Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several pre-malignant diseases are known to have a genetic etiology. This study focuses attention upon precancerous disorders wherein the mode of inheritance is either well established or wherein it remains unclear even though familial aggregation of the particular diseases have been amply documented. These conditions will be discussed as useful models for systematic investigations of the host etiologic component in carcinogenesis. Our survey of hereditary precancerous syndromes includes multiple polyposis of the coli, the multiple mucosal neuroma syndrome, the Cancer Family Syndrome, Sipple's syndrome, Von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosus, the multiple nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, familial cutaneous malignant melanoma, and carcinoma of the breast. We have emphasized the heterogeneous character of many forms of familial cancer. Familial breast cancer associations clearly show such heterogeneity, as do colon cancer syndromes. Certain of these precancerous states are characterized by phenotypes which are clinically apparent, polyposis coli being the classic example. Others, such as Sipple's syndrome are amenable to routine screening for biochemical markers. The bulk of putative genetic cancer-predisposing problems require further basic investigation of modes of inheritance. Cancer control may be enhanced through communication of useful genetic and diagnostic information to primary care physicians. Referral of cancer clusters of possible genetic etiology from clinicians to human geneticists facilitates the necessary basic research.
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PMID:Familial cancer syndromes: a survey. 40 22

Significant recent achievement in radiotherapy are presented, with brief discussions of brachytherapy, clinical dose-rate effects, ultrafractionation, and total and half-body irradiation. Reports on radiation modifiers, including hyperbaric oxygen, chemical radiosensitizers, and normal tissue protective agents are briefly summarized, while the potential of local and systemic hyperthermia is discussed in greater detail. Recent reports of local tumor control in so-called "radioresistant tumors," such as salivary gland tumors, adenocarcinomas of the breast, prostate and pancreas, malignant melanoma and malignant carcinoid, are summarized. Current status of heavy particle radiotherapy is discussed in detail. Results of initial clinical trials of neutron beam therapy are summarized, and a brief review of proton beam clinical trials and pion beam facilities is included. Recent reports defining the role of combined irradiation and surgery in rectal and breast cancer, and in soft tissue sarcomas, are discussed. Reports of enhanced radiation toxicity seen with concomitant or sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy are detailed, including CNS toxicity seen with methotrexate and cytosine arabinoside, cardiotoxicity with adriamycin, and pulmonary toxicity with bleomycin. New or improved diagnostic techniques with special relevance to radiotherapy treatment planning, including CT scanning, histerography, internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy, and upper extremity lymphangiography are described.
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PMID:Recent advances in radiotherapy. 40 98

An overview of the risk of developing cancer related to oral contraceptive (o.c.) use is presented. A committee of experts affiliated with WHO studied the problem of developing cancer related to o.c. use. O.c. use for more than 2 years prevents the formation of benign breast tumors, even after discontinuing o.c. use. The effect is due to the progestin component. There is no clear indication that o.c. use increases the risk of breast cancer. A higher risk of endometrial cancer is associated with sequential preparation use, but not with the use of combination preparations. Cervical neoplasms and pituitary adenoma may be more frequent among predisposed women who use o.c.s. Studies show a reduced risk of ovarian cancer with o.c. use, but more studies are necessary. There is a marked increase in the relative risk of developing hepatocellular adenoma among women who use o.c.s for longer than 3 years. The risk increases with the hormone dosage, the duration of treatment, and the age of the patient. There is no reliable data to indicate that the risk of malignant melanoma increases with o.c. use. More study is needed to determine the possible cancer risks of injection preparations. Combination preparations can cause an increased risk of vaginal epithelial metaplasia. Diethylstilbestrol taken during early pregnancy can cause vaginal neoplasms in the offspring. More epidemiological studies and clinical and laboratory studies on the carcinogenic effects of o.c.s and the endocrinological effects of o.c.s on younger women should be undertaken. It is recommended that o.c.s with the lowest possible hormone dosages be used. O.c.s should not be prescribed to women with vaginal adenosis.
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PMID:[Oral contraceptives and the risk of neoplasms]. 44 57

Serum lysozyme has been demonstrated to be an indicator for macrophage activity in the tumor-bearing host. Therefore, we investigated lysozyme levels in the sera of 336 untreated tumor patients (121 malignant melanoma, 61 lung cancers, 70 cervical cancers, 49 breast cancers and 35 benign breast tumors, and 36 healthy controls). Patients with malignant melanoma and lung cancer had significantly higher lysozyme levels than the healthy controls. Within the clinical stages in melanoma, there was a decrease of lysozyme in stages II and III in comparison to stage I, but still above that of the control values. Patients with benign breast tumors had normal levels, whereas in breast cancer patients of stages I and II there was a significant reduction in the lysozyme levels. In stages III and IV no differences to the control group could be detected. In patients with cervical cancer (FIGO II and III) serum lysozyme levels were found to be within the normal range. From this study it can not be concluded that serum lysozyme reflects the immunological reactivity of the tumor bearer. Nevertheless, the reduced levels in stages I and II of breast cancer might point to an immunological defect.
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PMID:Serum lysozyme levels in patients with solid tumors. 45 Mar 87

