Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The peripheral blood monocyte is the reactive cell in the tube LAI assay. The monocyte loses its properties of adherence to glass upon exposure to specific antigen. Two different experiments to determine if lymphocytes, when they reacted with tumour, released mediators that were responsible for inhibiting monocyte glass adherence, gave negative results. The mechanism wherby the specific tumour antigen appeared to be recognized was the binding of cytophilic IgG antitumour antibody to receptors on the cell surface of the monocyte. The results of the experiments indicate that normal peripheral blood monocytes could be made specifically reactive ("armed") to the tumour extract by incubating normal peripheral blood leukocytes with serum from a reactive cancer patient. IgG isolated from "arming" sera was shown to have the capacity to sensitize normal leukocytes. Patients with breast cancer or malignant melanoma with limited tumour burdens had free cytophilic anti-tumour antibody in their serum, whereas the serum of patients with large tumour burdens (metastatic cancer), whose leukocytes did not react in the tube LAI assay, did not "arm".
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PMID:Tube leukocyte adherence inhibition assay for the detection of anti-tumour immunity. II. Monocyte reacts with tumour antigen via cytophilic anti-tumour antibody. 94 60

Serial carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were measured during chemotherapy for metastatic cancer in 94 patients. Criteria for chemotherapy responses were those used by the Central Oncology Group. Patients were classified according to changes in CEA levels and response to chemotherapy. Four categories represented a positive correlation: (1) increasing abnormal CEA with progressing disease, (2) decreasing abnormal CEA with disease regression, (3) unchanged abnormal CEA with stable disease, (4) change from normal to abnormal CEA with progressive disease. Positive correlation of serial CEA levels with clinical responses occurred in 71% of patients with GI cancer, 51% with breast cancer, 42% with sarcoma, 50% with respiratory cancer, and 25% with melanoma. These data indicate that serial CEA determinations may be of value as an additional parameter of response to chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer.
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PMID:Usefulness of serial carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) determinations in monitoring chemotherapy. 98

Duborimycin is a new antimitotic agent approaching danorubicin and adriamycin in activity which has been tried on 151 patients suffering from cancer of different types, is an advanced local/regional stage and/or metastatic disease. It was administered intravenously every fortnight in a mean unit dose of 400 mg, and the duration of the treatment ranged from 2 to 52 weeks. Objective improvement was registered in 56 patients of the 135 cases in whcih the results were assessed (around 41.4% of cases). In 4 cases the regression of tumour volume was greater than 50% (one of these cases was in melanoma, the other a sarcoma) and in 2 cases regression was complete (a squamous cell carcinoma and an embryonal testicular tumour). The subjective effects were appreciable in 53 of the 115 cases which could be studied (46%) and above all in the refractory pain of bony secondaries from breast cancer (a favourable response in 78% of cases). Manifestations of intolerance/toxicity were of a minor nature on the haematologic side, that cardiologic ones relatively frequent (18% of treated cases) and occasionally serious (2 cases of asystole). Great care is therefore necessary in supervision of the treatment. However, the first results obtained by this line of approach, notably in chemo-resistant forms of tumour such as melanoma and sarcomas, utilizing the very strict criteria in one analysis encourage further study of duborimycin in cases of this sort (preferably in association and in accordance with protocols of comparative trials) so that its place in cancer chemotherapy may be more precisely defined.
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PMID:[Anticancerous chemotherapy trial with duborimycin. Analysis of 151 cases]. 99 May 9

Allogeneic immune RNA (I-RNA), extracted from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients putatively cured of cancer, mediated cytotoxic immune reactions that apparently were directed specifically against human tumor-associated antigens. I-RNA was extracted from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with various types of cancer. Patients selected had not been previously sensitized to HL-A or other normal transplantation antigens or to blood group antigens. Normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes were incubated with these allogeneic I-RNA preparations and tested for cytotoxicity against human target cells in vitro. Allogeneic I-RNA mediated cytotoxic immune reactions only against tumor target cells of the same histologic type as the I-RNA donor. I-RNA's extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes of melanoma patients mediated cytotoxic immune reactions only against melanoma cells. Similarly, only I-RNA's extracted from the lymphocytes of patients with colon cancer mediated cytotoxic immune reactions against colon carcinoma cells, and only I-RNA's from the lymphocytes of breast cancer patients mediated immune reactions against breast cancer target cells. Allogeneic I-RNA extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes of cancer patients possibly mediated specific cytotoxic immune reactions that were directed against common tumor-associated antigens shared by human tumors of similar histologic type.
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PMID:Mediation of cytotoxic immune responses against human tumor-associated antigens by allogeneic immune RNA. 100 93

Two patients with primary and four with metastatic distal phalangeal lesions in whom a wrong diagnosis of benign disease was initially made are presented with a brief review of the literature and a discussion of the clinico-radiographic features. Primary phalangeal lesions may be either epidermoid carcinoma or malignant melanoma are are often confused with paronychia, while most metastatic lesions are due to pulmonary or breast cancer and simulate a felon clinically. Primary nail bed lesions are characterized radiographically by external cortical erosions; metastatic lesions tend to show a diffuse demineralization and extensive destruction of the whole digit.
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PMID:Neoplastic involvement of terminal digits masquerading clinically as benign disease. 102 61

