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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There are many quantitative changes of serum protein and immunoglobulin fractions in patients with cancer of various sites, excluding those with leukemic and lymphoproliferative disorders. The commonest change in serum proteins of patients with neoplastic disease is a reduction in albumin concentration and elevation of alpha globulins, especially alpha-2 fraction. Immunoglobulins (IgG, A,M) are a heterogenous group of proteins contained in the gamma, beta, and alpha-2 electrophoretic fractions of serum proteins. The IgG was found to be significantly increased in patients with cancer of the skin and lung, but decreased in patients with cancer of the prostate and breast. Serum IgM was reported to be elevated in patients with sarcoma, melanoma, brain tumors, but decreased in patients with carcinoma of the ovary. Serum IgA was found to be elevated in patients with cancer of epithelial secretory organs, such as skin, breast, head and neck, lung, gut, prostate, and uterine cervix. Whether these findings reflect specific changes of the humoral arm of tumor-host interaction remains to be investigated.
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PMID:Quantitative change of serum protein and immunoglobulin in patients with solid cancers. 6 75

Sunlight causes more cancers in man than does any other known carcinogen. Studies in this country more than 20 years ago implicating ultra-violet light as a factor in the aetiology of malignant melanoma are being ratified by epidemiologic studies in the United States. In the US, the death rate from melanoma has doubled in the last 15 years. Australian cancer registries have shown this to be so (from recorded deaths in capital city registries) for at least two decades. Figures for prevalence and incidence are not available for the non-melanoma epidermal cancers. Routine application of effective topical sunscreens could feasibly reduce the incidence of skin cancers and other skin disorders associated with chronic insolation. Oral photoprotectants are in their infancy, but show promise.
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PMID:Sense in the sun. 30 Oct 23

There has been a sixfold increase in the incidence of malignant melanoma in the State of Connecticut during the past forty years. Superimposed on a steady incidence rise are cycles of markedly increased incidence rates which follow periods of maximum sunspot activity. We propose that the effect of sunspot cycles on human melanoma occurrence is mediated by modulation of stratospheric ozone and thus indirectly affects UV flux at the earth's surface. This hypothesis would predict a time lag in melanoma incidence cycles, relative to sunspot activity, with increasing distance from polar caps. This appears to be the case. The increase in melanoma incidence related to a given reduction in ozone depletion in this hypothesis, is in great excess of existing models relating anthropogenic ozone depletion and skin cancer.
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PMID:Solar cycles and malignant melanoma. 45 67

Women who had used oral contraceptives, particularly long-term users, were found to have higher rates of malignant melanoma and of a past history of skin cancer than those who had never used oral contraceptives. This excess was confined to lesions of the lower limb. The association between oral contraceptive use and melanoma was noted in 3 separate sets of data, although it was statistically significant only in one. The possibility that this relationship is indirect because, for example, oral contraceptive users are more likely than never-users to be exposed to sunlight and thus to develop malignant melanoma, cannot be excluded.
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PMID:Malignant melanoma and oral contraceptive use among women in California. 59 78

Ozone levels were rising during the period 1951 to 1972 and resulted in decreased levels of solar ultraviolet radiation reaching sea level. Analysis of the records of skin cancers for Bristol and Oxford in England showed that during the first decade of this period incidence and mortality for the skin carcinomas, basal cell and squamous cell, fell in line with theory; but both incidence and mortality for melanoma inexplicably rose. Figures for the second decade show that the data were dominated by trends other than those possibly attributable to ozone change.
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PMID:Effect of ozone variation on disease in Great Britain: I. Skin cancer. 63 12

We suggest that aggressive clinical tumor behavior correlates with the presence of squamous differentiation and with irregularities in the peripheral palisading of basal cell carcinomas. The concept of non-melanoma skin cancer being a basosquamous continuum may help in formulating a method for prognosis in patients who had removed tumors with a pathologist's report of a "positive margin."
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PMID:Host-tumor relationships in basal cell and squamous cell cancer of the skin. 66 63