Data on cancer incidence in Israel have been collected by the Israel Cancer Registry since 1960. Overall incidence patterns are similar to those observed in other "Westernized" countries. In the total Jewish population, lung cancer accounts for one in seven cancers in males and breast cancer, for one in four cancers in females. The main time trends are: a decrease in stomach cancer, a halt in the increase of male lung cancer and a continuing rise for female lung cancer, female breast cancer, cancer of the colon and rectum, and malignant melanoma. Cancer of the uterine cervix may be on the rise in Israel-born women. The relatively high incidence of cancer of the esophagus in immigrants from Iran and Yemen and of cancer of the nasopharynx in immigrants from North Africa probably reflect incidence patterns in their countries of origin.
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PMID:Cancer patterns in Israel: selected aspects. 52 89

The 10% increase in the incidence of all cancer observed in the total white population of the San Francisco Bay Area during 1970-75 is mostly due to the 19% increase in cancer among white females. The latter is largely a result of increased incidence of cancer of the corpus uteri, breast, and lung, and of malignant melanoma. Cancer of these four sites constitutes 85% of the increase in white women. The rise in uterine corpus cancer is limited to women over 50 years of age. An incidence peak in 1974 of breast cancer was followed by a substantial decrease in 1975. The 50% rise in female lung cancer is an extension of the increase that began in 1965. The almost 70% increase in melanoma among women since 1975 accompanies a comparable increase in melanoma among males after a decade of stable incidence rates.
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PMID:Cancer incidence trends in white women of the San Francisco Bay Area. 53 38

This paper is based on 21 patients with metastases of the choroid from extraocular tumors, observed over a period of 25 years (1952--1977) at Erlangen University Eye Clinic. Approximately 70% of these relatively rare metastases of the choroid are caused by cancer of the breast. Ophthalmoscopically, they are usually localized to the left of the posterior pole and are yellowish. In about 20% of the cases both eyes are affected. Since breast cancer is the most frequent cause of the primary tumor, women in the 40 to 60 age group are the most common sufferers. On the other hand, it is worth mentioning that in 2 cases the metastases were the first signs of any type of malignancy. Typical is the relatively flat, shell-like growth. In cytological specimens the portion of the retina covering the tumor normally shows no evidence of cystic degenerative change, in contrast to malignant melanoma. In view of the short average life expectancy of about 9 months, therapy should consist in preserving the eye and thus some degree of vision. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy or cytostatic therapy whould be tried. Enucleation is only indicated where there is severe pain, secondary glaucoma, amaurosis or if it is impossible to differentiate from a malignant melanoma.
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PMID:[Tumor metastases of the choroid: clinical picture and histology (author's transl)]. 54 92

The authors report on choroid metastatic deposits from primary tumors of other organs with regard to a survey of the literature and personal observations. 85% of the choroid secondary growths occur after breast cancer in women with an average latency of 3 1/2 years. The ophthalmological appearances and the fluorescence-angiographical phenomena are discussed with regard to the differential diagnosis of melanoma and haemangioma of the choroid. The therapeutic procedure for secondary deposits of mamma carcinoma is considered.
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PMID:[Metastatic deposits of carcinoma in the choroid (author's transl)]. 70 44

The conditions for a 51Cr release assay on cell lines derived from human solid tumors were determined by using a rabbit antihuman antiserum with human AB serum as source of complement. By this assay 38 sera collected before and after surgery from 19 breast cancer patients and 28 sera from 12 melanoma patients and 16 healthy donors were tested on 3 lines derived from breast cancer tissue and 1 line derived from normal breast tissue. Ten of the breast cancer patients had lymph node metastases and 9 did not. Positive reactions were obtained from 4 breast cancer patients, all with lymph node metastases, and from 1 healthy donor. In a second experiment, 58 coded sera belonging to 4 different groups of cancer and non-cancer individuals were assayed on a colonic cancer line (HT-29), and 33 and 20 of them were also treated on a melanoma line (MeWo) and on a breast cancer line (MaCa 13), respectively. Positive responses were few, and were more frequently observed among transfused than non-transfused patients.
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PMID:Complement-dependent serum cytotoxicity of cancer patients studied by 51Cr release assay on human cancer lines. 87 26

From the Third National Cancer Survey (TNCS) Interview Study of 7,518 incident cases, lifetime histories of occupations and industries were studied for associations with specific cancer sites and types while controlling for age, sex, race, education, use of cigarettes or alcohol, and geographic location. Lung cancer patients were found more often than expected among several categories including trucking, air transportation, wholesaling, painting, building construction, building maintenance, and manufacturing (furniture, transportation equipment, and food products). Controlling for cigarette smoking did not change these associations. Leukemia and multiple myeloma were associated with sales personnel of both sexes, whereas lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease were excessive among women working in the medical industry. Other associations included rectal cancer with several retail industries; prostate cancer with ministers, farmers, plumbers, and coal miners; malignant melanoma with school teachers; and invasive cervical cancer with women working in hotels and restaurants. Breast cancer patients were more common among women who were teachers or other professionals and who worked in business and finance (even after controlling for education). Many other findings are presented in detailed tables. Results are reported mainly as a research resource for use by other investigators doing work in this field. Suggestions are given for future studies.
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PMID:Associations of cancer site and type with occupation and industry from the Third National Cancer Survey Interview. 90 93


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