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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer, comprising basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, was studied in Queensland during 1984. The world-standardised annual incidence rates (per 100,000 population) for the number of persons with non-melanoma skin cancer were estimated to be 1372 for men and 702 for women, the highest recorded incidence rates in the world. Rates in men were nearly double the rates in women and age-specific incidence rates increased curvilinearly with age. There were, on average, 1.4 skin cancers per person with non-melanoma skin cancer and the ratio of basal cell carcinomas to squamous cell carcinomas was approximately three to one. The age-standardised annual incidence rate (per 100,000 population) of basal cell carcinoma for residents of the Gold Coast was 1.83 times the Brisbane rate for men and 1.57 times that for women, indicating significant differences between the two regions. For squamous cell carcinoma the regional differences were not statistically significant. The average potential number of non-melanoma skin cancers (per person) treated during the lifetime of a cohort of 100,000 was estimated to be 0.014 for men and 0.009 for women by age 40. By age 65, these numbers increased to 0.22 for men and 0.11 for women. At age 90, these average numbers were 1.09 and 0.42, respectively. Although the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer is much higher in the older age groups, it should be kept in mind that it also affects the younger population; 1028 Queenslanders under 40 required treatment for 2300 non-melanoma skin cancers in 1984. This study which provides baseline information about the occurrence of non-melanoma skin cancer in Queensland emphasises the importance of developing safe sun-exposure habits, detecting non-melanoma skin cancer early and protecting and restoring the atmosphere.
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PMID:Patterns of treated non-melanoma skin cancer in Queensland--the region with the highest incidence rates in the world. 223 71

Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is rarely recorded in cancer registries and it is only relatively recently that the serious public health implications, especially in terms of morbidity and expense, have been appreciated. Increased recreational sun exposure (particularly among the young) and ozone layer depletion have generated concern in many countries. Histological confirmation of the diagnosis, either by excision biopsy or punch biopsy is essential if management of the condition is to be rational and the results assessed. Surgery or radiotherapy or other dermatological techniques will cure over 90% of all NMSC. Comparison of the results of various modalities is difficult and poorly documented. Local recurrence rates of 2.0% for surgery and 3.7% for superficial X-ray treatment (SXRT), with 96% and 90% 5-year failure-free-survival respectively are reported from the Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute. More comparative trials are required with good cosmetic and late normal tissue damage evaluation. Factors affecting modality choice trends in Australia are discussed, where the role of plastic surgery has considerably expanded. The indications for radiotherapy and its fractionation require clarification, as does the use of moulds and implants. The belief that solar keratoses transform to invasive cancer has been seriously brought into question by recent Australian epidemiological studies. There can, however, be little doubt of the fact that keratoses are markers of cumulative solar damage, which is a well recognised risk factor for development of NMSC. There is a move away from aggressive ablative treatment of keratoses. The management of keratoacanthoma (KA) by observation is the usual practice, although radiotherapy is occasionally used when the lesion is conspicuous and unsightly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer: a review of recent trends with special reference to the Australian scene. 226 29

Epidemiological studies have shown solar exposure to play an important role in the appearance of skin cancer. We investigated the association between mortality standardized by the indirect method for malignant skin melanoma and other skin cancers and the mean intensity of solar radiation during July and August for the different provinces in Spain. A statistically significant relation was observed (p less than .05) for these two months but not upon considering mean annual solar radiation. We thus suggest that intermittent, intense exposure to sunlight constitutes an important risk factor for skin cancer. We observed an 8.5% and 15.72% increase in mortality due to malignant skin melanoma and other skin cancers, respectively, during the period 1975-1983. Mortality was slightly higher among males than females.
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PMID:Trends in malignant skin melanoma and other skin cancers in Spain, 1975-1983, and their relation to solar radiation intensity. 226 88

A study has been made of lower limb amputation statistics from morbidity data from the State Health Departments in New South Wales, Queensland, and Western Australia. The incidence of lower limb amputation in these three States was 22.6 in 1981, 22.5 in 1983, and 23.6 in 1984. Incidence was lowest in New South Wales and highest in Western Australia. Below-knee amputation was more common than above-knee except in Western Australia in the years 1981 and 1983. Males had slightly more amputations than females. Incidence increased steadily with age, rising rapidly after 55 years. Vascular disease was the most common cause of major amputation. Of malignancies, skin cancers, both malignant melanoma and other forms, were causes of major and minor amputations in addition to bone malignancies. These three Australian States have a lower incidence of amputation than the United Kingdom or Finland.
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PMID:Lower limb amputation in three Australian states. 226 83

