Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tumor cell fractions isolated from tumor lines SH-3 (breast carcinoma) and RPMI-7932 (malignant melanoma) by differential centrifugations were capable of transforming lymphocytes into cytotoxic effector cells. Lymphocytes cultured alone in human AB plasma did not become cytotoxic to tumor cells. However, when cultured with tumor cell fractions sedimented at 1000 X g(R1), 20,000 X g(R2), and 100,000 X g(R3), these lymphocytes became markedly cytotoxic to specific tumor targets in a 3.5-hr (51)Cr release assay. R2 fractions were significantly more immunogenic than were R3 fractions (p less than 0.05). Although lymphocytes sensitized with SH-3 tumor cell fractions were cytotoxic to SH-3 tumor cells, they were also cytotoxic to cells from RPMI-7932 and RPMI-8322 (malignant melanoma) tumor lines and vice versa. Cells from tumor lines HT-29 (colon carcinoma) and COLO 110 (ovary carcinoma) were significantly less susceptible to lysis by effector cells generated against SH-3. These immune cells, although capable of killing cells from tumor lines, were not able to lyse cells from autochthonous normal lymphoid lines or normal lymphocytes that have been transformed by phytohemagglutinin. Tumor cell fractions were not immunogenic at low (5- to 20-mul/0.75 ml) concentrations; an increase of 4- to 10- fold in their concentrations was usually followed by a decrease in immunization.
Cancer Res 1977 Dec
PMID:In vitro immunization against human tumor cells with tumor cell fractions. 7

CEA-like antigen has been detected on the surface of some melanoma cells using a rabbit antiserum raised against CEA antigen in 51Cr-release leucocyte-dependent cytotoxic-antibody (LDA) assays. The CEA antigen used for production of the antiserum was shown to be immunologically pure by immunoelectrophoresis procedures and reacted with a reference serum to CEA. The specificity of the CEA antiserum for CEA on the melanoma cells was further shown by removal of reactivity to melanoma cells after absorption on CEA affinity columns. LDA activity to CEA was also shown in a serum taken during pregnancy. No CEA LDA activity was found in several melanoma sera. These findings suggest that CEA may have biological significance in tumour rejection, and that CEA assays may be of value in monitoring disease activity in melanoma patients.
Br J Cancer 1977 Oct
PMID:Detection of carcinoembryonic-like antigen on melanoma cells by leucocyte-dependent-antibody assays. 7 78

Melanoma-associated antigens (MAA) were isolated and their functional immunologic properties were evaluated. Spent fetal calf serum-free culture media and 3-m KCI extracts of cultured human melanoma cells grown in this medium were used as antigen sources. Ultracentrifugal flotation on KBr was used to separate MAA and HLA antigens present in the extracts or spent culture media; thus interference by histocompatibility antigens was prevented in subsequent tests of tumor antigenic activity. MAA purified in this manner retained their immunologic functions as evidenced by their ability to produce delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions in patients with melanoma, specifically combine with antimelanoma xenoantibody, and elicit production of functionally specific xenoantibody. Possible structural differences between HLA antigens and MAA were considered in evaluation of the data.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1978 Apr
PMID:Purification and immunologic evaluation of human melnoma-associated antigens. 7 78

Crude membrane (CM) extracts from three different cultured human melanoma lines that were "virus-augmented" (infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and subsequently inactivated by ultraviolet light) produced positive skin tests in 17 of 20 (85%), 11 of 20 (55%), and 13 of 18 (72%) tests, respectively, performed in 20 melanoma patients. Identical CM extracts from the same melanoma lines that had not been infected with VSV gave positive skin tests in 2 of 20 (10%), 4 of 20 (20%), and 2 of 18 (11%) tests, respectively, performed in the 20 melanoma patients, and no positive tests in the control patients. The 3 virus-augmented extracts were positive in only 2 of 18 (11%), 0 of 18 (0%), and 1 of 17 (6%) control subjects, respectively. The controls consisted of six normal volunteers and 12 patients with cancers other than melanoma. The "virus-augmented" CM extracts thus exhibited markedly greater sensitivity without significant loss of specificity as compared to nonvirus augmented extracts when used as tumor-specific melaonma skin test antigens.
Cancer 1978 May
PMID:Melanoma skin test antigens of improved sensitivity prepared from vesicular stomatitis virus-infected tumor cells. 7 81