Contemporary clinical research is actively engaged at the conquest of residual neoplastic disease. The preliminary results of combined treatment modalities for osteogenic sarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, breast cancer, malignant melanoma and Hodgkin's disease have shown a significant decrease in the incidence of distant metastases. In some neoplasias the decreased relapse rate was associated to improved survival. Since the problem of long-term carcinogenesis does exist, the use of prolonged adjuvant chemotherapy, at present moment, is best limited to patients at high risk of early relapse when treated only with local or local-regional modalities.
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PMID:Treatment of residual neoplastic disease in solid tumours. 106 17

Lymphocytes from control donors and from cancer patients have been tested for antitumor, cell-mediated immunity against various melanoma and breast cancer target cell cultures with a microcytotoxicity assay. Control lymphocytes inhibited growth of target cells with high frequency, particularly with cell line, as opposed to short-term, cultures. Inhibition was not found for all target cells tested at a given time with a single preparation of lymphocytes. Sequential studies over a 2-year period with lymphocytes from the same control donors showed fluctuations of inhibition against the same target cells. With serial passage, the target cells also changed in their susceptibility to destruction by control lymphocytes. Lymphocytes from melanoma patients were more inhibitory than control lymphocytes for one melanoma target cell culture but not for two other melanoma cultures. Significant inhibition by lymphocytes from melanoma patients was not seen against two cultures derived from breast cancer patients. Lymphocytes from breast cancer patients were more inhibitory than control lymphocytes for 4 of 5 breast cancer cultures and they did not inhibit two melanoma cultures. Significantly specific inhibition was seen with short-term, but not cell line, breast cultures. The over-all data show specificity for target cells of the appropriate histological type. However, the high and inconstant reactivity of control lymphocytes in this assay suggests that nonspecific inhibition of tumor target cells by patient lymphocytes is found in many experiments. It is concluded that the microcytotoxicity assay is not suitable for clinical studies, since sequential data obtained in individual patients are difficult to interpret.
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PMID:Problems in the clinical use of the microcytotoxicity assay for measuring cell-mediated immunity to tumor cells. 114 17

Complement-dependent cytotoxicity against melanoma cells was demonstrated with a microassay in sera from melanoma patients. The response was tumor-specific and histologic type-specific since 16 out of 52 (30%) melanoma patient sera taken before surgery reacted against melanoma cells, whereas 3 out of 43 (7%) control sera, collected from patients with unrelated tumors and from cancer-free individuals, were positive. The serum activity correlated with the clinical stage of the disease since it was detected in 15 out of 40 patients with stage I and II tumors and in 1 of the 12 patients in stage III. Twelve melanoma patients, clinically tumor-free for to 4 years after surgery, showed no humoral cytotoxicity. A follow-up study of 13 melanoma patients revealed that the cytotoxicity appeared 7-10 days after radical removal of the tumor and that it disappeared if there was no recurrence. The histologic type-specificity was further tested by assaying sera from 16 melanoma and 10 breast-cancer patients simultaneously on both melanoma and breast-cancer cells; a positive reaction was observed in 6 cases of melanoma and in 5 of breast cancer on homologous cells only, in 1 case on the opposite type of cells, and in 3 cases on both types of tumor cells.
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PMID:Humoral cytotoxicity in melanoma patients and its correlation with the extent and course of the disease. 118 40

Metastatic disease involving the stomach is an unusual and difficult clinical problem. A review of 1010 autopsies of patients with cancer disclosed 17 cases of gastric metastases (an incidence of 1.7%), with breast cancer, lung cancer, and melanoma being the most frequent primaries. The clinical manifestations of epigastric pain, melena, and anemia are nonspecific, necessitating radiographic examination of the gastrointestinal tract. The radiographic findings are usually sufficient to suggest the diagnosis.
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PMID:Metastatic disease involving the stomach. 119 Jan 98

Immunization studies indicate that formalinized tumour cells retain at least part of their gross membrane structure and antigenicity; they are relatively easy to prepare and store well over a period of months. We have used formalinized tumour cells as antigen in the leucocyte migration inhibition test. Leucocyte migration inhibition occurred in leucocytes from thirty-eight out of sixty-nine malignant melanoma patients and from fifty-five out of eight-one breast cancer patients when in contact with formalinized tumour cells of a histologically similar type. Melanoma patients' and breast cancer patients' leucocytes were infrequently inhibited on contact with cells from histologically dissimilar human tumours and from xenogeneic mouse melanomas. Other advantages of formalinized cells over antigens prepared by homogenizing tumour tissue include a greater degree of inhibition and the ability to demonstrate a dose-response relationship between the ratio of leucocytes:tumour cells and the migration index.
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PMID:Formalinized tumour cells in the leucocyte migration inhibition test. 121 13


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