Skin cancer has become a major source of illness and death in Australia. Recent advances in the early detection of skin cancer and in its treatment have significantly altered management, particularly of melanoma. Evidence that a high proportion of all skin cancers and most life-threatening skin cancers arise on the normally protected areas of the trunk and limbs has underlined the need for complete skin examination as a part of the care of long term patients in general practice.
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PMID:The management of early skin cancer in the 90s. 227 Sep 95

In most calculations of annual fluences of carcinogenic light as well as of the radiation amplification factor and of biological amplification factors associated with ozone depletions, the radiation is assumed to fall on a horizontally oriented plane surface. This is obviously a bad approximation of the surface of the human body. In order to evaluate the importance of using a realistic geometric representation of the surface of the human body we here present calculations of the flux of carcinogenically effective radiation falling on three different bodies: a vertically standing cylinder, a sphere and a horizontally oriented surface. The exposure to carcinogenic radiation depends strongly on the surface geometry. However we find that the radiation amplification factors are almost independent of the surface geometry chosen. The biological amplification factors for the three geometrical representations are also similar to within 20%. The total amplification factor for the increase in the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer related to ozone depletion is about 17% larger when a cylindrical representation is used compared to when a plane horizontal surface is considered.
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PMID:Annual exposures to carcinogenic radiation from the sun at different latitudes and amplification factors related to ozone depletion. The use of different geometrical representations of the skin surface receiving the ultraviolet radiation. 228 33

Malignant skin neoplasms of the auricle and peri-auricular region constitute only 6% of all skin cancers. However, rates of recurrence and metastasis are higher than for other cutaneous malignancies. Of 81 patients with malignant skin neoplasms of the auricle, 53.1% had basal cell carcinoma, 39.5% squamous cell carcinoma and 7.4% malignant melanoma. The neoplasms were 4 times more common in men (more than in other series), and more common in those of Ashkenazi origin (75% of the patients) and in the elderly (peak incidence in the 7th decade). All patients were treated surgically, and 21 were also irradiated. In 4 with cervical metastases neck dissection was performed. The recurrence rate for all neoplasms was 12.4% and the rate of metastases to regional lymph nodes from squamous cell carcinoma, 12.5%. There was a marked correlation between positive margins after surgical excision and rates of recurrence and regional metastases. Malignant skin neoplasms of the auricle should be regarded as high risk lesions which often recur and/or metastasize. Therefore, it is recommended to excise the tumors adequately so as to get negative margins, and to follow-up with careful, frequent evaluation.
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PMID:[Malignant skin neoplasms]. 228 13

Although screening for melanoma/skin cancer is theoretically of value, few data are available to evaluate its effectiveness or the value of a visual exam by a dermatologist as a cancer screening tool. From the 2560 persons screened for melanoma/skin cancer in Massachusetts in 1986 and 1987, the authors followed the positive screenees to determine their final diagnosis. The authors obtained information on 85% of these persons, and found nine malignant melanomas, 91 non-melanoma skin cancers, 39 dysplastic nevi, and three congenital nevi. The sensitivity of the visual exam by a dermatologist was 89% to 97% and the predictive value positive was 35% to 75% for skin cancer. The authors conclude that the yield of screening is equivalent to that of other major cancer screening efforts and that the sensitivity and predictive value of the visual examination by the dermatologist is appropriate for a cancer screening tool.
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PMID:Evaluation of melanoma/skin cancer screening in Massachusetts. Preliminary results. 229 61

A population-based epidemiological study of non-melanoma skin cancer incidence was carried out over 6 months in an area of South Wales. A much higher incidence than expected of nonmelanoma skin cancer was found with crude annual rates per 100,000 population of 137.7 for basal cell carcinomas and 35.8 for squamous cell carcinomas, giving a combined rate of 173.5. When age was adjusted to the standardized world population the corresponding rates were 83.1, 19.0 and 102.1. Males were affected more than females and the ratio of basal cell carcinomas to squamous cell carcinomas was 4:1. These figures are at least 60% higher than previous estimates of the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer in the U.K. There may be a higher incidence in this area because of the indigenous Celtic population, but there is almost certainly a substantial under-recording of non-melanoma skin cancers throughout the U.K.
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PMID:Incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer in West Glamorgan, South Wales. 232 1

Malignant melanoma affects all age groups, but its highest age-specific incidence is in the elderly. Early diagnosis depends on the ability to identify potential precursor lesions and subtle changes in melanocytic nevi indicative of malignant degeneration. Familiarity with the clinical appearance of the common benign pigmented lesions is essential to minimize unnecessary biopsy procedures. Certain clues aid the differential diagnosis and enhance early recognition, which is presently the most effective means of reducing both the morbidity and mortality from this most ominous of skin cancers.
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PMID:Pigmented skin lesions in the elderly: considerations in the differential diagnosis. 233 77


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