Twenty-nine patients with metastatic malignant melanoma were treated with cyclocytidine, 240 mg/m2/day sc for 10 days. All partients had received extensive prior chemotherapy. Only one patient achieved a partial remission; the overall response rate (complete plus partial) was 4%. Unusual toxic effects associated with cyclocytidine chemotherapy included the delayed onset of thrombocytopenia, orthostatic hypotension, and jaw pain.
Cancer Treat Rep 1978 Mar
PMID:Cyclocytidine chemotherapy for malignant melanoma. 7 91

The electrophoretic mobility test (EMT) is an in vitro assay for demonstrating cellular immunity. In the presence of tumor antigens lymphocytes of tumor patients liberate lymphokines, which reduce the charge of indicator particles resulting in a measurable reduction of their eletrophoretic mobility. Lymphocytes of 174 patients were tested by EMT. The antigens used were a basic myelin protein termed encephalitogenic factor (EF) and a 3M KCl extract from melanoma tissue. In 91% of the cancer patients there was a positive lymphocyte response. In contrast to this the controls and non-malignant diseases showed a positive result in only 8.7% of the cases. Using the 3M KCl extract from melanoma tissue as tissue as antigen 1 of the benign controls, 3 patients with nonmalignant diseases and none of the 49 patients with malignant diseases reacted positively, whereas in the melanoma group 86% showed a positive lymphocyte response. The results show the possibility of demonstrating tumor specific immune reaction in the EMT.
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PMID:Immunodiagnostics of malignant disease. VI. Electrophoretic mobility test (EMT) in malignant melanoma. 8 76

Four antitumor drug combinations which are currently in clinical use were evaluated experimentally using the murine B16 melanoma model. Bleomycin plus vinblastine produced an increase in life span over either of the two agents alone against both intraperitoneal and subcutaneous B16. This combination also resulted in a large number of long-term survivors. Bleomycin plus cis-platinum produced slight enhancement against subcutaneous B16, but showed no advantage against intraperitoneal B16. The combination of 5-fluorouracil plus methyl-CCNU significantly increased survival time against the intraperitoneal tumor, and produced long-term survivors as well. The combination of 5-fluorouracil plus BCNU was not more effective than BCNU or 5-fluorouracil alone. These data were compared with the degree of success reported from the clinics against a variety of solid human neoplasms.
Cancer 1978 Oct
PMID:Combination chemotherapy against B16 melanoma: bleomycin/vinblastine, bleomycin/cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, 5-fluorouracil/BCNU and 5-fluorouracil/methyl-CCNU. 8 16

The mouse melanoma B16 contains particles encapsulating a high molecular weight RNA of 60--70S size associated with a reverse transcriptase. The particles possess a density of 1.14--1.18 g/cm3. The RNA shares sequences with the 70S RNAs of several mammalian C-type RNA tumor viruses. The nuclear DNA of the mouse melanoma B16 possesses particle-related sequences not present in the genome of normal C57BL mice.
Int J Cancer 1978 Nov 15
PMID:Biochemical studies on RNA tumor virus information and its transmission in B16 murine melanoma. 8 43

An RNA-direct DNA polymerase was purified from human melanoma tissue by successive column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose (DE-23 and DE-52) and phosphocellulose. The purified reverse transcriptase has a mol. wt. of 68,000, a pH optimum of 8.0, a Mn2+ optimum of 0.6 mM, and a KCl optimum of 60 mM. The purified enzyme transcribes (rA)n - (dT)12, (rC)n - (dG)18, (Ome-rC)n - (dG)18 and a 70s RNA from Rauscher leukemia virus (RLV), but failed to transcribe (dA)n - (dT)12. This enzyme has no terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity. Serological studies have shown that the reverse transcriptase from human melanoma tissue is antigenically not related to DNA polymerases from Simian sarcoma virus (SiSV), Avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV), RLV, and human spleen of a patient with myelofibrosis. The purified enzyme showed a close antigenic resemblance to DNA polymerases from baboon endogenous virus (BEV) and rhabdomyosarcoma virus (RD-114), the endogenous virus of the cat.
Cancer Lett 1978 Dec
PMID:Biochemical and immunological characterization of a reverse transcriptase from human melanoma tissue. 8 88

A variety of markers have been used in the surveillance of carcinoma of the breast and malignant melanoma, including carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) beta2-microglobulin (beta2m) and prolactin. The dual purpose of the surveillance was the detection of early recurrence or metastasis and the monitoring of the treatment. In cancer of the breast 92% of patients having bone metastases have elevated levels of CEA or beta2m. In malignant melanoma 2/3 of the patients in relapse have elevated beta2m levels.
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PMID:[Comparison of the variations in the levels of beta2-microglobulin and carcino-embryonic antigen in the breast cancer and malignant melanoma (author's transl)]. 8 89


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