.
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PMID:Role of rapid imprint cytology in the diagnosis of skin cancer and assessment of adequacy of excision. 148 10

Cutaneous malignancies are the most common tumors seen in the elderly population. They are often easily diagnosed while still in an early and potentially curable state. Basal cell carcinoma is the most frequently seen malignant neoplasm, followed by squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. Correct diagnosis depends on complete physical examination of the skin by health-care personnel who have been trained to recognize these lesions and appropriate referral to dermatologists or other experts in skin cancer.
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PMID:Skin malignancies in the elderly. Diagnosable, treatable, and potentially curable. 158 83

Sun sensitivity is a major risk factor for melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Several variables have been used in epidemiologic studies to measure sun sensitivity. The present study assesses their validity and combines them to form a prediction rule for an objective measure of sun sensitivity, the minimal erythema dose of ultraviolet B radiation required to produce visibility reddened skin (MED). Participants were 116 patients with psoriasis presenting for phototherapy who completed a sun sensitivity questionnaire. Of the 14 questionnaire items evaluated, 10 were associated with the MED beyond expectation based on chance. The closest association was with the skin type (of Fitzpatrick), a 4-point scale based on historical ability to tan and susceptibility to sunburn. Color of untanned skin and hair were also independent predictors, and were included in the final prediction rule, which correlated 0.55 with MED. Combining items yields a more accurate predictor of sun sensitivity than any one or two individual response variables, and hence may be preferable for epidemiologic studies.
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PMID:Assessment of sun sensitivity by questionnaire: validity of items and formulation of a prediction rule. 158 60

Modern aspects of treatment for malignant melanoma, basalioma and cutaneous lymphomas are reviewed. Cytokines have been proposed as immunostimulants in adjuvant therapy (destruction of residual tumor) for malignant melanoma or at high doses for treatment of metastatic melanoma. Basalioma is the most common tumor of the skin, prone to recurrence because of its iceberg-like subclinical growth-pattern. Micrographic surgery is best adapted to this growth behaviour by following the extent of the tumor in all directions by special histopathologic techniques thus permitting radical excision. Primary lymphomas of the skin although rare (1 in 100,000 per year) prevail and cumulate because of the long course over years and decades. New treatment avenues have opened by topical use of phospholipids and cytostatic drugs i. e. carmustine (BCNU).
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PMID:[Current treatment methods in skin tumors]. 158 75

Balloon cell malignant melanoma (BCMM) is a rare histologic variant of malignant melanoma (MM). Thirty-four patients with BCMM from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) were studied by means of clinicopathologic correlation and histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural methods to better define this entity. The cytoplasmic features of the balloon cells observed in BCMM resemble those noticed in balloon cell nevus (BCN), but the presence of nuclear pleomorphism, atypia, and mitoses and the absence of intervening stroma help distinguish BCMM. The cells also show many histochemical, immunochemical, and ultrastructural features of conventional melanoma cells. Although it is generally believed that balloon melanoma cells represent a degenerative change, the immunohistochemical and electron microscopic findings suggest that the balloon tumor cells are most likely metabolically active melanocytic cells. Microscopically, BCMM also must be differentiated from other clear cell tumors such as clear cell sarcoma (MM of soft parts), hibernoma, xanthoma, sebaceous neoplasms, metastatic renal cell carcinoma, (malignant) clear cell acrospiroma, (malignant) granular cell tumor, granular (clear) cell basal cell carcinoma, clear cell syringoma, and atypical fibroxanthoma. The prognosis of BCMM usually correlates with the tumor thickness similar to that in other histologic types of cutaneous MM. Nineteen (57.5%) of 33 patients with adequate follow-up information died of disseminated tumors from 2 months to 12 years after the initial treatment. Six (18.2%) patients developed local recurrences: four of these patients died of metastasis and two were alive with metastatic tumor at last contact. Five (15.2%) patients were alive with metastatic tumors, and seven (21.2%) were alive without evidence of disease at last contact. Recognition of BCMM is important because of its malignant biologic behavior.
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PMID:Balloon cell malignant melanoma of the skin. A clinicopathologic study of 34 cases with histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural observations. 159 88

