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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human melanoma cells were examined in an indirect membrane immunofluorescence assay for surface nerve growth factor (NGF) and NGF receptors. This assay revealed that human melanoma cells have various levels of NGF and NGF receptors on the plasma membrane, whereas a variety of human sarcoma and carcinoma tumor cells and normal human fibroblasts are negative. Surface NGF could be detected on melanoma cells with a rabbit antiserum directed to NGF at titers as high as 1:64; prior adsorption of this antibody with mouse 2.5S NGF resulted in a loss of fluorescence. The melanoma cells were positive whether or not they were grown in the presence of fetal calf serum. NGF production by human melanomas is a previously unrecognized property of this differentiated cell type. Although other cells in culture have been shown to produce NGF, the association of NGF production with the presence of NGF receptors on the cell surface is rare among tumor cells, and may represent an opportunity for "autostimulation" of melanoma cells by this growth factor.
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PMID:Human melanoma cells have both nerve growth factor and nerve growth factor-specific receptors on their cell surfaces. 37 35

A soluble fraction of particulate glucan was prepared and evaluated for its anti-tumor and anti-bacterial activity. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis indicated that the soluble preparation was composed of a variety of polyglucoses. Intravenous administration of soluble or particulate glucan resulted in significant reductions in the growth of a syngeneic anaplastic mammary carcinoma and melanoma B16. Survival data demonstrated that intravenous administration of soluble or particulate glucan prolonged survival of A/J and C57BL/6J mice with subcutaneous tumor implants. As regards to bacterial infections, soluble and particulate glucan decreased renal necrosis in S. aureus challenged mice as compared to control mice. Although the exact nature of the active soluble fraction(s) of glucan remains to be delineated, these studies demonstrate that a soluble glucan preparation exhibits significant anti-tumor and anti-staphylococcal activity. The active soluble fraction of particulate glucan may be preferable to particulate glucan in view of the inherent ease of parenteral administration.
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PMID:Comparative tumor-inhibitory and anti-bacterial activity of soluble and particulate glucan. 39 98

Twelve human tumors were cultivated in vitro by the trypsinization technique and 3 cell lines were established. Each of these 3 lines showed individual characteristics which were maintained during passages. After inoculation into nude mice, 2 lines induced tumors which possessed the histologic features of the original human tumors (melanoma and carcinoma of stomach), the other line derived from a breast carcinoma was rejected.
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PMID:[Establishment and characterization of 3 human cell lines derived from intracerebral metastatic tumors]. 40 38

Immunoglobulins were isolated by affinity chromatography from sera of two patients with melanoma, one with sarcoma, and one with carcinoma. The affinity columns were prepared by covalently linking the membrane-rich fraction of biopsied melanoma cells to cyanogen bromide-activated agarose beads. The membrane-rich fractions were prepared by two methods: (a) hypotonic cell lysis, and (b) homogenization and differential centrifugation. Melanoma sera were autologous to melanoma membrane preparations. The isolated immunoglobulins showed immunoreactivity against antigens prepared from melanoma, sarcoma, and carcinoma cells by complement fixation but not against antigens prepared from normal human liver and lung tissues. Absorption of the isolated immunoglobulins with rabbit anti-human immunoglobulin immunobeads resulted in complete elimination of the complement-fixing antibody titer in one instance, whereas reduction occurred in other samples. Similar absorption with rabbit anti-human immunoglobulin M immunobeads resulted in reduction, but not complete elimination, of the antibody titers against target tumor cell preparations. These results suggest the presence of immunoreactive immunoglobulin G in all immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin M in some. Absorption of the isolated immunoglobulins with cultured sarcoma cells reduced but did not completely abolish antibody activity against autologous or allogeneic melanoma target antigen, whereas it did completely abolish activity against sarcoma target antigen. However, absorption with cultured allogeneic melanoma cells abolished the antibody activity against melanoma as well as sarcoma target antigens. The antibody titers of the isolated immunoglobulins were not affected by absorption with cultured lymphoblastoid cells. Since cultured melanoma and sarcoma cells were known to contain oncofetal antigen(s), these results suggest that the isolated immunoglobulins from cancer sera by melanoma membrane affinity chromatography were of at least two specificities: (a) antioncofetal; and (b) antitumor associated. The former group may be comprised of antibody to cross-reactive antigens associated with different histological types of tumors. However, it was apparent that a portion of the antibody activity was against common tumor-associated antigen(s). These results provide further evidence for the presence of common antigen(s) associated with biopsy specimens of human malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Isolation and immunochemical characterization of antibodies from the sera of cancer patients which are reactive against human melanoma cell membranes by affinity chromatography. 42 6

