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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There is scientific evidence that stratospheric ozone concentration has declined over the Northern Hemisphere in the past 20 years, and projections based on various assumptions about future release of chlorofluorocarbon gases and other contaminants suggest that this decline will continue into the next century. The effects on human health secondary to increase in biologically effective ultraviolet radiation are expected to consist of increases in nonmelanoma skin cancer and malignant melanoma of the skin, possible alteration of immune response, and development of lens cataracts. The recent and projected increases in skin cancer and changes in human immune responses are discussed.
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PMID:Potential health effects of climatic change: effects of increased ultraviolet radiation on man. 182 Feb 63

In populations with non-HIV immunodeficiency, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and soft tissue sarcoma, especially Kaposi's sarcoma, are the most prominent tumours, but Hodgkin's disease, gastric carcinoma, squamous cell skin cancer, malignant melanoma, hepatoma, myeloid leukaemia and/or colorectal carcinoma have been linked in various studies. Population based cancer registries and cohort studies of HIV infected persons have generally failed to detect HIV related increases in total cancer incidence or in specific tumours other than non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma; however, associations with anal carcinoma, hepatoma and Hodgkin's disease have been suggested by some studies. Although not indicating increased risk, HIV induced immunosuppression has been linked to an acceleration of cervical and anal neoplasia and to increased aggressiveness of Hodgkin's disease with a relative excess of the mixed cellularity type. Advances in treatment for HIV infection will delay progression to AIDS and may allow an altered natural history to emerge, including the occurrence of excesses of additional cancer types.
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PMID:HIV infection and cancers other than non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma. 182 20

As the result of a dramatic increase in the incidence of skin cancer and the need for effective outpatient surgical treatment, dermatology is now a surgical as well as a medical specialty, and many procedures are commonly performed on an outpatient basis. Mohs micrographic surgery is used to remove basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, and the resulting cure rates are high. Excisional biopsy can facilitate the early diagnosis of melanoma, while it is still in clinical stage I. Carbon dioxide lasers are commonly used to destroy epidermal lesions and yellow light lasers to destroy hemangiomas or other vascular malformations. Facial chemical peel (chemexfoliation) with trichloroacetic acid can improve the appearance of photoaged skin.
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PMID:Office dermatologic surgery and laser therapy. 186 43

Treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer of the nose and ear is often complicated. In the article is described combination treatment with thorough curettage and cryosurgery of 125 tumours, 98 of the nose and 27 of the ear, with no recurrence during a mean follow-up of 25 months.
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PMID:[Curettage and cryosurgery as a safe method for treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer of the nose and ear]. 173 63

Case-controlled and cohort analyses of the possible effect of oral contraceptive (OC) use on skin cancers are reviewed. The possibility that OCs may increase risk of skin neoplasms is suggested by the doubling in prevalence of skin malignancies in among whites every 10-15 years, the occurrence of hyperpigmentation in pregnancy, and the reports that pregnancy may accelerate the course of existing melanoma. The lesions of concern are benign melanocytic nevi, or moles, and malignant melanoma. Nevi are risk factors for melanoma. Pregnancy increases synthesis of melanin, but does not cause numbers of melanocytes to increase. Pregnancy is known to induce mild atypia in nevi, but not to increase their numbers significantly. Nor does OC use increase numbers of nevi. Case reports on whether pregnancy enhances development of malignant melanoma, and whether such lesions have estrogen receptors are contradictory. There is no evidence from cancer registries in the US, Canada, Scandinavia or Europe that the incidence or mortality from melanoma in women relative to men has risen with the introduction of OCs. In 9 case-control studies, relative risks for OC users was 1 in 4 studies, equal to 1 in 2, and 1 in 3. The studies as a group suffer from lack of definition of phenotype (susceptibility to moles) or sun exposure, as well as different definitions of types of skin cancers. 2 large cohort studies each found 20 cases, again with unknown confounding variables of phenotype and sun exposure. Thus while even a small increase in melanoma, a cancer fatal in 30% of cases with rising incidence, would be important for public health, there is no coherent evidence that pill use enhances risk of skin cancer.
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PMID:The association of oral contraception with kidney cancer, colon cancer, gallbladder cancer (including extrahepatic bile duct cancer) and pituitary tumours. 186 37

Nonmelanoma skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States. The incidence of melanoma is increasing more rapidly than any other form of cancer (with the exception of lung cancer in women). Public education programs have the potential to prevent future skin cancers and promote early detection of skin cancer and melanoma. This article describes a statewide awareness campaign and outlines important nursing activities and educational resources. Among results of a pre- and postevaluation poll are an increase in the number of respondents correctly identifying melanoma as the most serious type of skin cancer and an increase in the number of respondents who stated that sunburn in children was very serious.
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PMID:Skin cancer and melanoma awareness campaign. 189 21

The initial presentation and diagnosis of an aviator with a pigmented skin lesion. The epidemiology of the skin cancer epidemic, including melanoma is discussed. Prognostic implications of melanoma and the U.S. Air Force experience with melanoma in aircrew are also depicted.
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PMID:Cases from the aerospace medicine residents' teaching file. Case #45. An aviator with a pigmented skin lesion. 189 9

The ABCD's are easy-to-remember guidelines to help differentiate between normal and suspicious skin lesions. Tips for assessing the skin and a discussion of the characteristics of nonmelanoma and melanoma lesions are included. Measures to help prevent skin cancer are also discussed.
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PMID:ABCD's of assessing skin lesions. 193 May 93

During 1991, an estimated 109,000 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in Canada (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer). Estimated cancer deaths in 1991 will total 56,700. Excluding non- melanoma skin cancer, over one in three Canadians will develop some form of cancer during their lifetime, while one in four men and one in five women will die from this disease. These statistics are discussed, as well as cancer risk factors, cancer in children, age and sex distribution of cancer, cancer survival rates, trends in cancer incidence and mortality since 1970, smoking and lung cancer, and cancer among the Inuit and Indians.
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PMID:Canadian Cancer Statistics 1991. 193 89

In part because of the increased public awareness regarding skin cancer, patients are presenting to their physician with thinner melanomas. Many lesions are now found in the in situ phase. The vast majority of melanomas referred to or diagnosed in the Skin Oncology Program at Boston University are less than 2 mm in thickness. In the increasingly uncommon situation of thicker lesions, the standard 3-cm margin excision continues to be performed until clinical trials indicate that lesser margins are safe. Definitive surgery is only part of the physician's responsibility in caring for the patient with melanoma. These patients need to be followed up on a regular basis for life, because of the long latent period for risk of metastasis and to facilitate early detection of new primary melanomas.
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PMID:Surgical management of stage I malignant melanoma. 193 40


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