Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using the tritiated-proline microcytotoxicity assay with cultured target cells, we tested a large series of melanoma, breast cancer, and bladder cancer patients for the presence of cell-mediated immunity. Specific, disease-related activity was infrequently observed, since the patients' lymphocytes exhibited selective activity against both disease-related and non-disease-related target cells. Most normal controls also demonstrated selective activity against these target cells. Neither the length of time the target cells had been cultured in vitro nor technical aspects of the assay, including the lymphocyte preparation methods, seemed to account for our results. We concluded that the experimental design of these tests may be the critical factor responsible for many of the disparate results being observed in different laboratories.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1975 Dec
PMID:Cellular microcytotoxicity in human tumor systems: analysis of results. 5 36

Human tumor and febroblast tissue culture cells were compared to determine the suitability of fibroblasts as control cells in experiments on human tumor serology and cellular immunology. Fibroblasts expressed the same HL-A antigen profile as did melanoma cells. Furthermore, the quantitative expression of the determinants was similar on both cell types. In four of five pairs tested, the fibroblasts displayed similar sensitivity to effector cells generated by mixed lymphocyte culture as did the tumor cells from the same donor, but there were some differences in the effects of specific alloimmune effector cells at high and low effector-to-target ratios on the two types of target cells. Results indicated that fibroblasts are legitimate control target cells for studies in human tumor immunology, if screening assays are done to verify their antigenicity and sensitivity to cell-mediated cytolysis.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1976 Jan
PMID:Comparison of histocompatibility antigens on cultured human tumor cells and fibroblasts by quantitative antibody absorption and sensitivity to cell-mediated cytotoxicity. 5 44

Antiserum was generated in rabbits to the RPMI 8226 tissue culture line of human myeloma cells, and its reactions with fixed smears of bone marrow aspirates from patients with multiple myeloma, macroglobulinemia, benign monoclonal gammopathy (BMG), leukemia, and nonneoplastic plasmacyosis was assessed by indirect immunofluorescence. After absorption with preparations of bone marrow from normal individuals, the antiserum reacted to a significantly higher titer with a specific subpopulation of plasma cells in smears from 81% of patients having multiple myeloma and 50% of patients having BMG than with cells in smears of bone marrow aspirates from normal individuals or patients having leukemia or nonneoplastic plasmacytosis, or than with cells in smears of peripheral blood from patients having Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Absorption of the antiserum with RPMI 8226 cells or with a bone marrow preparation from a patient with multiple myeloma but not the Jijoye line of Burkitt's lymphoma reduced reactivity for cells in myeloma bone marrow. The antiserum reacted at a lower titer with the Jijoye and EB-3 lines of Burkitt's lymphoma, the RPMI 4098 cell line of normal human lymphocytes, and culture lines of human melanoma and osteogenic sarcoma than with the RPMI 8226 cells or bone marrow from certain patients having multiple myeloma. Approximately 50% of the cells reactive with antiserum to RPMI 8226 cells in the bone marrow of patients with multiple myeloma were not producing immunoglobulin, as assessed by double immunofluorescence assay. The data suggested that a subpopulation of plasma cells in the bone marrow of patients with multiple myeloma possesses a tumor-associated antigen.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1976 Apr
PMID:Tumor-associated antigens in human myeloma. 5 51

Complement-dependent cytotoxic antibodies to common cell surface antigens of cultured melanoma cells were produced in guinea pigs. At appropriate dilution, melanoma antisera were cytotoxic only to melanoma target cells. Following absorption with pooled lymphoid cells, additional absorption with melanoma cells but not absorption with fibroblasts or carcinoma cells was found to remove all cytotoxic activity from melanoma antisera. Absorption with human fetal skin cells but not with autologous fetal visceral cells was found to remove cytotoxicity from melanoma antisera. Tissue type-specific antigens may be shared by human malignant melanomas and fetal skin of black racial origin (at 16 to 18 weeks of gestation). The methods may be useful in the production of xenogeneic antisera with "operational monospecificity" for common melanoma-specific antigens. Sera from 47 patients with malignant melanoma failed to evidence specific cytotoxicity for melanoma target cells.
Cancer Res 1976 Feb
PMID:Production of antisera with specificity for malignant melanoma and human fetal skin. 5 91

In interview data from the U.S.A.'s Third National Cancer Survey, alcohol ingestion was associated with a higher occurrence of cancers of the breast, thyroid, and amlignant melanoma. Data from other studies support the first two associations. A unifying hypothesis to explain these seemingly diverse associations suggests that alcohol stimulates anterior pituitary secretion of prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (T.S.H.), and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (M.S.H.). Under the stimulations of these hormones, the three target tissues exhibit increased mitotic activity and hence an increase susceptibility to the development of a malignancy. A wide variety of findings from other studies indicate plausibility for this hypothesis. The implications could be grave. In addition to alcohol, several common drugs acting in similar manner could be cancer promoters, including: resperine, methyldopa, phenothiaznes, d-amphetamine, tricyclic antidepressants, and antihistamines. Over 20000 (25%) ofall new breast-cancer cases each year in the U.S.A. could be preventable if this hypothesis is correct.
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PMID:Breast and thyroid cancer and malignant melanoma promoted by alcohol-induced pituitary secretion of prolactin, T.S.H. and M.S.H. 5 45