Review of the literature discloses 76 cases of carcinoma metastatic to the palatine tonsil. Of these cases reported or mentioned, 51 were detailed sufficiently or occurred frequently enough to allow analysis. We add two new cases of hypernephroma, and also study the courses of patients with primaries of the stomach, breast, lung and melanoma and seminoma. Bilateral tonsilar involvement is found to be very common in melanoma and not uncommon in seminoma and adenocarcinomas of the stomach and breast. It is uncommon for bronchogenic carcinoma and hypernephroma to metastasize to both palatine tonsils. When laterality is present the left tonsil is more commonly involved than the right, except by melanoma. Regarding neoplastic involvement of the primary organ, the left side gives rise to malignancies more often than the right side. Only seminoma has a high incidence of other metastases. The mean time interval between development of the primary and the tonsillar secondary is one year or less in seminomas, bronchogenic carcinomas and adenocarcinomas of the stomach, but 2 1/2 years or more for adenocarcinomas of the breast and kidney and melanomas. The mean time of survival after appearance of the tonsillar metastasis is nine months or less, regardless of the cell type of the primary malignancy.
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PMID:Hypernephroma metastatic to the palatine tonsils. 44 18

A new model is presented for the study of the effects of supranormal temperatures on human tumors in vivo. Human tumors heterotransplanted serially in nude mice were heated in vivo by means of local radio-frequency heating. A lung carcinoma, a breast carcinoma, a colon carcinoma, and a malignant melanoma were studied. The tumors were transplanted s.c. in the inguinal area or under the kidney capsule of adult nude mice. The s.c. tumors were heated for 30 min. Temperatures of 43--44 degrees C were reached in the surrounding normal tissues, whereas in the center of the tumor temperatures of 46--49 degrees C were recorded. In 11 of 16 randomized pairs of mice, the growth of the tumor treated by hyperthermia was inhibited by 75% or more as compared with the growth of the untreated tumor control. No mortality and only temporary damage to skin and muscle were observed. The kidney tumors were also treated for 30 min, but it was possible to reach only 40 degrees C in the abdomen. Seventy-five % mortality was observed. Of seven randomized pairs evaluated, five exhibited a reduction of growth varying from 37 to 63%9 The model proposed appears to be a workable and promising one, especially for s.c. growing tumors.
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PMID:Hyperthermic treatment of human tumors heterotransplanted in nude mice. 44 23

854 lesions involving the eye and adnexa in the Sudan were studied as regards their frequency, sex and age incidence, site, pathologic types and geographic and racial distribution. Of 279 primary malignant tumors (frequency ratio 4.3%), conjunctival squamous carcinoma was the commonest (50.4%) while retinoblastoma formed 20.8%, basal cell carcinoma 6.1% and malignant melanoma 4.6%. Conjunctival carcinoma and allied epithelial lesions occurred much more predominently in Northern than in Southern Sudan and no basal cell carcinoma of the eyelids was recorded in the latter. Retinoblastoma and melanoma showed certain tribal predilections. Most cases of Burkitt's lymphoma occurred in Southern Sudan. It is concluded that geographic and racial factors play important roles in determining the frequency and pattern of eye neoplasms in the Sudan.
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PMID:Tumors of the eye and adnexa in the Sudan. 45 54

