Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In malignant melanoma, using Sephadex G-200 chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), it has been possible to separate two types of skin reactive antigens. The first, found in Sephadex fraction II and PAGE region a appears specific for melanoma. Allogeneic extracts have produced positive reactions in many patients with skin or ocular melanoma, and have given negative reactions in patients with other types of cancer or in patients with ocular lesions simulating melanoma. The second group of antigens, in Sephadex fraction III and PAGE region b were less specific. These antigens produced positive skin reactions in some patients with breast cancer, as well as in patients with melanoma. Reactivity to PAGE region a appeared to be confined to one protein band, but three different bands in region b gave positive reactions. A study was made of the presence or absence of similar antigens in metastatic deposits of malignant melanoma. Metastatic lesions in the following tissues were analyzed: liver, lung, adrenal, skin, and colon. These were compared with pooled primary skin melanomas by skin testing in the same patients. The tumor-associated melanoma antigen, found in Sephadex fraction II and PAGE region a appeared to be strongest in adrenal, lung, and liver metastases. It was found that the protein yield in this region was not indicative of the strength of the antigen. Therefore, a careful, detailed analysis of the protein bands present in PAGE regions a and b from primary skin melanoma was conducted. Only one band in PAGE region a was found to be responsible for positive skin reactivity. This band was found to be a glycolipoprotein. Further studies were also conducted in order to determine whether or not some of the antigens present might be fetal antigens. Some of the protein bands present in Sephadex fraction III and PAGE region b of melanoma appeared to be similar to some of the PAGE region b proteins present in fetal skin cells. Two bands from fetal skin also had the same location on PAGE as two bands from ductal breast cancer, although the relationship to melanoma region b antigens was not exact. These fetal proteins, which seemed to be present both in ductal breast cancer cell membranes and in melanoma cell membranes, might account for the positive skin reactivity seen in this region, and also for the cross reactivity of skin tests with this antigen.
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PMID:Analysis of soluble melanoma cell membrane antigens in metastatic cells of various organs and further studies of antigens present in primary melanoma. 5 80

Using the tritiated-proline microcytotoxicity assay with cultured target cells, we tested a large series of melanoma, breast cancer, and bladder cancer patients for the presence of cell-mediated immunity. Specific, disease-related activity was infrequently observed, since the patients' lymphocytes exhibited selective activity against both disease-related and non-disease-related target cells. Most normal controls also demonstrated selective activity against these target cells. Neither the length of time the target cells had been cultured in vitro nor technical aspects of the assay, including the lymphocyte preparation methods, seemed to account for our results. We concluded that the experimental design of these tests may be the critical factor responsible for many of the disparate results being observed in different laboratories.
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PMID:Cellular microcytotoxicity in human tumor systems: analysis of results. 5 36

The authors modified and refined the Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition Assay (LAI) first described by Halliday, et al. in 1972 by standardizing the protein concentration of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) and by utilizing paired normal tissue extracts as controls to eliminate interference of HL-A histocompatibility antigens and organ-associated antigens. When dose response studies were performed, a progressively larger percentage of patients reacted to the LAI test with increasing concentration of tumor extracts, but the optimal concentration was found to be 200 mug/ml, where 42 out of 66 (63%) leukocytes from 54 breast cancer patients reacted to the breast cancer extracts. At this dose range, only three out of 39 (7%) normal donors and four out of 30 (13%) patients with other types of cancer were positive. When breast cancer patients were tested against TAA of colon cancer and malignant melanoma, one of 24 (4%) and two of 24 (8%), respectively, were positive. Although a higher response rate (72%) was noted in Stage II disease, this was not statistically different from Stage I and Stage III disease. Likewise, no difference was noted in LAI at varying phases following the mastectomy.
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PMID:Leukocyte adherence inhibition by soluble tumor antigens in breast cancer patients. 6 7

Twenty-four patients with far advanced malignant tumors, resistent to established chemotherapy,, were treated with the combination of MNU and Cyclophosphamide. The drugs were administered in six-day cycles sequentially. MNU in doses of 4 mg/kg body weight and Cyclophosphamide in doses of 8 mg/kg body weight were given. Results of treatment showed response (greater than 50% tumor regression) in 10 (42%) of the 24 treated patients. Seven remissions were complete and three partial. Patients with Hodgkin's disease, malignant melanoma and breast cancer responded to this combination chemotherapy. Objective remissions were obtained also in five of thirteen patients with primary or metastatic brain tumors and in five of nine patients with pulmonary metastases. Nausea and vomiting were the main toxic effects, especially after injections of MNU. Myelosuppression was noted in about 50% of treated patients. Since this combination of cytostatics showed significant antitumor activity, further investigations are necessary on a larger number of patients and in other types of malignant tumors.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy with 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU) and cyclophosphamide in solid tumors. 14 13