During the period 1957-1984 the annual age-adjusted incidence rate of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) increased by 350% for men and 440% for women in Norway. The annual exposure to carcinogenic sunlight in Norway, calculated by use of measured ozone levels, showed no increasing trend during the same period. Thus, ozone depletion is not a cause of the increasing trend of the incidence rates of skin cancers. The incidence rates of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) increase with decreasing latitude in Norway. The same is true for CMM in Norway, Sweden, and Finland. Our data were used to estimate the implications of a future ozone depletion for the incidence rates of skin cancer: a 10% ozone depletion was found to give rise to a 16-18% increase in the incidence rate of SCC (men and women), a 19% increase in the incidence rate of CMM for men and a 32% increase in the incidence rate of CMM for women. The difference between the numbers for men and women is almost significant and may be related to a different intermittent exposure pattern to sunlight of the two sexes. The increasing trend in the incidence rates of CMM is strongest for the trunk and lower extremities of women, followed by that for the trunk of men. The increasing incidence rates of skin cancers as well as the changing pattern of incidence on different parts of the body is most likely due to changing habits of sun exposure. Comparisons of relative densities of CMM, SCC, LMM and SCC falling per unit area of skin at different parts of the body indicate that sun exposure is the main cause of these cancer forms although other unknown factors may play significant roles as well. For the population as a whole sun exposure during vacations to sunny countries has so far been of minor importance in skin cancer induction.
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PMID:The relationship between skin cancers, solar radiation and ozone depletion. 161 64

Skin tumors can have an epidermal, melanocytic or mesodermal origin. Lesions frequently encountered in elderly patients include benign tumors such as seborrheic keratoses, lentigo, keratoacanthoma, epidermal cyst and sebaceous hyperplasia. Premalignant and malignant tumors that often occur in the elderly include actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. Diagnosis depends on the tumor's characteristics and morphology, although in some cases biopsy is required. Treatment depends on the character of the lesion, its location and the patient's general condition and includes curettage, cryosurgery, chemosurgery, excision and radiotherapy.
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PMID:Common skin tumors in the elderly. 162 28

The production and detailed immunostaining properties of a new rat monoclonal antibody (ICR.2) to epithelial membrane antigen are reported. The antibody was selected for its ability to compete with the polyclonal antiserum (M7), used in the original immunohistological studies, in order that it might serve as a direct replacement in diagnosing epithelial tumours. Most of the staining reactions on normal tissues were identical to those previously reported with M7 but there were some important differences. They included: positivity of renal and adrenal capsular fibroblasts, perineurium, some myoepithelial and smooth muscle cells, occasional osteoblasts and squamous and thyroid follicular epithelium in the normal state. The intercellular canaliculi of sweat glands and secretory canaliculi of gastric oxyntic cells were clearly demonstrated. These staining reactions could be obtained with M7 when a sensitive detection system was used although the results were usually weak and inconsistent. Nearly all adenosquamous and transitional carcinomas were positive. The remaining tumours fell into three major groups: (1) those which were consistently or nearly consistently negative--melanoma, seminoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma, adrenal cortical carcinoma, granulocytic sarcoma, paraganglioma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Hodgkin's disease and embryonal carcinoma: (2) those which were either negative or positive with distinctive patterns of staining--basal cell carcinoma, embryonal tumours: and (3) non-epithelial tumours that were consistently positive--epithelioid sarcoma, synovial sarcoma, osteosarcoma, chordoma and myeloma--or positive in a significant minority of cases--leiomyosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, clear cell sarcoma of tendon sheath, various neuroectodermal tumours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Detailed investigation of the diagnostic value in tumour histopathology of ICR.2, a new monoclonal antibody to epithelial membrane antigen. 169 88

Denmark has a well-established nation-wide registration system for cancer incidence and mortality. In 1984, 2984 new cases of non-melanoma skin cancer were notified to the Danish Cancer Registry and 40 deaths were attributed to this cause. An evaluation and validation of the death certificates indicate that the true number of deaths caused by non-melanoma skin cancer was 18. Basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma accounted for three and 15 of the deaths, respectively. The estimated lethality is 4.3% for squamous cell carcinoma and 0.12% for basal cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Skin cancer as a cause of death in Denmark. 176 Mar 65


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