Vindesine is a new vinca alkaloid with broad-spectrum antineoplastic activity in experimental tumor models. Phase-I studies have shown that a weekly dosage regimen of 3--4 mg/m2 IV produces manageable toxicity, with leukopenia and peripheral neuropathy being dose-limiting. Two hundred seventy-five patients have been enlisted in Phase-II trials at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Major objective responses (complete and partial remissions) were seen in bronchogenic carcinomas, melanoma, testicular carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, acute lymphocytic leukemia, malignant lymphoma (Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's) and Wilms' tumor. Patients with hematologic and germ cell neoplasms were treated on a daily administration schedule (1.0--1.3 mg/m2 IV for 5--7 days). Vindesine was well tolerated, with less than 5% of patients having a WBC nadir of less than 1000 cells/mm3 and with a platelet-sparing effect noted. Dose-related peripheral neuropathy occurred frequently and was generally mild to moderate in degree. Vindesine appears to be an active agent whose role will be further defined by completion of ongoing trials.
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PMID:Vindesine. A review of phase-II trials. 45 87

Brain hemorrhage from an intracranial tumor was encountered in 7 males and 6 females during a 4-year period. In 5 patients, hemorrhage was responsible for the first signs of a previously unsuspected neoplasm. The intracranial lesion was demonstrated by computed tomography (CT scanning) in each patient. Characteristic CT scan findings included: a neoplastic core (high or low density); small, multifocal clots usually at the margin of the tumor; and, surrounding, often extensive, edema. Enhancement of the tumor tissue with intravenous injection of 60% Hypaque was observed in the 8 patients so studied. The regions which were enhanced had a peripheral distribution corresponding to the site of hemorrhage. Microscopic examination demonstrated 7 glioblastoma multiforme, 1 oligodendroglioma, 4 metastatic carcinomas (including 1 each of bronchogenic carcinoma, melanoma, hypernephroma, and adrenal carcinoma), and 1 hemangiopericytoma. High-grade malignancy and extensive, abnormal vascularity appeared to be predisposing factors.
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PMID:Brain hemorrhage from intracranial tumor. 46 14

Efficacy of oral administration of BCG on the growth of various tumors in mice and guinea pigs was studied. The growth-inhibitory effect varied depending on the tumor systems and the experimental conditions. Weekly oral administrations with 5-mg doses of BCG to mice or 80-mg doses of BCG to guinea pigs were ineffective on syngeneic mouse melanoma B16 or syngeneic guinea pig hepatocarcinoma line-10 but effective on syngeneic mouse carcinoma IMC and syngeneic guinea-pig fibrosarcoma H9A. Oral BCG seemed effective also on allogeneic mouse carcinoma Ehrlich, developed with a relatively small size of tumor cell inoculum, and on guinea-pig syngeneic liposarcoma H10. On Ehrlich tumors, oral BCG given once a week seemed to have better effects than did oral BCG given twice a week or subcutaneously once or repeatedly; heat-killed BCG given orally showed no effect. However, it seems premature to draw a definite conclusion on the efficacy of oral BCG on Ehrlich and H10 tumors, because some of these tumors regressed spontaneously even in nontreated control animals. The host responses to oral BCG were studied with the following results. Weekly oral administration with 80-mg doses of BCG to guinea pigs elicited positive skin reactions to 25 TU PPD in about 65 days after the first BCG, while a single sc injection of 8 mg of BCG did so within 10 days. Orally administered BCG organisms were recovered largely from Peyer's patches, a little from the mesenteric lymph nodes, and very little from the liver and the spleen. The BCG distributive pattern was in reverse order when BCG was given subcutaneously. Histologic examinations of Peyer's patches indicated enlargement of germinal centers, in which primitive reticular cells proliferated prominently and the macrophages with tingible bodies scattered frequently.
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PMID:Immunotherapeutic trials of murine and guinea-pig solid tumors by oral administration of BCG. 47 Feb 20


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