Five patients with breast cancer and malignant melanoma are reported. Two patients had a third primary malignancy. In 4 out of 5 patients the breast tumor was the initial tumor discovered, and in 4 out of 5 the second tumor evolved metachronously. No specific carcinogenic factor could be established. The low malignancy potential of the melanoma by pathologic criteria may explain the lack of previous reports of this association.
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PMID:Malignant melanoma and carcinoma of the breast. 16 40

Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein, SP1, was measured in serum by competitive double antibody radioimmunoassay. Very low levels of SP1 or SP1-like activity were found in only 2 out of 85 sera from patients with cancer of the digestive tract, breast cancer, melanoma, and sarcoma, in 2 out of 11 sera from patients with infectious diseases, and in none out of 15 sera from non-pregnant healthy individuals. SP1 thus does not seem to be ectopically produced in vivo by the types of cancer studied, but is probably highly specific for the normal and malignant trophoblast.
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PMID:Is SP1 (pregnancy specific beta 1 glycoprotein) elevated in cancer patients? 31 95

Sera from 134 selected patients with various types of cancer were tested for soluble antigen-antibody complexes by the C1q binding method. Sera from 85 healthy blood bank donors served as normal controls. C1q binding activity (C1q BA) values above the 95th percentile for healthy subjects were found in 83% of sera from patients with neoplastic diseases. The incidence of abnormal C1q BA values among patients with malignant melanoma was 83%, with breast cancer 74%, with colon cancer 75%, with lung cancer 88%, with leukemia and lymphoma 85%, and with miscellaneous tumors 94%. High C1q BA values were found most frequently in sera of patients who had been diagnosed relatively recently (within 5 mo) and who had evident residual disease after surgical treatment. Recurrence or progression of tumor growth occurred significantly more frequently in lung cancer patients with high C1q BA. DNA was not detected in cancer patients' sera and treatment with DNase did not decrease in C1q BA. C1q BA in sera could not be explained by the presence of antiglobulin antibodies. Sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation studies of the serum C1q BA in 4 cancer patients showed that the major binding activity was found between 19S and 7S.
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PMID:The C1q binding test for soluble immune complexes: clinical correlations obtained in patients with cancer. 32 5

Mononuclear cell-mediated cytotoxicity (MCMC) against cultured tumor target cells was studied sequentially in melanoma and breast cancer patients before and during BGC administration. MCMC showed temporary fluctuations. In patients with locally advanced melanoma and carcinoma of the breast after tumor load reduction, the administration of BCG may increase the MCMC. This did not always correlate with a favorable clinical course. Potentiating serum factors appeared in 50% of these patients during BCG therapy, while blocking factors were rare. Neither correlated with prognosis. In patients with disseminated melanoma receiving chemoimmunotherapy, increases in MCMC may be related to clinical course. Blocking serum factors frequently developed in this group of patients and potentiating factors were rare. Neither correlated with the clinical course. Significant MCMC among normal donors and the apparent lack of specificity suggest a common nonspecific (? natural) cellular reactivity against cultured tumor target cells.
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PMID:In vitro antitumor reactivity of mononuclear leukocytes from cancer patients receiving immunotherapy with BCG. 37 May 32

During the phase I study of maytansine at our institution, some activity was observed against breast carcinoma and melanoma. A phase II study was thus initiated to more thoroughly investigate the activity of this drug against these two tumors. In 33 evaluable patients with melanoma, no complete or partial responses were observed. Twenty-one evaluable patients with breast cancer were entered and only one response (partial) was seen. The toxicity was similar to that observed in the phase I study and consisted mainly of diarrhea, paresthesias, phlebitis, and flu-like symptoms. Myelosuppression was infrequent and was short-lived when it occurred.
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PMID:Results of a phase II study of maytansine in patients with breast carcinoma and melanoma. 37 3

This lengthy discussion of possible associations between both endogenous and exogenous estrogens and progestins to occurrence of human cancers begins by discussing endogenous metabolism of the 2 sex steroid types. For example, the endogenous production of estrogen is associated with anovulation and endometrial cancer, although clearly other risk factors are associated with these diseases, and breast cancer, which account for some or all of the sex hormones apparent carcinogenic effect. Also discussed are the modulating effects of estriol on response of the breast and endometrium to estradiol and estrogens, and the modulating effects of androgens on development of breast cancer. The bulk of the monograph concerns summaries of data on the correlations of exogenous sex hormones and human cancers. Attention is also paid to the use of exogenous sex hormones for treatments of human cancers. Estrogens have been used to treat endometrial cancer, breast cancer, and benign breast disease. Side effects of hormonal contraception discussed include gross and microscopic changes in the breast, benign breast disease, and breast cancer; in the uterus, exogenous hormonal contraception is associated with neoplastic changes in the cervix, cervical neoplasia, endometrial cancer, trophoblastic tumors, and uterine fibroids. Ovarian effects include nonneoplastic and benign lesions and ovarian cancers. Oral contraception may also correlate with incidences of pituitary and melanoma malignancies. Liver effects include both benign neoplasms and malignant tumors.
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PMID:Oestrogens and progestins in relation to human cancer. 39 83


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