A rapid propidium iodide staining method was used for analysis of single-cell suspensions of bone marrow and tumor biopsies by flow microfluorometry. With this technique, information on the proliferative status of target tissues can be obtained within 10 min of sample removal. DNA histograms and labeling index of sequential bone marrow biopsies from a patient with Stage IV diffuse lymphocytic leukemia and treated with 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine infusion showed pronounced reduction in the percentage of cycling cells. In contrast, sequential tumor biopsies from a melanoma patient on methotrexate-citrovorum factor rescue therapy showed no changes. In sequential bone marrow biopsies of 3 patients on high-dose methotrexate-citrovorum factor rescue, initial accumulation of cells in G1-S (Day 1) was followed by a significant proliferative response (Days 4 to 7) and return to pretherapy values. In contrast, no recovery similar to that of the bone marrow was seen in tumor cells.
Cancer Res 1976 Oct
PMID:Flow microfluorometric patterns of human bone marrow and tumor cells in response to cancer chemotherapy. 6 Jan 72

Twenty-three of 36 (64%) lung cancer patients, 19 of 36 (54%) melanoma patients and 18 of 27 (66%) sarcoma patients tested in the leukocyte migration in agarose assay against soluble extracts of histologically similar tumors showed significant inhibition of leukocyte migration. Reactivity to extracts of dissimilar tumors was low. Sera of only 1/13 (7%) lung cancer patients, 2/19 (10%) melanoma patients and 7/21 (33%) sarcoma patients were inhibited by extracts of histologically dissimilar tumors. Only 7-9% of cancer patients reacted to paired extracts of normal tissue from the tumor donors. An average of 13% of sera from normal controls reacted to tumor extracts. Stage of disease and mode of therapy appeared to have little effect on overall reactivity in this assay, although the number of patients within the various categories was small for purposes of statistical analysis. The leukocyte migration in agarose assay shows a sensitivity and specificity to tumor-associated antigens comparable to that of the older capillary tube method in general use and may facilitate performance of migration inhibition. This assay may not be useful as a prognostic test due to the lack ofcorrelation with stage of disease and treatment modality. However, its high specificity and economical use of tumor antigen suggest applications in tumor antigen purification. The use of soluble tumor antigen preparations may make it possible to purify these antigens further to increase specificity and reactivity.
Int J Cancer 1976 Aug 15
PMID:Detection of human tumor-associated antigens by the leukocyte migration in agarose assay. 6 Feb 86

An antiserum to SF antigen was shown to be selectively cytotoxic to two human fibroblast lines, while two tumor cell lines (one melanoma and one Hela cell line) were resistant. The selective cytotoxicity was also demonstrable in mixtures of fibroblasts and tumor cells. The cytotoxic effect was abrogated by admixture of human serum containing SFA.
Int J Cancer 1976 Sep 15
PMID:Specific anti-fibroblast cytotoxicity of antibodies to fibroblast surface antigen. 6 Feb 90

Detailed serological studies have been undertaken in a small group of cancer patients receiving nonspecific immunotherapy with Corynebacterium parvum (C. parvum). These patients included 4 cases of recurrent malignant melanoma, 2 of stomach cancer and 2 of recurrent breast cancer. They all received an initial i.v. infusion of 20 mg of a formol killed suspension of C. parvum followed by 2 mg (i.m.) at weekly intervals for 10-11 weeks. This protocol consistently resulted in an increase in the circulating IgG levels of all patients but had a variable effect on their IgA, IgM and IgE levels. Increases in the concentration of all 4 IgG subclasses contributed to the overall increase in IgG levels and these changes ranked IgG2 greater than IgG1 greater than IgG3 = IgG4. It also had an inconsistent effect upon the levels of alpha-macroglobulin in pregnancy but the levels of normal serum alpha2-macroglobulin were virtually unchanged. Pre-existing antibodies to C. parvum were noted in all the patients. Titres rose appreciably following C. parvum administration and remained at high, though fluctuating levels, throughout the 100-day period of observation. Absorption studies suggested that the development of antibodies to C. parvum accounted in part for the increased IgG levels noted following this form of therapy. The significance of these changes in relation to the possible anti-tumour effect of C. parvum is discussed.
Br J Cancer 1975 Sep
PMID:The effect of Corynebacterium parvum therapy on immunoglobulin class and IgG subclass levels in cancer patients. 6 Oct 40

The macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM) test of Field and Caspary did not clearly separate patients with ocular neoplastic disease from those with inflammatory disease, although there was some indication of discrimination between choroidal melanoma and ocular inflammation. In our hands the test failed to give a reproducible result for the immunodiagnosis of ocular malignancy. The technique, however, seems to provide some indication of delayed hypersensitivity in experimental inflammatory eye diseases when relatively pure antigens are used.
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PMID:Evaluation of macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM) test as an indicator of cellular immunity in ocular tumours. 6 62


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