Cancers of the skin are not properly registered and our lack of precise knowledge of the influence of environmental factors is due both to a failure to report and a failure to attribute because many tumours are not recognised as due to environmental factors and escape notification due to lack of knowledge and teaching. The long latent period also interferes. The commonest cancer is squamous cell carcinoma followed by basal cell carcinoma. Melanoma is exceedingly rarely environmental. The main causative agents are: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), inorganic arsenic and ionising radiation. PAH induce 4 times more cancer of the scrotum in workers using cutting oils or pitch than expected. These subjects have also increased incidence of second primaries of both the skin and internal organs. The latent period varies from 20 years (exposure to coal tar) to 50 years or more (exposure to mineral oils). Exposure to pitch may result in 11 fold increase incidence of squamous cell carcinoma. Skin cancer due to arsenic is rare. It has been seen in sheep dip workers, in patients treated with Fowler's solution and in vineyard workers using arsenical pesticides and drinking contaminated wine. The latent period may go up to 60 years. Ionising radiation over 1,000 rems may cause basal and squamous cell carcinoma. The latent period varies from 7 weeks to 56 years (average 25--30 yrs).
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PMID:Influence of environmental factors excluding ultra violet radiation on the incidence of skin cancer. 71 79

The history and origin of the science of photobiology are reviewed. Interest in the biologic effects of light gradually increased, beginning with the discovery of ultraviolet and infrared radiation early in the 19th century. The basis of experimental photobiology was laid by the studies of Raab and Tappeiner on photodynamic action and the early uses of phototherapy by Finsen and Dorno. The discovery of the association of porphyrins with some light-related skin diseases and of the capability of chemical agents such as coal tar and bergamot to induce phototoxic contact dermatitis resulted in a flurry of clinical investigations leading to better understanding of the processes of phototoxicity and photoallergy. The early epidemiologic studies of Unna and Dubreuilh relating solar radiation exposure to the formation of actinic keratoses and non-melanoma skin cancer were experimentally confirmed in animals by Findlay, Roffo, and Blum. In the most recent quarter century (1950-1975), cellular and molecular photobiology has been refined. The studies on photochemistry of nucleic acid and of damage and repair mechanisms in DNA have set the stage for understanding the basic processes of biologic effects of light and promise the development of useful applications of specifically directed phototherapy and prevention of such light-induced diseases as skin cancer.
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PMID:Cutaneous photobiology: past, present and future. 77 94

That sunlight leads to skin cancer has been generally accepted for nearly a century. Physical data are, for the first time, available which support this hypothesis. The authors have found that a simple power relationship can be used to describe the data and that the form of this power function suggests that the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer is related to cumulative lifetime ultraviolet (UV) exposure and that the risk of melanoma skin cancer is related to annual UV exposure. The authors emphasize that skin cancer risk also depends on location-specific demographic variables other than ultraviolet radiation.
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PMID:Mathematical models of age and ultraviolet effects on the incidence of skin cancer among whites in the United States. 86 Jul 5

A review of the population-based New Mexico Tumor Registry data identified 446 patients with nonsimultaneous multiple primary cancers, excluding non-melanoma skin cancers and carcinomas in situ of the uterine cervix. Expected numbers of cases were established by observing the person-years of exposure to the risk of developing a second or subsequent primary cancer and then applying the appropriate locally determined age-, sex-, ethnic-, and site-specific cancer incidence rates. The relative risk (observed/expected) of developing a second primary cancer was elevated for "Anglo" and Spanish American cancer patients in comparison with the risk of developing a first primary cancer in persons who have never had one. Only six cases of nonsimultaneous multiple primary cancer were observed (6.39 expected) in the region's American Indian population. There were differences in site-site associations among the three ethnic groups, but in many categories there were too few cases for analysis.
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PMID:Multiple primary cancers: relative risk in New Mexico's triethnic population. 90 83


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